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Dong-Rack Choi,Kee-Young Lee,Yun-Sung Chung,주재은,Yong-Hyun Kim,오창영,Yiu-Suk Lee,함원훈 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2
Palladium(II)-catalyzed carboxylation of chiral olefins 6a-d has been examined under various conditions. In the weak basic condition (K2CO3), 7a-d were obtained in good yields. Alternatively, in the strong basic condition, pyrrolidinones 8a-d were obtained resulting in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
Choi Dong-Rack,Lee Kee-Young,Chung Yun-Sung,Joo Jae-Eun,Kim Yong-Hyun,Oh Chang-Young,Lee Yiu-Suk,Ham Won-Hun The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2
Palladium(II)-catalyzed carboxylation of chiral olefins 6a-d has been examined under various conditions. In the weak basic condition ($K_{2}CO_3$), 7a-d were obtained in good yields. Alternatively, in the strong basic condition, pyrrolidinones 8a-d were obtained resulting in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
A Study on the Effects of Small Business Management Result by the Korean Government: Focus on SEMAS
Dong-Rack Choi,Geun-Ha Suh 한국유통과학회 2017 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.7 No.3
Purpose – It is necessary to identify the level of marketing activities of the businesses that are recognized and carried out by the small and midsize businesses that have been supported by the government's small-business policy Research design, data, and methodology – The method of data analysis of this study was conducted by the researcher 's acquaintances and center staffs who visited small business owners in a small - scale company operating a business. Results – It is found that the financial support part of the support programs for the small business owners is not related to the center affection among the support programs for the small business owners of the government. This is a fact-finding process that can be regarded as a forming process that has a significant effect on. As a result of the analysis, both marketing activity and center attachment were found to be possible parameters which have significant influence on business performance. Conclusions – Developing a variety of contact and customer management programs with small business owners in the field has enabled the government's policies to effectively penetrate the site, and these efforts eventually resulted in more business results for small business owners.
Dose-linear pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid after intravenous and oral administration in rats
Jeong, Dong Won,Kim, Young Hoon,Kim, Hui Hyun,Ji, Hye Young,Yoo, Sun Dong,Choi, Won Rack,Lee, Soo Min,Han, Chang-Kyun,Lee, Hye Suk WILEY PUBLISHERS 2007 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.28 No.2
<P>The pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. From Caco-2 cell permeation studies, oleanolic acid was a low permeability compound with no directional effects, suggesting a low in vivo absorption mediated by a passive diffusion. Oleanolic acid was metabolically unstable following incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. After intravenous injection at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, oleanolic acid showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics as evidenced by unaltered CL (28.6–33.0 ml/min/kg), V<SUB>ss</SUB> (437–583 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (16.0–17.9 µg min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t<SUB>1/2</SUB> (41.9–52.7 min). Following oral administration of oleanolic acid at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, T<SUB>max</SUB>, t<SUB>1/2</SUB>, dose-normalized C<SUB>max</SUB> (66–74 ng/ml based on 25 mg/kg) and dose-normalized AUC (5.4–5.9 µg min/ml based on 25 mg/kg) were comparable between 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, but the plasma concentrations at 10 mg/kg dose were not measurable as they were below the limit of quantitation (2 ng/ml). The absolute oral bioavailability was 0.7% for oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The very low oral bioavailability of oleanolic acid could be due to a poor absorption and extensive metabolic clearance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Sohn, Jong-Rack,Choi, Hee-Dong,Shin, Dong-Chul Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.6
A series of catalysts, $NiO/La_2O_3-ZrO_2/WO_3$, for acid catalysis was prepared by the precipitation and impregnation methods. For the $NiO/La_2O_3-ZrO_2/WO_3$ samples, no diffraction lines of nickel oxide were observed, indicating good dispersion of nickel oxide on the catalyst surface. The catalyst was amorphous to X-ray diffraction up to 300 ${^{\circ}C}$ of calcination temperature, but the tetragonal phase of $ZrO_2$ and monoclinic phase of $WO_3$ by the calcination temperatures from 400 ${^{\circ}C}$ to 700 ${^{\circ}C}$ were observed. The role of $La_2O_3$ in the catalyst was to form a thermally stable solid solution with zirconia and consequently to give high surface area and acidity. The high acid strength and high acidity were responsible for the W=O bond nature of complex formed by the modification of $ZrO_2$ with $WO_3$. For 2-propanol dehydration the catalyst calcined at 400 ${^{\circ}C}$ exhibited the highest catalytic activity, while for cumene dealkylation the catalyst calcined at 600 ${^{\circ}C}$ showed the highest catalytic activity. 25-$NiO/5-La_2O_3-ZrO_2/15-WO_3$ exhibited maximum catalytic activities for two reactions due to the effects of $WO_3$ modifying and $La_2O_3$ doping.
복수에서의 Carcinoembryonic Antigen 과 Alpha - Fetoprotein 에 관한 연구
유석동(Seuck Dong Yoo),강영진(Young Jin Kang),홍택종(Taek Jong Hong),박희욱(Hee Ug Park),김성은(Seong Eun Kim),최장락(Jang Rack Choi),조군제(Goon Jae Cho),양웅석(Ung Suk Yang),허윤(Yoon Huh) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.2
N/A In order to determine whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) & alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in ascitic fluid assist in the diagnosis of malignant disease in abdominal cavity and their peritoneal metastasis, the authors studied 39 cases of malignant ascites patients (of which 19 cases were proven to be peritoneal metastasis) and 38 cases of nonmalignant ascites patients and analyzed the CEA 8z AFP levels of those cases from February, 1987 to August, 1987 in Pusan National University Hospital. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The CEA level of the malignant ascites group was significantly higher than that of the nonmaligant ascites group in ascitic fluid (p<0.005), but not significant in serum (p>0.05). 2) The AFP level of the malignant ascites group was significantly higher than that of the nonmaligant ascites group in ascitic fluid and serum (p<0.01; ascitic fluid, p<0.005; serum). 3) The CEA level of the hepatoma group was significantly lower than that of the non-hepatic malignant group in ascitic fluid and serum (p<0.005), but the AFP level of the hepatoma group was significantly higher only in ascitic fluid (p<0.005). 4) The AFP level of the hepatoma group was significantly higher than that of the liver cirrhosis group in ascitic fluid and serum (p<0.005) but the CEA level of the hepatoma group was significantly higher only in ascitic fluid (p<0.005). 5) Ascitic fluid and serum CEA levels were higher than the upper limit (4.37 ng/ml; ascitic fluid, 5.35 ng/ml; serum) in 15 of 39 of the cases in the malignant ascites group (38.5%), of which 11 eases proven to be peritoneal metastasis (8 cases of stomach Ca, 2 cases of pancreatic Ca, 1 case of colon Ca). 6) The specificity of ascitic fluid CEA for malignant diseases in the abdominal cavity was 86.8%, the positive predictability was 82.1%, the sensitivity was 59.0%, and the negative predictability was 67.3%. The specificity of serum CEA was 94.7/o, the positive predictability was 88.2%, the sensitivity was 38,5% and the negative predictability was 60.0%. 7) Ascitic fluid and serum AFP levels were higher than the upper limit (35.40 ng/ml; ascitic fluid, 43.02 ng/ ml; serum) in 14 of 39 of the cases in the of the cases in the malignant ascites group (35.9%), all of which were primary hepatoma out only 2 cases proven to be peritoneal metastasis. It was concluded that the measurement of ascitic fluid CEA & AFP levels is useful in determining the existence, peritoneal metastasis and differential diagnosis of malignant diseases in the abdominal cavity.