특수교육 및 관련 서비스의 효과성에 근거한 학급 교수 전략

조윤경 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2003 특수교육 Vol.2 No.2

현재까지 연구를 통해서 밝혀진 특수교육 및 관련 서비스의 교수 실제들의 효과성과 관련해서, 특정한 영역에 대한 연구 자료들을 보편적인 척도 흑은 효과 크기로 변환한 메타분석을 검토한 연구들을 종합 제시하였다. 효과적인 교수 방법 및 전략들에 대한 비교 결과를 바탕으로 교사들이 학급에서 사용할 때 그 효과성을 유지하고 더 나아가서 최대화하기 위해서 고려해야 하는 사항들을 검토해 보았다. 특수교육 및 관련서비스들이 효과를 발휘할 수 있는 적용의 실제 맥락들을 교수가 시행되는 장소·교수의 거시적 맥락인 교육과정과 교사의 역할·학급에서의 교수 맥락에서의 특정기술 교수 및 반복 학습·강화와 같은 외적 촉진의 사용과 관련된 네 가지 논제들로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로 효과성을 추구하기 위한 특수교육 연구의 방향성을 논의하였다. The results on effectiveness of special education and related services were introduced, by meta-analyses which transformed the research data about specific intervention into general standard or effect size. Based on comparisons about effectiveness of instructional methods and strategies, the issues which should be considered were discussed in classroom practices, to maintain and maximize the effectiveness. Four issues on location which instructions were implemented, curriculum and teacher's role of instruction, specific skill instruction and repeated drill in class room-instructional context, use of extrinsic facilitators as reinforcement were examined. According to reviews, the directions of future research to persue the effectiveness were suggested.

장애통합어린이집 장애 영아반 특수교사 면담을 통한 학급 운영 실태 및 지원요구 : 조기개입의 주요 요소를 중심으로

박연희,조윤경 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2023 특수교육 Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the present status, difficulties, and support needs for special education teachers of classes for children under 3 years old with disabilities based on prerequisite elements of early intervention in inclusive child care and education center. Method: Three special education teachers for classes of children under 3 years old with disabilities participated individual and the group interviews in inclusive settings. Collected data were transcribed and derived through qualitative-comparative content analysis. Results: Results are as follows: First, participants answered that they managed the class as full inclusion on natural environment, family focused support, and team approach, based on prerequisite elements of early intervention. Second, participants revealed that their classes of children under 3 years old with disabilities showed not only advantages in low peer perception on disabilities, but also difficulties of achieving a high child vs. teacher ratio. They proclaimed stresses in providing assessment and counseling for parents of at-risk children under 3 years old in their classes. Third, participants tried to administrate the IFSP(Individualized Family Service Plan) with a focus on family support, but felt difficulties in psychological help and raising support at early identification stage of disabilities. Fourth, the team approach with early childhood teachers was formed at the least level. Participants needed various external and professional supports for coping the needs of children under 3 years old with disabilities. Conclusion: Based on these results, proposals for revitalizing the present status and difficulties faced by teachers for classes of children under 3 years old with disabilities were suggested. 연구목적: 본 연구는 장애통합어린이집 영아반 담당 특수교사를 중심으로 조기개입의 주요 요소들이 어떻게 반영되어서 운영되고 있는지 그 실태와 어려움 및 지원 요구를 확인함으로써, 장애통합 영아반에 대한 지원을 위한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 서울시 장애통합어린이집에서 장애 영아를 담당하는 특수교사 3명을 대상으로 개별과 집단 면담을 시행하였고, 면담 자료를 전사하고 그 내용을 질적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 장애통합어린이집에서 시행 중인 장애 영아반은 완전 통합 형태로, 조기개입의 주요 요소인 자연적인 어린이집 학급 내에서 가족 지원과 팀 접근을 중심으로 운영하고 있었다. 둘째, 자연적 환경인 통합 영아 학급에서 만 2세 일반 또래들의 장애 인식이 없는 점이 강점으로 작용하고 있었고, 주요 어려움으로 교사 대 영아 비율이 높은 것과 학급 내 장애 위험 영아에 대한 진단과 부모 상담 등의 문제도 제기되었다. 셋째, 가족중심의 IFSP를 진행하려는 노력은 하고 있으나, 장애 진단 초기여서 부모의 심리지원과 양육지원 둘 다에 어려움이 있다고 하였다. 넷째, 어린이집 내 팀 협력은 일반교사들의 지원으로 이루어지고 있으나 다양한 장애 영아의 요구에 대처하기 위해서 외부의 전문가 지원이 필요하다고 하였다. 결론: 이러한 장애통합 영아반 운영의 어려움과 지원 요구를 해결하기 위한 다각적인 지원책들이 논의되었다.

