카드뮴 측적량과 붕어(Carassius auratus) 아가미 조직 변화의 상관성에 관한 연구

배희경,김은경,남성숙,문창규,전성환,나진균,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l cadmium (Cd)concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations. Histopathological changes in the gills of curcian carp exposed to cadmium included the acidification of mucous cell, the terminal clubbing of lamellae, the hyperplasia of epitherial cell and the curved of secondary lamellae. The similar histopathological changes were observed once the accumulations of cadmium reached the similar levels found in the present study with the different exposure schemes. Also the acidification of mucous cell in gills appeared when cadmium accumulations reached 5 ㎍/g and more. These results suggested that histopathological changes in the gills, an appearance of mucous cell acidification, be used to estimate the relation between toxic effect and cadmium accumulations in the gills.

The Clinical Implication of Non-Proteolytic EnzYme Activities in Stomach Cancer

Chang, HeeKyung,Choi, JongSoon KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

Backgrounds : Beta-glucuronidase and lactic dehydrogenase are non-proteolytic enzymes related to the inflammation. In recent years there are a few reports that these 2 enzymes may be markers of gastric cancer. Material and Methods : The study was to observe whether the measurement of enzyme activity had any critical role in assessement of diagnostic value, beta-glucuronidase and lactic dehydrogenase activities in neoplastic tissue of stomach were compared with those in the gastric muosa of non-neoplastic antral and body area, which were obtained from products of gastrectomy of 27 cases. The enzyme immunoassay was used fro the estimate of the activity of enxymes. Results : The activity of enzymes was compared with each differentiation and metastasis of the tumor. beta-glucuronidase activity in tumor was higher that that of normal mucosa and activity of antral mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, and it was higher than that of body. Lactic dehydrogenase activity in tumor was similar to that in the antral mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, and it was higher than that in the body mucosa of stomach. There were no significant statistical difference of actvities of both enzymes between metastatic and non-metastatic groups(p>0.01). No significant correlation between activities of both enzymes was not seen in the tumor mass(r=0.347, p>0.05). Conclusions : These results support that enzyme activities of beta-glucuronidase and LDH in gastric tissues and tumor mass could reflect the histopathologic status of stomach and the assessment of the activity of enzymes may be of value in the identification of high-risk groups.

The significance of pS2 gene alteration in the early gastric cancer

Chang, HeeKyung KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

Background and Purpose : The expression of pS2 gene in normal human tissue is restricted to the stomach. But its role in tumor development is not elucidated yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional role of pS2 protein in early gastric carcinomas(EGC), by investigating prevalence of the gene and analysing its expression with histologic types and differentiation. Material and Method : The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue obtained from 100 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy by using immunohistochemistry. Results : In the non-neoplastic tissue adjacent to the tumor, the immunoreactivity for pS2 was observed in the cytoplasms of superficial and foverolar epithelium and a few chief cells, while intestinalmetaplastic epithelium showed negative immunoreactivity. The neoplastic tissue revealed cytoplasmic positive staining of tumor cells. The overall immunoreactivity for pS2 in 100 EGC cases is 56%. The expression of pS2 was significantly higher in diffuse type(65.9%) than interstinal type(48.2%)(p<0.05) and also higher than in poorly-differentiated type(62.1%) than in well-differentiated type(47.6%)(p<0.05). The expression rates of tumors invading to mucosa was 53.1% (17/32) and tumors invading to submucosa was 46.9%(15/32). Conclusion: These results mean that the expression of pS2 is correlated to the histologic type and grading, while is not related to the depth of tumor invasion. And it is indicated that pS2 protein has a yet undescribed role in gastric foveolar epithelium and pS2 gene expression may be more important role in diffuse type cancer than in intestinal type cancer of stomach

디지털 클로딩을 활용한 가상의복의 소재별 비교분석

장희경 ( Heekyung Chang ),이정민 ( Jungmin Lee ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2017 패션 비즈니스 Vol.21 No.5

A comprehensive research must be conducted on manufacturing techniques such as patterns and sewing, with the understanding of material properties to satisfy consumers' emotions with a strong fashion trend orientation. Physical and emotional characteristics may change depending on the characteristics of the material, and the overall silhouette and feeling of the garment can change depending on how sewing is conducted.To examine the completeness of a finished garment depending on different kinds of clothing material, this study fabricated an actual garment and a 3D virtual garment as well using 3D CAD IMAGE SYSTEM (CLO 3D, DC Suite, etc.) for a comparative analysis. These two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. This study selected five of the most representative clothing materials and conducted a comparative analysis on appearance differences between actual clothing and virtual clothing by material. Additionally, the study verified the similarity between actual clothing and virtual clothing by comparing their physical properties by material, and evaluated the objectivity and accuracy of the reproducibility of material properties of virtual clothing.

Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein(NAIP) Gene Expression and Spinal Cord Development

Chang, HeeKyung,Kim, HunDong,Gil, YoungGi,Kim, SunOK 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

배경: 세포고사(apoptosis)에 관여하는 유전자들은 신경계의 발생과 유지 과정에서 여러 경로를 통해 복잡한 상호 연관을 가지며 다양한 역할을 하며, 이들의 기능이나 발현의 조절이 제대로 이루어지지 못하는 경우는 다양한 임상 증상이나 질병을 야기할 수 있다. 척수성 근위축증(spinal muscular atrophy:SMA)은 세포고사로 인한 척수 운동 세포의 소실과 근위축증을 동반한 진행성 마비를 특징으로 하는 유전성 질환으로, 임상적 치료나 예방을 위해서는 원인 유전자들에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 최근 항세포고사 기능을 가진 것으로 알려진 세포자연사 억제 단백질(neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein:NAIP) 유전자의 돌연변이가 SMA의 세포 고사와 관련이 있다는 보고가 있으나, 아직 유전자 기능에 대해서 논란이 많다. 더욱이 친-고사 작용 기전과 조절에 대해서는 명확히 정의된 바 가 없으며, 발생기 동안(development)의 역할에 대해서도 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 연구목적: 생쥐의 발생과 출생후 초기 시기에 NAIP 발현을 경시적으로 조사하여, 발생시기에 따른 발현의 변화와 기능을 조사하여 척수성 근위축증 환자의 원인 유전자를 규명하고, 조기 진단과 유전자 치료 및 예방에 이용하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 생쥐를 교배후 임신 7일부터 22일까지 매일 각각 10마리씩의 자궁을 적출후 배아(embryo)를 꺼내어 5마리의 것은 중성 포르말린에 고정후 파라핀에 포매하여 절편한 후 헤마톡실린-에오진 염색과 유전자 클로닝후 제작된 NAIP 항체를 이용하여 면역 염색을 시행하였다. 출생후 초기 유전자 발현과 비교하기 위하여 대조군으로 생후 1,5,10,20,22일째의 생쥐의 척수를 이용하였다. 결과: NAIP는 생쥐의 모든 발생시기 동안에 발현되었지만, 특히 E9.5-14.5동안에 척수로 분화할 외투층(mantle layer)과 뒤뿌리 신경절(dorsal root ganglia)에서 강한 발현을 보였으며, E16.5시기 이후에서는 NAIP의 발현 강도가 다소 감소하였으나, 발현은 계속 지속되어, 운동신경세포(motor neuron)으로의 분화가 뚜렷이 관찰되는 생후 22일째의 척수와 뒤뿌리 신경전에서도 발현을 보였다. 특히 생후 20, 22일째는 운동 신경 세포의 세포질에서 중등도의 발현을 보였으며, 간신경세포(interneuron)과 회백질(white matter)에서도 경도의 발현을 보였다. 결론: NAIP 유전자는 척수 발생과 분화 및 유지에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정되며, 특히 NAIP의 발현 변화는 인체에서 SMA의 발생 결정 시기와 거의 일치하므로 이 시기에 NAIP 유전자에 돌연변이등의 변화가 생기면 SMA가 발생될 수 있을 것 생각되어, 임상적으로 SMA의 태내 조기 진단과 유전자 치료의 표적에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background/ Aims: Apoptosis plays multiple roles fir neuronal development and maintenance through several pathways which have complicate cross-linkage each other. Neuronal apoptosis inbibitory protein (NAIP) is believed to inhibit the normal process of apoptosis, which is the disintergreation of single cells that results from programmed cell death, in motor neuron. Clinically NAIP gene has been discovered as a candidate gene for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a childhood genetic disorder characterized by motor neuron loss and progressive paralysis with muscular atrophy. This study attempted to elucidate the function and its role of NAIP during mouse spinal cord in pathogenesis of SMA. Methods : Female CD-1 mice at 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5 and 22.5 of time pregnancy were obtained after mating. And the spinal cords from the mice of 1.2,5,20,22 days after birth were also used. The immunohistochemistry of NAIP was performed after NAIP antibody. This antibody was generated by gene immunization using NAIP cDNA and the recombinant NAIP was used for the booster injection. Rat NAIP cDNA fragment (1-488 bp in Fig, 2) was subclond into the pET-28 C (Novagen, USA) and into the pcDNA-3(Novagen, USA) utilizing the Bam HI and Hind Ⅲ sites. Rabbits were first immunized with 300g of pcDNA3-NAIP and 30 days later boosted twice with affinity purified pET-28C recombinant protein in incomplete Freunds adjuvant. Titers of anti-NAIP antibody were monitored by western blot analysis using SDS-PAGE purified recombinant NAIP. Results: Although all stage of murine spinal cord development appeared to express NAIP, pronounced elevation of NAIP expression was observed in the E9.5-14.5 E14, NAIP were detected in the neuroepithelium of neurotube. It was later localized in the dorsal root ganglia of E12.5 and E11.5 embryo as well as in the mantle layer of the spinal cord. Declining immunoreactivity of NAIP in intensity and extent was also observed after E16.5 in spinal cords. but still expression has been conserved to postnatal 22 days. NAIP were detected in the neuroepithelium of neurotube. This pattern was the same in E10.5 embryo with E11.5 embryo with expression in the neurotube progressing more caudally. It was later localized in the dorsal root ganglia of E12.5 and E11.5 embryo as well as in the mantle layer of the spinal cord. Conclusions: This study provides an evidence that the protein of NAIP gene seem to have important roles during murine spinal cord development, suggesting anti-apoptotic role in SMA.

