Abundance and host-seeking activity of the biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Chang-Liang Shih,Quei-Min Liao,Ya-Yuan Wang,Wu-Chun Tu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

The abundance and host-seeking activity of the biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana (Shiraki), were measured in Central Taiwan at 418 locations with low, medium, and high densities using a human-bait method. Abundance estimates at 10 min after sampling commenced were comparable to longer sampling periods of 20 min, allowing a shorter 10 min sampling period to be used throughout. Host-seeking F. taiwana females were only active during daylight and biting activity did not occur after sunset. The diurnal activity of host-seeking females changed seasonally, beginning at around 07:00–08:00 during the spring equinox, summer solstice, and autumnal equinox, whereas activity began an hour later in winter. Most females were collected during 10:00–16:00, with a peak abundance during 13:00–15:00. Blood-sucking activity of female F. taiwana were positively correlated with ambient temperature with a minimum threshold of 18 °C. When different years, seasons, trapping times, environmental factors, and female adults trapped were analyzed using multiple regression model, the results showed that all these factors contributed to the regression model and the determination coefficient (R 2 ) of this multiple regression model was 0.81.

Increase in Plasma Glucose Lowering Action of Rosiglitazone by Electroacupuncture at Bilateral Zusanli Acupoints (ST.36) in Rats

Hui-Ching Pai,Chung-Yuh Tzeng,Yu-Chen Lee,Chin-Hsien Chang,Jaung-Geng Lin,Juei-Tang Cheng,Shih-Liang Chang 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.2

Objectives: Hypoglycemia induced by electroacupuncture (EA) is due to an increase of insulin secretion and/or mediation of β-endorphin. We applied EA at the Zusanli (ST.36) acupuncture point (acupoint) in combination with rosiglitazone (TZD) administration to evaluate their effect on plasma glucose and to explore possible mechanisms of action. Methods: Thirty six normal adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the 0.1 mg/kg TZD group (0.1TZD), 0.1 mg/kg TZD and EA group (0.1TZD + EA), EA group, and control group. In other experiments, streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in neonatal rats; these were then randomly divided into a 0.1TZD group, 0.1TZD + EA group, and EA group and changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations evaluated. Results: A marked hypoglycemic response was observed in the normal rat 0.1TZD, 0.1TZD + EA and EA groups, with the response more significant in the 0.1TZD + EA group than in the 0.1TZD group. Among the diabetic animals, the hypoglycemic responses in the 0.1TZD + EA and EA groups were greater than in the 0.1TZD group. In both the normal and diabetic rats, insulin secretion was increased by EA or 0.1TZD + EA treatment, but not by 0.1TZD. Conclusions: The plasma glucose lowering action of rosiglitazone was increased by EA in both normal and diabetic rats, indicating that the application of EA may enhance the hypoglycemic action of this insulin sensitizer. Objectives: Hypoglycemia induced by electroacupuncture (EA) is due to an increase of insulin secretion and/or mediation of β-endorphin. We applied EA at the Zusanli (ST.36) acupuncture point (acupoint) in combination with rosiglitazone (TZD) administration to evaluate their effect on plasma glucose and to explore possible mechanisms of action. Methods: Thirty six normal adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the 0.1 mg/kg TZD group (0.1TZD), 0.1 mg/kg TZD and EA group (0.1TZD + EA), EA group, and control group. In other experiments, streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in neonatal rats; these were then randomly divided into a 0.1TZD group, 0.1TZD + EA group, and EA group and changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations evaluated. Results: A marked hypoglycemic response was observed in the normal rat 0.1TZD, 0.1TZD + EA and EA groups, with the response more significant in the 0.1TZD + EA group than in the 0.1TZD group. Among the diabetic animals, the hypoglycemic responses in the 0.1TZD + EA and EA groups were greater than in the 0.1TZD group. In both the normal and diabetic rats, insulin secretion was increased by EA or 0.1TZD + EA treatment, but not by 0.1TZD. Conclusions: The plasma glucose lowering action of rosiglitazone was increased by EA in both normal and diabetic rats, indicating that the application of EA may enhance the hypoglycemic action of this insulin sensitizer.

