Altered Regulation of Renal Acid Base Transporters in Response to Ammonium Chloride Loading in Rats

Kim, Eun-Young,Choi, Joon-Seok,Lee, Ko-Eun,Kim, Chang-Seong,Bae, Eun-Hui,Ma, Seong-Kwon,Kim, Suhn-Hee,Lee, Jong-Un,Kim, Soo-Wan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.2

The role of the kidney in combating metabolic acidosis has been a subject of considerable interest for many years. The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of renal acid base transporters in acute and chronic acid loading. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Metabolic acidosis was induced by administration of $NH_4Cl$ for 2 days (acute) and for 7days (chronic). The serum and urinary pH and bicarbonate were measured. The protein expression of renal acid base transporters [type 3 $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 $Na^+/{HCO_3}^-$ cotransporter (NBC1), Na-$K^+$ ATPase, $H^+$-ATPase, anion exchanger-1 (AE-1)] was measured by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Serum bicarbonate and pH were decreased in acute acid loading rats compared with controls. Accordingly, urinary pH decreased. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase, AE-1 and NBC1 was not changed. In chronic acid loading rats, serum bicarbonate and pH were not changed, while urinary pH was decreased compared with controls. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase was increased in the renal cortex of chronic acid loading rats. These results suggest that unaltered expression of acid transporters combined with acute acid loading may contribute to the development of acidosis. The subsequent increased expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase in the kidney may play a role in promoting acid excretion in the later stage of acid loading, which counteract the development of metabolic acidosis.

고혈당증과 신적출 후 신증의 실험적 흰쥐 모형에서 신사구체의 형태계측학적 연구 - 사구체 경화증의 발달 과정과 기전에 관한 연구 -

심영웅 ( Young Woong Shim ),설미영 ( Mee Young Sol ),이경민 ( Kyeong Min Lee ),최경운 ( Kyung Un Choi ),김지연 ( Jee Yeon Kim ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ),박도윤 ( Do Youn Park ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),서강석 ( Kang Suek Suh ) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.6

