Office Building에서 실내습도가 근무자의 건강에 미치는 영향

조수헌,김헌 大韓産業醫學會 1990 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

겨울철, 효율적으로 열차단 시공이 잘 된 중앙제어식 대형 사무실 빌딩에서 실내습도가 문제될 수 있다. 특히 청정공기의 환기율이 낮은 경우에는, 오래되고 허술한 건물에서 으레 경험할 수 있는 자연환기에 의한 병원체, 알레르기 유발원인물질 및 유해 화학물질의 실내농도 감소 효과를 기대할 수 없다. 즉 재래식 건물에서는 별 문제로 여겨지지 않던 습도가 건축의 현대화, 대형화에 따라 새삼스레 실내환경의 문제로 대두되었다고 할 수 있다. 건강에 미치는 습도의 직・간접적인 영향을 고찰해 본 결과 비교습도가 40~60%일 때 인체에 미치는 부작용이 최소화 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 실내환경의 비습이 40%에 못 미치는 경우가 많은 겨울철에는 실내공기의 습도를 40% 이상되게 유지함으로써 호흡기감염, 알레르기증상, 천식 등의 질병발생을 감소시키고 또 오존 등 유해물질의 농도를 저하시킬 수 있을 것이다. 가습은 실내환경의 평균 비교습도 증가를 가져오지만 건물에 구조적 손상을 일으키거나 유해한 진드기나 곰팡이의 번식, 성장을 촉진시키므로 조심스럽게 시도되어야 한다. 가습장치의 위치와 방의 환기율 차이로 인하여 습도의 불균형 분포는 대부분의 건물에서 경험할 수 있는데, 이러한 현상은 일부 고습부위에서 건물의 외부벽에 응결현상이 일어나거나 또는 진드기, 곰팡이의 수 및 공기중 포름알데히드, 황산염, 아질산의 농도가 증가되는 원인이 될 수 있다. 또한 가습기 사용에 있어 소득 등이 적절하게 유지되지 못한 경우에는 가습기 사용에서 기대되는 효과 이상의 문제가 야기될 수 있음도 고려되어야 한다.

해부학 실습에 의한 의과대학생들의 formaldehyde 폭로 정도와 formaldehyde 과민반응에 대한 조사연구

조수현,김헌,남윤정,김용대 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1993 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.3 No.1

Formaldehyde induces not only irritation symptoms of eyes and respiratory tract but hypersensitivity reactions, such as contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. To estimate the levels of exposure to formaldehyde during cadaver dissection in anatomy laboratory and to investigate the prevalence rates of irritation symptoms, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, air concentrations of formaldehyde within cadaver dissection room were measured, and self-administrative questionnaire and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were performed upon medical(n=182) and premedical students(n=69). For measurement of air formaldehyde level, chromotropic acid method(NIOSH method 3500) was used. Formaldehyde was conjugated to human serum albumin, and used as antigen in ELISA after identification of conjugation with immunoelectrophoresis. Prevailing symptoms during cadaver dissection were soreness of eyes or throat(92.9%), lacrimation(74.3%), rhinorrhea(49.7%), and sneezing(32.2%). Mean titers of IgE and IgG antibodies specific to formaldehyde-human serum albumin conjugate(F-HSA) of medical students were higher than those of premedical students. However, there was no case whose titers of anti-F-HSA antibody were higher than the twice of those of anti-HSA antibody or higher than the twice of the mean titers of premedical students. These results suggest that medical students were exposed to relatively high concentration of formaldehyde, but few asthma or allergic rhinitis were induced by formaldehyde exposure during cadaver dissection practice.

Temporary Cement가 상아질 접착제의 접착성능에 미치는 영향

조규증,장헌수 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.2

素問·骨空論에 對한 硏究

曺基烈,鄭憲瑩,琴坰樹,朴炅 대한한의진단학회 1998 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