Effects of Cold Storage and Harvest Time on the Quality of Pear Scions in Taiwan

Shih-Tsung Tsai,Tsu-Liang Chang,Wan-Cheng Liao,Iou-Zen Chen 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Formation of Solid-Solution Cu-to-Cu Joints Using Ga Solder and Pt under Bump Metallurgy for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Shih-kang Lin,Hao-miao Chang,Cheng-liang Cho,Yu-chen Liu,Yi-kai Kuo 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) are the most important packaging technology for next-generation semiconductors. Cu-to-Cu throughsilicon via interconnections with micro-bumps are key components in the fabrication of 3D ICs. However, significant reliability concerns have been raised due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the entire 3D IC joints. This study proposes a Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding technology with Pt under bump metallurgy (UBM). A systematic analysis of reactive wetting between Ga solders and polycrystalline, single-crystalline, and Ptcoated Cu substrates was conducted. Pt UBM as a wetting layer was identified to be a key component for Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding. Pt-coated Cu substrates were bonded using Ga solders with various Ga-to-Pt ratios (n) at 300°C. When n ≥ 4, the Cu/Pt/Ga/Pt/Cu interface evolves to Cu/facecentered cubic (fcc)/γ1-Cu9Ga4/fcc/Cu, Cu/fcc/γ1-Cu9Ga4 + Ga7Pt3/fcc/Cu, and finally Cu/fcc + Ga7Pt3/Cu structures. The desired ductile solid solution joint formed with discrete Ga7Pt3 precipitates. When n ≤ 1, a Cu/Ga7Pt3/Cu joint formed without Cu actively participating in the reactions. The reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution were elaborated with the aid of CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling.

On the Strong Convergence Theorems for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Semigroups in Banach Spaces

Shih-sen Chang,Liang Cai Zhao,Ding Ping Wu 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1

Some strong convergence theorems of explicit iteration scheme for asymptotically nonexpansive semi-groups in Banach spaces are estab- lished. The results presented in this paper extend and improve some re- cent results in [T. Suzuki. On strong convergence to common fixed points of nonexpansive semigroups in Hilbert spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131(2002)2133–2136; H. K. Xu. A strong convergence theoremfor contrac- tion semigroups in Banach spaces, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 72(2005)371– 379; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for con- tinuous semigroups in Banach spaces, Math. Japonica. 1(1999)57–66; T. Shimizu and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence to common fixed points of families of nonexpansivemappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 211(1997)71–83; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for asymptot- ically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces, Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 34(1998)87–99; H. K. Xu. Approximations to fixed points of contraction semigroups in Hilbert space, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 19(1998), 157–163.] Some strong convergence theorems of explicit iteration scheme for asymptotically nonexpansive semi-groups in Banach spaces are estab- lished. The results presented in this paper extend and improve some re- cent results in [T. Suzuki. On strong convergence to common fixed points of nonexpansive semigroups in Hilbert spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131(2002)2133–2136; H. K. Xu. A strong convergence theoremfor contrac- tion semigroups in Banach spaces, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 72(2005)371– 379; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for con- tinuous semigroups in Banach spaces, Math. Japonica. 1(1999)57–66; T. Shimizu and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence to common fixed points of families of nonexpansivemappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 211(1997)71–83; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for asymptot- ically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces, Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 34(1998)87–99; H. K. Xu. Approximations to fixed points of contraction semigroups in Hilbert space, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 19(1998), 157–163.]

ON THE STRONG CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE SEMIGROUPS IN BANACH SPACES

Chang, Shih-Sen,Zhao, Liang Cai,Wu, Ding Ping The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1

Some strong convergence theorems of explicit iteration scheme for asymptotically nonexpansive semi-groups in Banach spaces are established. The results presented in this paper extend and improve some recent results in [T. Suzuki. On strong convergence to common fixed points of nonexpansive semigroups in Hilbert spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131(2002)2133-2136; H. K. Xu. A strong convergence theorem for contraction semigroups in Banach spaces, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 72(2005)371-379; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for continuous semigroups in Banach spaces, Math. Japonica. 1(1999)57-66; T. Shimizu and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence to common fixed points of families of nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 211(1997)71-83; N. Shioji and W. Takahashi. Strong convergence theorems for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces, Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 34(1998)87-99; H. K. Xu. Approximations to fixed points of contraction semigroups in Hilbert space, Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 19(1998), 157-163.]