어린이집 통합학급 보육교사와 특수교사의 유·초 연계 중요도에 대한 인식 차이

김민정(Minjung Kim),조윤경(YounKyung Cho) 한국보육지원학회 2020 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Objective: In order to provide basic data that can strengthen the recognition of continuity of early childhood and primary education, early childhood education and early childhood special education teachers at inclusive child care and education settings participated in this study. Methods: The researchers conducted a survey on 192 early childhood teachers and 167 early childhood special education teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. The collected data were analyzed statistically. Results: First, early childhood special education teachers were higher than early childhood teachers statistically on the prerequisite elements of continuity. Second, early childhood education teachers were higher than early childhood special education teachers statistically regarding the prerequisite educational techniques required for continuity of early childhood and primary education. In particular, early childhood teachers put more of an emphasis on learning and sociality-communication than early childhood special education teachers did. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary that in-service education on prerequisite elements be stressed, and there be more detailed activities and education about programming and its utilization for early childhood special education teachers.

Therapeutic Effects of Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1 on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation

Kim, Kyung Eun,Houh, Younkyung,Park, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Daeho MDPI 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.2

<P>Psoriasis is a common skin disease accompanied by chronic inflammation. In previous studies, erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (ERDR1) was shown to have a negative correlation with proinflammatory cytokine IL-18. However, the role of ERDR1 in the inflammatory skin disease psoriasis has not been evaluated. In this study, to investigate the role of ERDR1 in psoriasis, recombinant ERDR1 was injected intraperitoneally into a psoriasis mouse model. Recombinant ERDR1 (rERDR1) significantly alleviated the symptoms of psoriasis-like skin inflammation and reduced the mRNA of various psoriasis-related markers, including keratin 14, S100A8, and Th17-related cytokines IL-17 and IL-22, suggesting that rERDR1 exerts therapeutic effects on psoriasis via the regulation of Th17 functions. Additionally, the expression of CCL20, a well-known Th17 attracting chemokine, was determined. CCL20 expression significantly decreased in the rERDR1-injected group compared with the vehicle (PBS)-injected group. CCR6 expression in the psoriatic lesional skin was also decreased by rERDR1 administration, implying the inhibition of CCR6-expressing Th17 cell chemotaxis via the downregulation of CCL20. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence that ERDR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.</P>