목적 : 당뇨병의 가장 흔한 합병증의 당뇨병성 신중에서 현저한 조직 변화인 사구체의 섬유화와 이와 유사한 조직 소견을 보이는 다른 질병들과의 관련성 및 섬유화 기전의 기전의 일단을 밝히기 위하여 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 당뇨병성 신증과 신 조직 일부 소실 후 발생하는 신 적출 후 신증, 생리적 노령화로 인한 사구체 섬유화 등에서 섬유화가 일어나는 시기와 부위, 섬유화의 정도와 시간 경과에 따른 변화 등을 조사하기 위하여 실험 동물 모형을 이용하여 형태계측학적 연구를 하였다. 수컷 Sprague-Dowley (이하 S-D) 흰쥐에 streptozotocin을 꼬리 정맥으로 투여하여 당뇨병성 신증 모델을 만들고, S-D 백서의 우측 신장을 절제하여 과여과 모형을 만들었다. 시술 후 일정 기간이 지난 후 시기별로 희생시켜 Sirius red 염색 표본을 만들어 시구체 단면적과 실질의 섬유화 정도를 측정하고, 전자현미경으로 얻은 사구체 소견에서 메산지움 기질의 면적, 사구체 기저막의 두께, 근위우곡세뇨관 기저막의 두께 등을 조사하였다. 이들에서 질병 시기에 따른 변화, 두 실험군 사이의 차이, 정상 대조군 및 생리적 노화 대조군과의 차이 등을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 당뇨병성 신증 모델에서 사구체 단면적은 실험8주 이후 24주까지 전 예에서 정상 대조군에 비해 크기가 의의있게 증가하였고 신 실질과 사구체 내의 섬유화는 실험 2주 째부터 대조군에 비해 의의있는 교원질 양의 증가가 있었다. 사구체 기저막은 streptozotocin 투여 1주에 희생시킨 군에서도 의의있는 두께의 증가가 있었고, 세뇨관 기저막도 3주에 측정한 군에서부터 현저한 두께의 증가가 있었다. 우측신 절제를 시행한 모형에서 사구체 평면적은 실험 7주군에서 커진 소견이 나타났고 16주 이후의 군대에서는 현저한 크기의 증가 소견이 있었다. 신실질과 사구체의 교원질 염색 소견에서 2주 이후 전 기간에 걸쳐 교원질 양의 증가가 있었고, 사구체 기저막과 세뇨관 기저막 두께는 술 후 2주에 희생시킨 군부터 두께가 의의있게 증가하였다. 생리적 노화과정을 거친 군에서도 사구체의 섬유화가 나타났는데 당뇨병 모형과 신적출 모형에 비해 그 정도는 덜하였다. 당뇨병 모형과 신적출 모형 사이의 사구체 조직 변화는 실험 기간이 긴 군들에서 사구체 평면적의 크기, 교원질 양의 증가, GBM과 TBM의 두께 등이 두 군 모두 현저한 증가를 보였고 신적출 모형에서 실험 최종 기간이 같지 않아 실험 수치의 비교가 의미가 없을 것으로 생각된다. 결 론 : 이상의 성적에 의거하면 신사구체와 간질의 섬유화, GBM과 TBM의 두께 증가는 당뇨병성 신증만의 특징적인 조직 변화는 아니고 신 실질 일부 소실이 일어나는 사구체 질환에서 공통적으로 일어나는 소견이다. 그러므로 본 연구의 대상이 된 당뇨병성 신중, 신적출 후 신증, 그리고 생리적 노화 과정 등에서 공통적으로 나타나는 사구체 모세관의 혈역동학적 변화가 사구체의 섬유화에 병인기전을 밝히는데 중요한 요소가 될 것으로 사료된다. Objective :Diabetic nephropathy and ablation nephropathy are characterized by sclerotic processes in the glomeruli. To elucidate the site, degree and time-honored changes of glomerular sclerosis, morphometric analysis was performed using the experimental animals models. Methods : The animals used were male Sprague-Dowley rats and separated into 4 groups as young mormal control, old control, streptozotocin-injected group, and right nephrectornized group. Chronologically kidney specimens were obtained after each treatment and processed to evaluated histologic changes. To evaluated the glomerular area, interstitial fibrosis and glomerular tuft fibrosis, the kidney specimens were fixed in Buin`s solution, paraffin-embedded and 2 ㎛ sections were Sirius red stained. To study the mesangial area, mesangial matrix area, glomerular basement membrane, and tubular basement membrane, the specimens were fixed in 2,5% glutaraldehyde, epon-embedded, double-stained and examined under the transmission electron microscope. All the specimens were analyzed morphometrically using the Image Pro Plus software. The obtained morphometric data were statistically analyzed to evaluate the differences of fibrotic processes and degree between experimental groups. Results : Diabetic group revealed statistically significant increase of glomerular area from 8th week after streptozotocin injection to 24th week of experimental date. The parenchymal fibrosis and glomerular tuft fibrosis was prominent from the 2nd week of injection and steadily increased until the end of experimental date. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane was significantly increased even at the first week of injection and the tubular basement membrane also increased in thickness at the 3rd week of experiment. Ablation nephropathy model made by right nephrectomy showed increased glomerular area at the 7th week of ablation and the degree were intensified after 16th week of experimental date. The amount of stainable collagen in the renal parenchyme and glomerular tuft increased in the second week kidney sample and steadily increased thereafter until the end of experimental date. The increase of thickness of GBM and TBM also started to appear at the second week of operation. The old control also revealed fibrosis but the degree was less than the diabetic and ablation groups. Both diabetic and ablation nephropathy groups exhibited extensive increase of glomerular area, stainable collagen, thickness of GBM and TBM at the end of experimental date and the ablation group revealed more extensive evidences of fibrosis without statistical significance. Comparison between the experimental groups were meaningless because the duration of the experimental manipulation was not the same. Conclusion: Glomerular and renal interstitial sclerosis and thickening of GBM and TBM are not the specific lesions of the diabetic glomerulopathy and are the common histologic changes occur in the kidney of partial parenchymal loss of any etiology. And it is suggested by this study that the common hemodynamic change involving the diabetic nephropathy, ablation nephropathy and physiologic aging is one of the important pathogenetic factors of glomerular sclerosis.