The text of the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) of the So Moon (素問) was written in the Kap UI Kyung (甲乙經) volume 2 chapter 2 and volume 8 chapter 1. Also it was written in the Tae So (太素) volume 10, 11 and 26. In the Shin Kyo Jung (新校正), they say that it is wriien in the Jeon Won Ki Bon (全元起本) volume 2 and 6. But Wang (王永) interpreted it in volume 16. Also it was introduced in the Ryu Kyung (類經) volume 8, 9, 21 and 22 by Jang Kae Pin (張介賓) in the Myung (明) dynasty. In Go1 Gong (骨空), Gol(骨) means bone and Gong(空) means hole. So Go1 Gong(骨空) means the holes on bone of the human body. A large number of acupuncture points in 12 meridians are located on the holes of bone, and they are playing an important part in the treatment of diseases. In Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論), many points that is choosed when we treat various diseases by acupuncture are mentioned, locations that the holes of bone are distributed in are introduced. So it is called Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) . This article of the research on the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) can be divided into 4 chapters. Summerking the contents of the Go1 Gong Ron (骨空論) in reference to the contents of successive generation note, the contents were as follows. Chapter 1 is about the way to use in treating various diseases what caused by Pung Sa (風??) and deals with the methods of locating acupoints based on a frame. Chapter 2 is written about lines that Conception Vessel (任??), Governer Vessel (????), and Throughfare Vessel (????) pass through, and pathological explanations on the diseases which are belong to those three meridians. The name of each part of the leg and the treatment corresponded to each phase of diseases of the leg are also mentioned in this chapter. Chapter 3 is concretely written about the name and position of the hole on bone of the human body. Chapter 4 deals with moxibustion therapy which we use to treat having an attack of indigestion, being bitten by dog, and feeling cold and heat in turn. Because the ancient men used acupuncture as main treatment of disease, they thought much of acupoint. A large number of acupoints are located on the holes of bone, and are playing an important part in the treatment of diseases. Therefore well understanding of Gol Gong Ron (骨空論) is very important. It is too difficult to understand the Gol Gong Ron (骨空論), because it is written in old Chinese. Consequence of above reason, the writer of this article has researched to find out the exact meaning of that.

아연 용융 도금 작업 근로자의 카드뮴 폭로 가능성에 관한 조사연구

조수헌,김헌,김선민 大韓産業醫學會 1991 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.3 No.2

A 49 year old male zinc galvanizing worker was presented under the impression of cadmium poisoning in May 1988, but there has been many controversies on the fact. To indentify his cadmium poisoning, we made physical examination and laboratory workup on his previous collegues who worked in same manufacturing process with him as an exposure group and on office-men of the same company as a control group. We reviewed his medical records, autopsy findings, and laboratory findings including cadmium level in blood, urine, and kidney. Because his blood, urine and organ cadmium levels show great variance between laboratories, validity of data of some laboratories were suspected. His autopsy finding was not correspondent to cadmium poisoning. Blood and urine cadmium level and urine β₂-microglobulin concentration corrected by urine creatinine concentration of his previous collegues were not significantly different from those of office-men. In conclusion, it is doubtful that he was cadmium-poisoned and even if he was cadmium-poisoned, occupational exposure might not be related.

장기간 Risperidone 투여후 지연성으로 발생한 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 1례

이헌정,조방현,김인,이민수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

Risperidone은 비교적 최근에 개발된 항정신병약물이며, 그것이 가진 도파민 D2 수용체와 세로토닌2 수용체를 차단하는 작용기전, 추체외로 부작용과 지연성 운동장애가 적다는 점, 정신분열병의 음성증상에도 효과가 있다는 점에서 흔히 비전형적 약물로 불리운다. 그러나 이러한 비전형성에도 불구하고, 이미 전세계적으로는 15개 정도의 risperidone에 의한 신경이완제 악성증후군(neuroleptic malignant syndrome : NMS)의 보고가 있으며. 국내에서도 최근 하나의 증례가 보고되었다. 저자들은 정신분열병으로 장기간 risperidone으로 치료받던 젊은 남자 환자에서 치료 1년 9개월만에 발생된 NMS 1례를 경험하였기에 관련문헌의 고찰과 더불어 증례보고하고자 한다. Risperidone is a relatively new antipsychotic agent. It is often referred to as 'atypical', because it has a mechanism of action that blocks post synaptic dopamine-2 and serotonin-2 receptors, it is associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects, it is not yet associated with tardive dyskinesia, and it may have some efficacy on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In despite of its 'atypical' nature, there are already more than 15 reports of risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Only one case of risperidone-induced NMS was reported recently in Korea. We report one case of delayed risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome in young male patient and review the related articles.