「장애아동복지지원법」시행에 따른 원장의 역할 및 장애아전문어린이집 운영변화와 개선방향

김미나 ( Mina Kim ),조윤경 ( Younkyung Cho ) 한국특수아동학회 2015 특수아동교육연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 「장애아동복지지원법」(보건복지부, 2011)의 장애아전문어린이집 지정에 따른 법제 적인 변화가 현장에서 어떠한 의미가 있고 원장의 어려움은 어떠한 것이 있으며, 법제적인 변화에 대한 어려움에도 불구하고 긍정적인 변화 기대는 무엇인지 알고자 하였다. 또한 역할과 운영변화의 개선방안은 어떠한 것이 있는지 그에 따른 지원요구는 무엇이며, 법제적인 변화에 이어 유보통합의 변화가 다가오는 시점에서 장애아전문어린이집의 추후생존과제에 대한 실질적인 방 안을 심층면담을 통해 모색해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 9개 지역 장애아전문어린이집의 원장 12 명을 대상으로 반 구조화된 면담을 실시하였고, 이를 전사하여 내용분석을 시행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 법제적인 변화에 대해 일부 원장은 단순히 명칭만 변화했다고 하였고, 또 다른 몇몇 원장은 전문성 강화에서 긍정적인 효과와 장애 영아 조기 개입 등의 새로운 역할도 예상하였다. 둘째, 원장은 교직원 인사 관리에 어려움이 있다고 응답하였다. 셋째, 아동의 부족 및 일반아동모집의 어려움으로 인한 운영비의 부담과 실질적인 현장을 고려하지 않은 시, 도청 위주의 법제정의 어려움을 토로하였다. 넷째, 장애아전문어린이집에 대한 전문성을 갖춘 어린이집으로의 사회적 인식개선의 계기가 제공되었으며, 어린이집 정원 최소인원 감축에 따른 전체 정원확보의 부담감소와 전문성을 갖춘 특수교사의 배치로 인한 교수 수준 향상 등 긍정적 변화 기대를 나타냈다.다섯째, 전문적 팀 협력을 지원하고, 교사교육과 지역 관련학과와의 연계를 통해 지역적 특수교사 수급을 하는 등의 대내외적인 어려움과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 여섯째, 장애아전문어린이집에 대한 교직원처우를 특수학교와 동등하게 개선하는 등 현실적인 운영 어려움에 대한 개선책도 제시하였다. 일곱째, 후속적 조치 강화, 지원체제강화, 특수성고려, 행정 관련 담당자 지정, 일반, 통합어린이집 지원, 지역적 지원강화로 지원요구가 나타냈다. 여덟째, 추후 과제는 각 전문가들의 협력을 통한 전문성 강화와 어린이집 내에서는 치료사 full-in시스템 도입과 각 어린이집의 특성화된 전문프로그램의 개발이 필요함을 강조하였다. 더 나아가 유보통합을 통해 동일한 의무교육 기관인 교육부의 유아특수학교와 같은 처우개선 및 지원이 이루어져야 함도 제기하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of legal change for the field which was caused by designation of specialized child care and education centers according to「Welfare Support Act for Children with Disabilities」(Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2011), the difficulties of role and management from the perspective of directors, what positive changes they expected despite the difficulty from the legal change, what the plans for the improvement, what the directors request to ease the difficulty from legal change and practical solution for the survival at this time when the upcoming consolidation of kindergarten and child care and education centers is approaching after the legal change. The subjects of this study were 12 directors and semi-structured interviews were conducted on them, after which qualitative analysis was conducted with duplicated contents. The results of the study are as follows. First, directors felt that the some legal changes were simply changes in terms and thus meaningless while they expected positive effect and new roles like early intervention in others such as fortification of the professionalism. Second, directors responded that they felt difficulty in the management of teaching personnel due to the legal change. Third, directors confessed the burdens due to shortage of children and difficulty to recruit normal children and complained that laws were enacted to fit the convenience of the city and provincial government in ignorance of the field. Fourth, directors expressed expectation that social recognition on specialized child care and education centers would change into special kindergartens and amelioration on the restriction on minimum number of children with disabilities for alleviating their loads. In addition, they had positive expectation that deployment of special teachers with professional expertise would enhance the overall level of teachers. Fifth, to relieve the difficulty of their roles, directors suggestedimprovement plans such as support of professional team cooperation etc. Sixth, for the improvement of operation, directors came up with practical solutions such as raising the wage of the teachers etc. Seventh, directors requested supports such as strengthening following actions and support system, consideration of the special traits, designation of administrative personnel in charge, support for general and integrated child care and education centers and increase of regional support. Eighth, for the survival of centers in the future, directors emphasized the exercise of professionalism by cooperation of experts, integrated approach such as full-in therapist system, and development of professional programs unique to each centers. For the upcoming consolidation of kindergartens and child care and education centers, directors also suggested treatment improvement and support as the special kindergartens supported by Ministry of Education.

