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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COOLING TECHNIQUES ON DRAUGHT CAPACITY OF BUFFALO
Bunyavejchewin, P.,Kaewsomprasong, K.,Chotemethepirom, S.,Tanta-ngai, B.,Tajima, A.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.2
Four male swamp buffaloes weighing $460.5{\pm}44.6kg$ were used to study the effects of different cooling techniques on draught capacity. Each animal carted an 882 kg load on the same asphalt road for one hour during four different time periods: 9:00-10:00 A.M., 10:30-11:30 A.M., 2:00-3:00 P.M. and 3:30-4:30 P.M. Simultaneously, all animals were subjected to five different treatments on five days of similar environmental conditions. In Treatment 1, animals were put stationary in a field and did no work; in Treatment 2, animals were worked without any cooling method; in Treatment 3, fifteen-minute wallow was allowed to animals prior to working; in Treatment 4, animals were covered with wetted jute bags while working, and in Treatment 5, two buckets of water were poured over the buffaloes' trunks just prior to working. The experiment was conducted from April to July 1989, when the weather was very hot. It was found that cooling methods and working times did not affect the draught efficiency of buffaloes during the one hour, but did affect physiological traits. The work load had a larger partial effect on physiological responses of buffalo other than respiration rate than did climatic variables except on the respiration rate of the buffaloes. One cooling technique that seemed to slow the increase of body temperature while working was covering the buffalo's back with wetted jute bags. Animals working at different times had significant differences in the increase of physiological traits except pulse rate.
Design and Development of an Open Architecture CNC Controller for Milling Machine Retrofitting
Kittipong Ekkachai,Udom Komin,Wuttikorn Chaopramualkul,Apicit Tantaworrasilp,Phanuphan Kwansud,Pongsakorn Seekhao,Teesid Leelasawassuk,Kamonwan Tanta-Ngai,Kanokvate Tungpimolrut 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Most Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines used in Thai industry are imported. With regular maintenance, these CNC machines could last up to 10 years. After that, the owners would either purchase a new machine or upgrade the old model; the later process is widely known as “retrofitting.” However, purchasing a new CNC machine is a big financial burden for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) whereas retrofitting usually do not cost much less because most CNC machines are developed based on closed technology. In addition, many models are discontinued after 10 years of service making retrofitting even more costly or nearly impossible. Such problem also permeates educational institutes such as Thai Vocational Technical Colleges, which usually own 5-10 CNC milling and turning machines per institute; that amounts to 400 machines in total that need retrofitting after 10 years of usage. Most of these machines require new industrial motion control cards which had been long discontinued. Hence, an industrial grade CNC motion control prototype system based on open architecture and modular technologies has been developed as a pioneer research project for retrofitting old milling machines for Vocational Technical Colleges.