T₃and T₄Response to the Amygdaloid Electrical Stimulation and Coagulation

Choi, Chang Rak,Song, Jin Un CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1979 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.7 No.1

The changes on serum T_3 and T_4 levels with lesions by radiofrequency stimulation or coagulation in corticomedial and basolateral amygdalar nuclear groups in dogs were studied. Results indicate the lesions placed only in the medial amygdalar nuclei significantly increased or decreased in serum T_3 and T_4 level according to radiofrequency stimulation or destruction respectively, while lesions made in the basolateral nuclear area was not effective in producing any changes in T_3 and T_4 level in dogs.

Expression Levels of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Genes and Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Agastache rugosa Flowers at Different Developmental Stages

Chang Ha Park(박창하),Ye Eun Park(박예은),Ga Hee Choi(최가희),Sang Un Park(박상언) 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.2

Functional Evaluation of GJB2 Variants in Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss

Choi, Soo-Young,Lee, Kyu Yup,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Kim, Hyo-Kyeong,Chang, Qing,Park, Hong-Joon,Jeon, Chang-Jin,Lin, Xi,Bok, Jinwoong,Kim, Un-Kyung Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.) 2011 Molecular medicine Vol.17 No.5

Effects of Rice Bran, Flax Seed, and Sunflower Seed on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, Free Amino Acid and Peptide Contents, and Sensory Evaluations of Native Korean Cattle (Hanwoo)

Choi, Chang Bon,Kwon, Hana,Kim, Sung Il,Yang, Un Mok,Lee, Ju Hwan,Park, Eun Kyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with rice bran, flax seed, or sunflower seed to finishing native Korean cattle (Hanwoo) on growth performances, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, free amino acid and peptide contents, and sensory evaluations of Longissimus muscle (LM). A total of 39 Hanwoo steers (average age of 22.2 mo and average body weight (BW) of 552.2 kg) were randomly divided into Control, rice bran (RB), flax seed (FS), or Sunflower seed (SS) groups. The steers were group fed for 273 d until they reached an average age of 31.2 mo. Final BW was 768.2, 785.8, 786.2, and 789.0 kg, and average daily gain was 0.79, 0.85, 0.82, and 0.84 kg for the Control, RS, FS, and SS groups, respectively (p>0.05). Fat thickness of the FS group (19.8 mm) was greater (p<0.05) than that of the other groups. Final yield grade converted into numerical values was 2.0 for the RB group, 1.7 for the Control and SS groups, and 1.4 for the FS group. Marbling degrees for the Control, SS, RB, and FS groups were 5.3, 5.1, 4.7, and 4.6, respectively. Percentages of palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$), and arachidic acid ($C_{20:0}$) in the LM were not different among the groups. Palmitoleic ($C_{16:1}$) acid was higher (p<0.05) in the SS group. The concentration of oleic acid was highest (p<0.05) in the Control group (47.73%). The level of linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) was 2.3 times higher (p<0.05) in the FS group compared to the other groups. Methionine concentration was (p<0.05) higher in FS (1.7 mg/100 g) and SS (1.2 mg/100 g) steers than in the Control or RB groups. Glutamic acid and ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic acid (${\alpha}$-AAA) contents were (p<0.05) higher in the FS group compared to the other groups. LM from the FS group had numerically higher (p>0.05) scores for flavor, umami, and overall palatability in sensory evaluations. In conclusion, supplementation of flax seed to diets of finishing Hanwoo steers improved sensory evaluations which might have been caused by increases in flavor related amino acids such as methionine, glutamic acid and ${\alpha}$-AAA and peptides, anserine and carnosine, and their complex reactions.

Association of Age and CKD with Prognosis of Myocardial Infarction

Choi, Joon Seok,Kim, Min Jee,Kang, Yong Un,Kim, Chang Seong,Bae, Eun Hui,Ma, Seong Kwon,Ahn, Young-Keun,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Young Jo,Cho, Myeong Chan,Kim, Chong Jin,Kim, Soo Wan American Society of Nephrology 2013 Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephro Vol.8 No.6

Experimental Effect of Acutely Increased Intracranial Pressure and Hyperventilation on Gas metabolism

Choi, Chang Rak,Song, Jin Un CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1973 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.1 No.1