장애유아 통합교육 활성화를 위한 유치원 특수교육 보조원 제도에 대한 질적 분석

신현옥(Shin Hyunok),나성식(La Sungsik),조윤경(Cho Younkyung) 한국열린유아교육학회 2005 열린유아교육연구 Vol.10 No.4

최근에 그 역할의 필요성과 중요성이 부각되고 있는 특수교육 보조원 제도의 취학 전 배치와 관련해서 그 현황과 제도 개선을 위한 현장적인 기초 자료 제공을 목적으로, 본 연구에서는 특수교육 보조원과 이들이 배치된 유치원의 특수학급교사, 통합학급교사, 원장 등에 대한 면담을 실시하여 하여 이를 질적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 특수교육 보조원 자신이나 관련 당사자들 모두 특수교육 보조원의 배치의 필요성과 활용에 대해 긍정적이었다. 그리고 특수교육 보조원은 교육인적자원부에서 제시한 교수 학습 지원ㆍ행동 문제 지원ㆍ개인 욕구 지원의 세 가지 중에서 교수 학습 지원 역할을 주로 수행하고 있었다. 그리고 관련 당사자들은 특수교육 보조원이 유아교육 환경과 장애유아 및 그 교수에 대한 이해가 사전 필수 지식과 기술면에서 필요하다고 보았고, 현재의 연수 내용이 도움이 되기는 했으나 역할 수행에는 내용적으로 부족하다고 평가하였다. 이에 대한 보완책으로 연수 시간의 증가와 함께 실습 시간의 배정 확대 및 배치 방법의 변화 등이 제안되었다. In recent, the paraprofessional system was thought as important service of special and regular education in order to implement the qualitative inclusion of preschoolers with disabilities. This study was intended to provide the basic data of present conditions and future directions of the paraprofessional system, especially in perspective of vivid voice of the educational field. The direct interview method was used to gather the informations from the significant persons-paraprofessionals, special education teachers, early childhood teachers, and directors of kindergartens. The data were analyzed by constant comparative method qualitatively. The results were as followed. First, paraprofessionals and persons who concerned evaluated positively the needs and placement of paraprofessional system. Second, the major role of paraprofessionals was instruction and learning support in special or regular class. Third, special education teachers, early childhood teachers, and directors of kindergartens answered the understanding of the early childhood education system and the characteristics of children with disabilities, and their instructional methods in inclusive settings as the prerequisite knowledge and skills to work as paraprofessionals. Fourth, the present pre-service training was helpful to the paraprofessionals, but the contents of training program was short of working as the paraprofessionals. So the expansions of the training duration and the field training rate, and the change of placement system were discussed as future alternative directions.

Erdr1 Attenuates Dermatophagoides farina Body Extract-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

Kim, Kyung Eun,Jung, Myung Jin,Houh, Younkyung,Kim, Tae Sung,Lee, Wang Jae,Yang, Yoolhee,Bang, Sa Ik,Kim, Chang Han,Kim, Heejong,Park, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Daeho Williams & Wilkins 2017 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.137 No.8

Polyphenon-60 displays a therapeutic effect on acne by suppression of TLR2 and IL-8 expression via down-regulating the ERK1/2 pathway.

