Multi-stage magmatic plumbing system of the volcano: A case study from Ulleung Island, South Korea

Chen, Shuang-Shuang,Lee, Seung-Gu,Lee, Tae Jong,Lee, Youn-Soo,Liu, Jia-Qi Elsevier 2018 Lithos Vol.314 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The multi-stage magmatic plumbing system beneath the Ulleung, Dokdo, and Oki-Dogo Island has attracted considerable attention but has seldom been investigated in detail. Herein, we present a comprehensive geochemical analysis of volcanic rocks sampled at the Ulleung Island, including whole–rock major and trace elements as well as Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. Late Cenozoic alkaline volcanic rocks from the Ulleung Island are commonly divided into basaltic rocks (tephrite basanite and basalt) and acidic rocks (trachyte and rhyolite) based on the large petrologic and geochemical variations. All rocks are significantly enriched in light rare-earth elements (REEs) and large-ion lithophile elements and relatively depleted in heavy REEs. The acidic rocks have slightly enriched <SUP>87</SUP>Sr/<SUP>86</SUP>Sr and ε<SUB>Nd</SUB> ratios (0.704895–0.705173; −2.48 to −1.91) and distinctly negative Ba, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti anomalies relative to the basaltic rocks (0.704733–0.705006, -2.61– -1.17). A multi-stage magma evolution model was finally developed beneath the Ulleung, Dokdo, and Oki-Dogo Island, characterized by at least two magma reservoirs at different depths approximately ranging between 20 and 100 km. These ascending magmas were retained in a shallower reservoir for ~1.0, ~0.5, and ~4.5 Ma, respectively, prior to eruptions with significant crystal fractionation. Mantle-derived basaltic melts either directly travelled to the surface to erupt as tephrite-basanite and basalt, or were stagnated in shallower reservoirs where they differentiated into acidic magma to erupt as trachyte and rhyolite. The Late Cenozoic Korean Peninsula basalts are mainly divided into two groups, i.e., the depleted mantle (DM) and enriched mantle 1 (EM1) mixing trend beneath the Ulleung and Dokdo Island, and the DM-EM2 mixing connection beneath the Jeju Island, which likely indicates the traversed boundary beneath Korean Peninsula that represents a simple lateral continuation of the boundary between the southeast and northeast China Blocks.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We present new geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes for Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Ulleung Island. </LI> <LI> Ulleung Island was formed by multi-stage magma evolving model with two magma reservoirs at different depths. </LI> <LI> The Ulleung magma was retained in shallower reservoir for ~1.0 Ma prior to eruption with significant crystal fractionation. </LI> <LI> Mantle-derived basaltic melts were stagnated in shallower reservoir where they differentiated into acidic magma. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