한국인 체내 카드뮴 농도의 기하평균치와 참고치의 추정에 관한 연구

김헌,조수헌 大韓産業醫學會 1991 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Geometric means, geometric standard deviations, and upper limits of the normal cadmium level(reference values) among Koreans were estimated from the arithmetic means and standard deviations reported in the previous studies on tissue cadmium levels of healthy Koreans. Geometric mean and reference value of blood cadmium level estimated from data of 3386 persons, were 1.56㎍/dl and 13.4㎍/dl, respectively and those were higher than those from studies of foreign countries available. Estimated geometic mean and reference value of urine cadmium level, derived from 2870 persons' data, were 1.044 ㎍/1 and 6.425㎍/1, respectively. In case of scalp hair cadmium level of 2126 Koreans, were 0.283 ㎍/g and, 1.34 ㎍/g, and significantly lower than those of the other country. In kidney tissue and liver tissue, estimated geometric means were 20.89 ㎍/g wet tissue and 1.58㎍/g wet tissue, respectively and reference values were estimated 44.68 ㎍/g wet tissue and 4.02 ㎍/g wet tissue, respectively.

사지 체벽 복합기형 1례

우종진,조석재,박소정,박재복,김용진,조경일,이헌수 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

Limb body wall complex(LBWC) has been included in the spectrum of defects seen in early amnion rupture sequence. LBWC is a complicated fetal malformation with essential features of exencephaly or encephaloceles associated with facial clefts, lateral body wall defects with evisceration of organs, and limb defects. Our case is characterized by the absence of craniofacial anomalies and normal development of urogenital system comparing with other repoerted cases. We present a case of LBWC with a brief review of the literatures.

저농도 복합유기용제 폭로 근로자의 주관적 자각증상에 관한 연구

김선민,조수헌,임현술,김헌 大韓産業醫學會 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The subjective symptoms related to long-term exposure to a mixture of organic solvents were investigated in a comparison. Of the test results of 64 workers in the paint manufacturing industry with those of a reference group. The organic solvent concentration in the air of the paint manufacturing factory was significantly higher than wire manufacturing factory, but only one of them exceeded reference value. The mean concentration of hippuric acid in urine of the manual workers in the paint factory was significantly higher than that of the clerical workers, but not than that of the manual workers in wire factory. Of the paint manufacturing manual workers, seven persons exceeded reference value(1.0mg/l), but no one of the clerical workers and coil manufacturing manual workers. Of the subjective symptoms, 'nasal irritation', 'drunken feeling', 'heartburn' 'unusual smell' 'dizziness' and 'headache' during work, and 'heaviness in the head' 'headache' 'difficulty in hearing' 'ringing in ears' 'decrease in muscle power of the extremities' 'decreased libido', 'dizziness', 'muddle headedness', 'decrease in sense of smell', 'numbness on extrimities', 'abnormal sensation on extrimities', 'tremor in extrimities', 'poor appetite', 'dry mouth', 'general weekness' and 'fainting on sudden stand-up' in daily life were complained in higher proportion of the higher in paint manufactring workers.

급성 일산화탄소 폭로가 백서 뇌조직의 immediate early gene, c-fos의 발현에 미치는 영향

하미나,김헌,조수헌,권호장 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

The c-fos, an immediate early gene homologous to viral oncogene v-fos, controls protein expression of cells as a DNA transcription factor. Carbon monoxide(CO) may induce tissue hypoxia and neurotoxicity and play an important role in cell signal transduction as a retrograde messenger. However, little is known about the effects of CO on expressions of immediate early genes. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of CO on c-fos expression, and to compare the effects to those of hypoxia in rat brain. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (CO, hypoxic, and ambient air groups), and then exposed to 4,000 ppm CO, 10% O₂-90% N₂gas, or ambient air for 30 minutes, respectively. Immediately, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after exposure, rat brains were excised and cerebral cortexes, corpus striata, hippocampuses, and cerebellums were separated. Northern blots for c-fos were performed, and GAPDH expression levels were checked as an internal control of total mRNA expression. The c-fos band densities increased till 30 or 45 minutes after exposure. and thereafter decreased. The expression levels of c-fos did not increase in hippocampuses and carebellums, but in cerebral cortexes and corpus striata of hypoxic and CO-exposed groups. In corpus striata of the CO-exposed group, further increase of c-fos expression levels was observed in comparison with the hypoxic group. These findings suggest that the effects of hypoxia and CO are different by the anatomical sites in brain, and CO is involved in signal transduction in corpus striatum, but not in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum within 2 hours after exposure to CO.