Jung, Min Kyung,Ha, Soogyeong,Son, Ju-Ah,Song, Ji Hye,Houh, Younkyung,Cho, Eujin,Chun, Ji Hoon,Yoon, Suk Ran,Yang, Yoolhee,Bang, Sa Ik,Kim, Minjung,Park, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Daeho Springer-Verlag 2012 Archives of dermatological research Vol.304 No.8

<P>Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a well-known acne-inducing factor which causes inflammatory skin lesions by enhancing cytokine production through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Green tea extract catechin has been documented to possess anti-inflammatory effects. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved or any direct effect of green tea catechin on acne. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of polyphenon-60, also known as green tea catechin compound, on acne in vitro and in vivo. In a clinical study using topical polyphenon-60 treatment, acne patients showed symptomatic improvement with decrease in the number of comedos and pustules. To investigate the mechanism underlying the activity of polyphenon-60 in acne therapy, an in vitro study was performed. We found that polyphenon-60 reduced the levels of P. acnes-enhanced TLR2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in THP-1 cells, human monocyte cell line and human primary monocytes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that polyphenon-60 has a therapeutic effect on acne by suppressing inflammation, specifically by inhibiting TLR2 expression and IL-8 secretion via down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway and activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway.</P>

Spontaneous Bladder Perforation in a Patient with a Long-Term Intraurethral Catheter

Choi Taegi,Lee Hyunkyung,Kim Junseok,Lee Sunghoon,Cho Younkyung,Kang Eunyoung,Kang Jinsun,Lee Sumin,Na Eunju 대한요로생식기감염학회 2023 Urogenital Tract Infection Vol.18 No.3

Urinary catheters are commonly used to address various urinary problems. However, the catheter itself can be a cause of several complications, including catheter-associated urinary tract infections, damage to the bladder and kidneys, and, in extremely rare cases, bladder perforation. We present a case of spontaneous bladder perforation in a patient who had a long-term indwelling intraurethral catheter. The patient with prior hypoxic brain damage suddenly developed tachypnea, tachycardia, and oxygen desaturation. Computed tomography and retrograde cystography revealed an extraperitoneal bladder perforation with an intra-pelvic abscess. Antibiotics were prescribed and a urinary catheter was inserted for drainage. After 11 weeks, the abscess resolved, and the catheter was removed to enable self-voiding. The perforation was attributed to chronic inflammation and distension of the bladder wall caused by the intraurethral catheter. Given the potential complications associated with long-term urinary catheterization, the timely removal of indwelling catheters should be considered.

Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1, an Interleukin 18-Regulated Gene, Acts as a Metastasis Suppressor in Melanoma

Jung, Min Kyung,Park, Yoorim,Song, Seok Bean,Cheon, So Young,Park, Sunyoung,Houh, Younkyung,Ha, Soogyeong,Kim, Hee Jung,Park, Jung Min,Kim, Tae Sung,Lee, Wang Jae,Cho, Byung Joo,Bang, Sa Ik,Park, Hyun The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2011 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.131 No.10

Erythroid differentiation regulator (Erdr1) was first discovered in mouse leukemia cell lines and functions as a stress-related survival factor. This study investigated whether Erdr1 regulates murine melanoma progression, as well as the mechanism involved in Erdr1-regulated metastasis. The expression of Erdr1 is negatively correlated with IL-18 expression, which has a pro-cancer effect in melanoma. To study the role of Erdr1 as an anti-cancer factor, cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were measured. Erdr1 overexpression markedly inhibited the level of cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in B16F10 cells in vitro. In addition, Erdr1 overexpression significantly suppressed melanoma lung colonization, metastasis, and tumor growth in vivo. To identify the factors involved in Erdr1-reduced metastasis, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a well-known stress protein and contributor to tumor metastasis, was examined. We found that HSP90 was significantly decreased in Erdr1-overexpressing cells. Functional analysis demonstrated that HSP90 small-interfering RNA transfection reduced the migration ability and metastasis of melanoma. In conclusion, Erdr1 shows a powerful anti-metastasis effect that leads to the ability to reduce the metastatic potential of murine malignant melanoma cells. Erdr1 is an anti-metastatic factor that may be a possible therapeutic target for treatment of melanoma.