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이초아,이경록,조정원 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-
Skin whitening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes in order to obtain a lighter skin appearance. They are also utilized for clinical treatment of pigmentary disorders such as melasma or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Whitening agents act at diverse levels of melanin synthesis in the skin. Many of them are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Others inhibit the transformation of this activated enzyme or the transport of melanosomes from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes. To avoid systemic absorption, whitening agent is need to create optimal formulation such as liposome, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and NLC (Nanostructure liquid crystal) as well as patch. Functional ingredients and innovative delivery systems are driving the new product development in the field of cosmetics. In this review we present an overview of whitening products that may decrease skin pigmentation by their interference with the pigmentary processes and may formulate cosmetic delivery systems possessing potential as smarter carrier systems.
Association Between Obesity and BRAFV600E Mutation Status in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Lee, Jandee,Lee, Cho Rok,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Kang, Sang-Wook,Jeong, Jong Ju,Shin, Dong Yeob,Nam, Kee-Hyun,Jung, Sang Geun,Lee, Eun Jig,Chung, Woong Youn,Jo, Young Suk Springer - Society of Surgical Oncology 2015 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.22 No.suppl3
A Review of Active Surveillance of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Cho Rok Lee 대한내분비외과학회 2022 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.22 No.1
The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased remarkably over the past few decades. Given the indolent nature of PTC, active surveillance (AS) has been suggested as an alternative management option to immediate surgery in the management of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). While there is conflicting evidence regarding potential risk factors for disease progression, many groups have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of AS and proposed risk stratification, which can help to select appropriate patients. This review aims to summarize the data regarding low-risk PTMC as well as important considerations of AS.
Is familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma more aggressive than sporadic form?
Cho Rok Lee,Seulkee Park,Sang-Wook Kang,Jandee Lee,Jong Ju Jeong,Kee-Hyun Nam,Woong Youn Chung,Cheong Soo Park 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.92 No.3
Purpose: With the increasing incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (FPTMC) is now recognized more frequently. However, the biological behavior of FPTMC is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of FPTMC and its biological aggressiveness. Methods: Between March 2006 and July 2010, 2,414 patients underwent primary surgical therapy for PTMC and 149 (6.2%) were further classified as FPTMC. To determine the biological aggressiveness of FPTMC, we compared the clinicopathological features and prognosis between FPTMC and sporadic PTMC (SPTMC). Results: The male-to-female ratio was higher in FPTMC than in sporadic papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (SPTMC: 1:4.5 vs. 1:7.2, P = 0.041). The central lymph node (LN) metastasis rate was significantly higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (36.2% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.002). The local recurrence rate was also higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (4.5% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001). We identified familial occurrence in 6.2% of cases of PTMC. FPTMC is associated with a high rate of central LN metastasis and local recurrence. Conclusion: These findings suggest that close follow-up can be beneficial in FPTMC patients to detect local recurrence.
Cho Rok Lee,Sohee Lee,Haiyoung Son,Eunjeong Ban,Sang-Wook Kang,Jandee Lee,Jong Ju Jeong,Kee-Hyun Nam,Woong Youn Chung,Cheong Soo Park 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.91 No.6
Purpose: The objective of this study was to review the clinical outcome and prognosis of patients with sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) who were treated at a single tertiary hospital in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case files of 85 patients treated from August 1982 to February 2012. Results: In all, 65 patients (76.5%) had sporadic MTC and 20 patients (23.5%) had hereditary MTC. Patients in the sporadic group were older than in the hereditary group (P < 0.001). However, the hereditary group had more tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001) and bilaterality (P < 0.001). Neither survival rate was significantly different between the sporadic and hereditary groups (P = 0.775 and P = 0.866). By multivariate analysis, distant metastasis was a significant prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival. Conclusion: In general, patients with MTC have favorable outcomes. Distant metastasis appears to be the strongest predictor of overall and progression-free survival.