시간매개형 프랙탈로서 줄리아 집합의 생성패턴 및 형태에 관한 연구

진상상(Chen, Shuang Shuang) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 Microsoft Visual C ++프로그램을 이용해서 시간매개형 알고리즘(Escape-time algorithm)으로 줄리아 집합을 생성하여 통제변수(Control parameters)인 ‘탈출시간 K ’, ‘탈출반경 M’, ‘복상수 C’가 줄리아 집합의 생성패턴에 대한 영향을 분석하는 동시에 줄리아 집합의 형태 특성을 탐구한다. 복잡한 현상과 간단한 규칙 사이에 과학과 예술의 교량 역할을 하는 디지털 디자인이 시각예술 분야에 응용과 실현을 촉진하는 동시에 디자인의 폭을 넓히고자 한다. 본고의 연구 방법은 문헌연구 및 실험연구를 진행하였다. 2장에서는 ‘시간’의 개념을 고찰하여, 예술에서 ‘시간’의 의미를 살펴본다. 이를 토대로 디지털 시대에서 ‘시간’의 역할과 중요성을 해석한다. 3장은 본론의 전개를 위한 것으로서, 프랙탈의 개념 및 분류를 규명하고, 줄리아 집합의 정의 및 통제변수를 고찰한다. 4장에서는 시간매개형 프랙탈로서 줄리아 집합의 생성패턴과 통제변수의 수치적 상관성을 알아보기 위해 시간매개형 알고리즘을 분명히 파악하며, Microsoft Visual C ++프로그램을 이용하여 ‘탈출시간 K’, ‘탈출반경 M’, ‘복상수 C’가 줄리아 집합의 생성패턴에 미치는 영향을 실험 분석한다. 5장에서는 줄리아 집합의 형태적 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 본고의 연구 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시간매개형 알고리즘으로 생성된 줄리아 집합과 통제변수인 ‘탈출시간 K’, ‘탈출반경 M’, ‘복상수 C’의 수치와 밀접한 관계가 있어서, 통제변수의 변화에 따라 줄리아 집합의 생성패턴도 변화한다. 둘째, 시간매개형 알고리즘으로 생성된 줄리아 집합은 자기유사성, 대칭성, 내포성, 무작위성의 형태적 특성이 드러낸다. In this paper, the Microsoft Visual C ++ software was used to generate the Julia Set with the Escape time algorithm to analyze the influence of the control parameters Escape-time k, Escape radius mand Complex constant c on the morphology of the Julia Set, and to discuss its morphological characteristics. And this paper intended to build a scientific and artistic connection between complex phenomena and simple rules, so as to promote the application and practice of the concept of digital design in the field of art design and guide the development of design thinking. The research methods of this paper are based on literature research method and experimental research method. The second chapter examined the concept of time and identified the expression form of time in art, and then analyzed the role and importance of time in the digital age. The third chapter introduced and expressed the concept of fractal and its classification, and to examine the definition of the Julia Set, so as to lay a foundation for the detailed description in the following context. The chapter 4 elaborated the generation mode of the Julia Set and the numerical correlation between it and the control parameters, so as to clearly grasp the escape time algorithm, and to use the Microsoft Visual C ++ software to perform an experimental analysis on the influence of the control parameters Escape-time K, Escape radius M and Complex constant C on the morphology of the Julia Set. The fifth chapter elaborated the morphological characteristics of the Julia Set. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows: Firstly, the Julia Set generated by the Escape-time algorithm is closely related to the Escape-time K, Escape radius M and the Complex constant C, and the change of each parameter will change the morphology of the Julia Set. Secondly, Julia Set generated by escape time algorithm has self-similarity, symmetry, nestedness, randomness and other morphological characteristics.

Neural correlates of the popular music phenomenon: evidence from functional MRI and PET imaging

Chen, Qiaozhen,Zhang, Ying,Hou, Haifeng,Du, Fenglei,Wu, Shuang,Chen, Lin,Shen, Yehua,Chao, Fangfang,Chung, June-key,Zhang, Hong,Tian, Mei Springer-Verlag 2017 European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular Vol.44 No.6

<P>Popular music Gangnam Style can arouse pleasure experience and strong emotional response. The left putamen is positively correlated with the mood arousal level score under the Gangnam Style condition. Our results revealed characteristic patterns of brain activity associated with Gangnam Style, and may also provide more general insights into the music-induced emotional processing.</P>

Dexmedetomidine promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through hepatic stellate cell activation

Chen Peng,Luo Xiaojun,Dai Guanqi,Jiang Yuchuan,Luo Yue,Peng Shuang,Wang Hao,Xie Penghui,Qu Chen,Lin Wenyu,Hong Jian,Ning Xue,Li Aimin 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an anesthetic that is widely used in the clinic, and it has been reported to exhibit paradoxical effects in the progression of multiple solid tumors. In this study, we sought to explore the mechanism by which DEX regulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression underlying liver fibrosis. We determined the effects of DEX on tumor progression in an orthotopic HCC mouse model of fibrotic liver. A coculture system and a subcutaneous xenograft model involving coimplantation of mouse hepatoma cells (H22) and primary activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) were used to study the effects of DEX on HCC progression. We found that in the preclinical mouse model of liver fibrosis, DEX treatment significantly shortened median survival time and promoted tumor growth, intrahepatic metastasis and pulmonary metastasis. The DEX receptor (ADRA2A) was mainly expressed in aHSCs but was barely detected in HCC cells. DEX dramatically reinforced HCC malignant behaviors in the presence of aHSCs in both the coculture system and the coimplantation mouse model, but DEX alone exerted no significant effects on the malignancy of HCC. Mechanistically, DEX induced IL-6 secretion from aHSCs and promoted HCC progression via STAT3 activation. Our findings provide evidence that the clinical application of DEX may cause undesirable side effects in HCC patients with liver fibrosis.