1. In increased intracranial pressure, the respiration became slow and deep, and this was the most senstive response in all cases. Arterial blood revealed hypoxia in direct proportion to the severity of the raised intracranial pressure and blood gas revaeled respiratory alkalosis. 2. In the group of respiratory slowness and deepening with moderate degree of IICP, the cerebrospinal fluid revealed metabolic acidosis. In the dilated pupil group with marked degree of HCP whose pH below 7.2 in the cerebrospinal fluid were expired. 3. In the group of respiratory slowness and deepening, metabolic acidosis in the cerebrospinal fluid was improved by hyperventilation, but in the group of dilated pupil with severe metabolic acidosis in the cerebrospinal fluid, there was no remarkable improvement with hyperventilation. 4. In the slowness and deepening respiration group, arterial hypoxia in the arterial blood was markedly improved following hyperventilation, and the blood gas revealed a more severe respiratory alkalosis as compared to the control group. In the dilated pupil group with severe arterial hypoxia, there was no significant improvement with hyperventilation. 5. In some of the experimental dogs who were expired following HCP, the PO_2 of the venous blood from the internal jugular bulb was markedly elevated.

Association of pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure with decline in kidney function.

Kim, Chang Seong,Kim, Ha Yeon,Kang, Yong Un,Choi, Joon Seok,Bae, Eun Hui,Ma, Seong Kwon,Kim, Soo Wan Le Jacq Communication 2014 Journal of Clinical Hypertension Vol.16 No.5

<P>The association between arterial stiffness and decline in kidney function in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well established. This study investigated whether pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse pressure (PP) are independently associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and rapid decline in kidney function in early CKD. Carotid femoral PWV (cfPWV), brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), and PP were measured in a cohort of 913 patients (mean age, 6310 years; baseline estimated GFR, 8418 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ). Estimated GFR was measured at baseline and at follow-up. The renal outcome examined was rapid decline in kidney function (estimated GFR loss, >3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year). The median follow-up duration was 3.2 years. Multivariable adjusted linear regression model indicated that arterial PWV (both cfPWV and baPWV) and PP increased as estimated GFR declined, but neither was associated with kidney function after adjustment for various covariates. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that cfPWV and baPWV were not associated with rapid decline in kidney function (odds ratio [OR], 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-4.65; OR, 2.51, 95% CI, 0.66-9.46, respectively), but PP was (OR, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.01-1.48; P=.045). Arterial stiffness assessed using cfPWV and baPWV was not correlated with lower estimated GFR and rapid decline in kidney function after adjustment for various confounders. Thus, PP is an independent risk factor for rapid decline in kidney function in populations with relatively preserved kidney function (estimated GFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ).</P>

Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Aluminum (Hydr)oxide-coated Sand

Yong Un Han,Seong Jik Park,Chang Gu Lee,Jeong Ann Park,Nag Choul Choi,Song Bae Kim 대한환경공학회 2009 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.14 No.3

A powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides is not suitable in wastewater treatment/filtration systems because of low hydraulic conductivity and large sludge production. In this study, aluminum (hydr)oxide-coated sand (AOCS) was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The properties of AOCS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Kinetic batch, equilibrium batch, and closed-loop column experiments were performed to examine the adsorption of phosphate to AOCS. The XRD pattern indicated that the powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides coated on AOCS was similar to a low crystalline boehmite. Kinetic batch experiments demonstrated that P adsorption to AOCS reached equilibrium after 24 h of reaction time. The kinetic sorption data were described well by the pseudo second-order kinetic sorption model, which determined the amount of P adsorbed at equilibrium (q(e)=0.118 mg/g) and the pseudo second-order velocity constant (k=0.0036 g/mg/h) at initial P concentration of 25 mg/L. The equilibrium batch data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model, which quantified the distribution coefficient (K(F)=0.083 L/g), and the Freundlich constant (1/n=0.339). The closed-loop column experiments showed that the phosphate removal percent decreased from 89.1 to 41.9% with increasing initial pH from 4.82 to 9.53. The adsorption capacity determined from the closed-loop experiment was 0.239 mg/g at initial pH 7.0, which is about two times greater than that (q(e)=0.118 mg/g) from the kinetic batch experiment at the same condition.