Poster Session : PS 0318 ; Hematology : Increased Mortality after Stroke in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Nationwide Population- Based Study

( Chien Chang Liao ),( Ta Liang Chen ),( Chun Chuan Shih ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Limited information was available on the outcomes after stroke in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This study evaluated the adverse events after stroke in patients with ITP. Methods: From the claims data of National Health Insurance Database, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study consisted of 2183 stroke patients with ITP between 2002 and 2009. Using matching procedure by propensity score with age, sex, low income, urbanization, teaching hospital, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, mental disorders, liver cirrhosis, dementia, renal dialysis, anticoagulants, anti-platelet agents, lipid-lowering agents, and types of stroke, we selected 21830 non-ITP patients with stroke during the index date for comparison. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographics, coexisting medical conditions, medications, and types of stroke in the multivariate logistic regressions, patients with ITP had higher 30-day mortality after stroke compared with stroke patients without ITP (odds ratio=1. 41, 95% confi dence interval=1. 15-1. 74). ITP was also associated withincreased medical expenditure after stroke (odds ratio=1. 13, 95% confi dence interval= 1. 01-1. 27). Conclusions: Our nationwide retrospective cohort study investigated the increased risk of mortality after stroke in patients with ITP.

Doxorubicin Promotes Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells through the Upregulation of the RhoA/MLC Pathway

Chien-Liang Liu,Ming-Jen Chen,Jiunn-Chang Lin,Chi-Hsin Lin,Wen-Chien Huang,Shih-Ping Cheng,Shan-Na Chen,Yuan-Ching Chang 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: Cancer cells develop acquired resistance induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief treatment with cytotoxic drugs on the phenotype of breast cancer cells. Methods: Breast cancer cells MCF7 and BT-474 were briefly treated with paclitaxel or doxorubicin. Clonogenic, migration, and invasion assays were performed on the treated cells. Western blot analysis and RhoA activity assay were also performed. Results: Breast cancer cells when briefly treated with paclitaxel or doxorubicin showed reduced clonogenic ability. Doxorubicin, but not paclitaxel, augmented cell migration and invasion. The invasion-promoting effects of doxorubicin were lost when the two drugs were sequentially used in combination. Myosin light chain (MLC) 2 phosphorylation and RhoA activity were upregulated by doxorubicin and downregulated by paclitaxel. Pretreatment with RhoA inhibitors abolished the migration- and invasion-promoting effects of doxorubicin. Conclusion: Doxorubicin activates the RhoA/MLC pathway and enhances breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, this pathway might be explored as a therapeutic target to suppress anthracycline-enhanced tumor progression.

Identification, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Kumar, Vathan,Chang, Chih-Kang,Tan, Kian-Pin,Jung, Young-Sik,Chen, Shih-Hsun,Cheng, Yih-Shyun E.,Liang, Po-Huang American Chemical Society 2014 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.16 No.19

<P>High-throughput screening was performed on ∼6800 compounds to identify <B>KR-72039</B> as an inhibitor of H1N1 and H5N1 neuraminidases (NAs). Structure–activity relationship studies led to <B>3e</B>, which inhibited H5N1 NA with an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 2.8 μM and blocked viral replication. Docking analysis shows that compounds bind to loop-430 around the NA active site. Compound <B>3l</B> additionally inhibited H7N9 NA, making it a dual inhibitor of N1- and N2-type NAs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2014/orlef7.2014.16.issue-19/ol502410x/production/images/medium/ol-2014-02410x_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol502410x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Advanced Path-Migration Mechanism for Enhancing Signaling Efficiency in IP Multimedia Subsystem

( Kai-di Chang ),( Chi-yuan Chen ),( Shih-wen Hsu ),( Han-chieh Chao ),( Jiann-liang Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.1

Since Internet Protocol (IP) is the most important protocol in Next Generation Networks (NGNs), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) utilizes Session Initial Protocol (SIP) based on IP as the base protocol for negotiating sessions in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Different from traditional circuit-switched network, in IMS, the media traffic and signaling are delivered through IP transport. The media traffic may affect the signaling efficiency in core network, due to traffic collisions and best effort packets delivery. This paper proposes a novel path-migration mechanism for enhancing the traffic efficiency in integrated NGN-IMS. The simulation results show that the interference and traffic collision can be reduce by applying proposed path-migration mechanism and the signaling efficiency in core network can be improved with higher system capability and voice quality.