Factors for Postoperative Gallstone Occurrence in Patients with Gastric Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Chen, Xiang-Jun,Li, Nian,Huang, Ying-De,Ren, Shuang,Liu, Fang,Chen, Lian,Wang, Yong,Chen, Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy. Methods: To identify documents published from 1990 to 2011 the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Springer Link, CBM and WanFang databases were searched and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2 software for odds ratios and 95%CIs. Results: Fifteen studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs [95%CIs] were 0.56 [0.43, 0.73], (P<0.0001) for digestive tract reconstruction, 0.80 [0.54, 1.17], (P=0.25) for pylorus preservation, 0.33[0.15, 0.75], (P=0.008) for resection scope of stomach, 0.33 [0.15, 0.75], (P=0.008) for lymphadenectomy, and 0.13 [0.05, 0.33], (P<0.0001) for vagotomy. Conclusions: Digestive tract physical reconstruction and vagus nerve preservation can reduce the morbidity of gallstones after gastrectomy. Total gastrectomy can add to the morbidity of galltones as does increasing the degree of lymph node dissection. There was no significant difference in gallstones with or without pylorus preservation.

Research on Arch Effect and CFRP Strengthening Effect of RC Beams with Corroded Stirrups

Shuang Chen,Haibo Lyu,Lei Wang,Xin Zhang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.12

In many cases the corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered to be the main reason that leads to the deterioration of the bond between steel reinforcement and concrete and causes the failure of members. However, stirrups with smaller diameter are more likely to get rusted and it is more difficult to find corrosion expansion cracks on the surface of concrete. Then the function of stirrups to restrict longitudinal bar from slipping will be weakened, which alters the mechanical properties and failure mode of corroded Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. In this paper, the influence of corrosion of stirrups and the effect of strengthening corroded RC beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets were studied. The corrosion rate for each group varied between 0% to 18% which represented mass loss of the longitudinal steel reinforcement on the tension side. The longitudinal reinforcement of beams in Group A was not wrapped by the stirrups in order to simulate the situation that the stirrups were seriously corroded and lost their function. Beams of Group B were corroded control beams. Beams of Group C were corroded and then repaired by applying longitudinal CFRP sheets at the bottom and additional U-shaped CFRP sheets around the cross-section. Test results showed that the corrosion of stirrups had a detrimental effect on strength as well as the bond stress between steel bars and concrete. The mechanical mode of experimental beams tended to act like an arch. The greater the corrosion rate was, the more obvious the arch effect was. In addition, combining longitudinal and U-shaped CFRP sheets enhanced the ultimate load by an average of 56.5% of corroded RC beams. However, because of the longitudinal cracks, the strengthening effect of CFRP was much diminished when the corrosion rate was particularly high.

Method Based on Sparse Signal Decomposition for Harmonic and Inter-harmonic Analysis of Power System

Chen, Lei,Zheng, Dezhong,Chen, Shuang,Han, Baoru The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

Harmonic/inter-harmonic detection and analysis is an important issue in power system signal processing. This paper proposes a fast algorithm based on matching pursuit (MP) sparse signal decomposition, which can be employed to extract the harmonic or inter-harmonic components of a distorted electric voltage/current signal. In the MP iterations, the method extracts harmonic/inter-harmonic components in order according to the spectrum peak. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and nonlinear optimization techniques are used in the decomposition to realize fast and accurate estimation of the parameters. First, the frequency estimation value corresponding to the maxim spectrum peak in the present residual is obtained, and the phase corresponding to this frequency is searched in discrete sinusoids dictionary. Then the frequency and phase estimations are taken as initial values of the unknown parameters for Nelder-Mead to acquire the optimized parameters. Finally, the duration time of the disturbance is determined by comparing the inner products, and the amplitude is achieved according to the matching expression of the harmonic or inter-harmonic. Simulations and actual signal tests are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

The role of oxygen species in the selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane over VOx/TS-1 catalyst

Shuang Chen,Xinbin Ma 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.45 No.-

VOx-based catalysts showed good performance in selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane(DMM). For VOx/TS-1 catalyst, the experiments of Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction (TPSR), insitu Infrared spectrometer (in situ IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out toinvestigate the products distribution of the methanol oxidation reaction and the adsorb-desorptionprocess at active centers. Furthermore, the role of oxygen species during the reaction process over VOx/TS-1 catalyst and the surface reaction mechanism was explored.

Abbreviated MRI Protocols for Detecting Breast Cancer in Women with Dense Breasts

Shuang-Qing Chen,Min Huang,Yu-Ying Shen,Chen-Lu Liu,Chuan-Xiao Xu 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the validity of two abbreviated protocols (AP) of MRI in breast cancer screening of dense breast tissue. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study in 356 participants with dense breast tissue and negative mammography results. The study was approved by the Nanjing Medical University Ethics Committee. Patients were imaged with a full diagnostic protocol (FDP) of MRI. Two APs (AP-1 consisting of the first post-contrast subtracted [FAST] and maximum-intensity projection [MIP] images, and AP-2 consisting of AP-1 combined with diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI]) and FDP images were analyzed separately, and the sensitivities and specificities of breast cancer detection were calculated. Results: Of the 356 women, 67 lesions were detected in 67 women (18.8%) by standard MR protocol, and histological examination revealed 14 malignant lesions and 53 benign lesions. The average interpretation time of AP-1 and AP-2 were 37 seconds and 54 seconds, respectively, while the average interpretation time of the FDP was 3 minutes and 25 seconds. The sensitivities of the AP-1, AP-2, and FDP were 92.9, 100, and 100%, respectively, and the specificities of the three MR protocols were 86.5, 95.0, and 96.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three MR protocols in the diagnosis of breast cancer (p > 0.05). However, the specificity of AP-1 was significantly lower than that of AP-2 (p = 0.031) and FDP (p = 0.035), while there was no difference between AP-2 and FDP (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The AP may be efficient in the breast cancer screening of dense breast tissue. FAST and MIP images combined with DWI of MRI are helpful to improve the specificity of breast cancer detection.

Prognostic Value of CD44 Variant exon 6 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Zhao, Shuang,He, Jin-Lan,Qiu, Zhi-Xin,Chen, Nian-Yong,Luo, Zhuang,Chen, Bo-Jiang,Li, Wei-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Background: CD44v6 (CD44 variant exon 6) is the chief CD44 variant isoform regulating tumor invasion, progression, and metastasis. The prognostic value of CD44v6 expression in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been evaluated in many studies, but the results have remained controversial. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of currently available studies to investigate the prognostic value of CD44v6 expression in NSCLC patients and the relationship between the expression of CD44v6 and clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: Two independent reviewers searched the relevant literature in Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1946 to January 2014. Overall survival (OS) and various clinicopathological features were collected from included studies. This meta-analysis was accomplished using STATA 12.0 and Revman 5.2 software. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to estimate the effects. Results: A total of 921 NSCLC patients from ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that CD44v6 high expression was a prognostic factor for poor survival (HR=1.91, 95%CI=1.12-3.26, p<0.05). With respect to clinicopathological features, CD44v6 high expression was related to histopathologic type (squamous cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma: OR=2.72, 95%CI=1.38-5.38, p=0.004), and lymph node metastasis (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.93-4.72, p<0.00001). Conclusions: Our results suggested CD44v6 high expression as a poor prognostic factor for NSCLC, and CD44v6 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and histopathologic type. Therefore, CD44v6 expression can be used as a novel prognostic marker in NSCLC cases.