The Impact of Nursing Students’ Clinical Decision Anxiety on Relationship-centered Care: The Mediating Effects of Coherence and Emotional Intelligence

Chang HeeKyung,Do YoungJoo,Kim YuMi,Ahn JinYeong 한국간호과학회 2023 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

장형 위암에서, pS2, c-MYC, beta-catenin, APC 단백을 포함한 APC유전자경로의 역할

Chang, Heekyung KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

배경 : 1998년 가족성대장용종증 환자의 비종양성 상피세포에서 APC유전자가 beta-catenin/Tcf-4 유전자를 통한 c-MYC 유전자를 직접 조정한다는 가설이 보고되었다. pS2가 속하는 intestinal trefoil factor(TTF)가 beta-catenin가 관련되는 위-특이 종양억제 유전자일 것일라는 보고도 있었다. 따라서 위암발생에 있어서도 대장암 발생과 같이 beta-catenin, c-MYC과 관련된 APC 경로가 적용될 수 있는 지 또, pS2를 이 경로에 포함시킬 수 있는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대장암과 형태학적으로 유사한 장형 위암을 30례의 포르말린에 고정되고 파라핀에 포매된 위암조직과 주위 조직을 대상으로 면역 염색을 실시하였다. 결과 : pS2의 면역 염색결과는 56.7%, c-MYC는 43.3%, beta-catenin은 86.7%의 양성율은 나태내었다. 특히, beta-catenin은 종양의 침윤 상태에 따라 다양한 면역 염색 반응을 보였다. 종양이 침윤하는 가장 깊은 부분인 최전면부에서는 강한 양성 반응을 보이는 반면, 그위의 점막에 있는 종양에서는 발현되지 않았다. 결론 : 위암중 장형암은 대장암에서와 같은 APC 경로의 이상변형으로 암이 발생한다는 가설은 아직은 과학적 근거는 부복한 것으로 생각되나, beta-catenin은 세포질의 단백이 핵내로 이동하여 암화 과정에 관여하는 것과 동시에 종양이 침윤하는 최전면부에서는 세포간 부착 단백으로서의 성질을 소실하여 종양이 세포외 기질로 침윤하도록 한다고 생각된다. Background: A proposal that in normal colorectal epithelial cells, the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) might modulate directly c-MYC transcription through beta-catenin/Tcf-4 was reported in 1998. It was reported that intestinal trefoil factor (TTF) which is the same family of pS as a gastric - specific tumor suppressor gene is related to beta-catenin. Method and Material: To elucidate the applicability of APC pathway in stomach and relationship between this pathway and pS2, the expressions of pS2, c-MYC, and beta-catenin proteins wereevaluated by immunohistochemically in 30 cases of intestinal carcinoma of stomach which is morphologically close to colon cancer. Restults: Their immunoreactivities were 56.7% for pS2, 43.3% for c-MYC, and 86.7% for beta-catenin proteins, respectively. Interestingly, positive staining of beta-catenin showed heterogenous pattern according to the depth of invasion. Tumor cells in the invading or infiltrating edges showed strong positivity, while thetumor cells in mucosa showed loss of the expression even ib the same tumors. Conclusion: This results suggest that in intestinal carcinoma of stomach, beta-catenin involves in the tumor celll migration and invasion not as cell adhesion molecule but as tumor-suppressor molecule forming complex with APC. In addition, the expressions of c-MYC and pS2 was not correlated with the function of adhesion molecule of beta-catenin

미만형 위암의 전암성 병변으로서의 비화생이형성

Chang, HeeKyung,Choi, JongSoon KOSIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 2006 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

배경및 목적 : 장형 위암의 전암성 병변으로는 화생이 형성이 잘 알려져 있고, H.pylori와의 연관성도 설명되고 있으나, 미만형 위암은 전암성 병변이 없는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본연구는 위암의 전암성 병변으로서 병리학적으로 화생이형성과 비화생이형성을 정의하고 임상적으로 위암의 조직학적 유형과의 관련성을 규명하는 데 있다. 재료 및 방법 : 141예의 포르말린에 고정되고, 파라핀에 포매된 조기위암으로 진단된 환지의 암조직과 인접한 비종양성 위점막 조직을 현미경으로 재 검색하여, 암은 Lauren 분류를 이용하여 분류하였고, 인접 비종양 점막은 화생과 비화생이형성으로 분류하고, 3등급으로 심한 정도를 분류하였다. 결과 : 미만형이 59예(41.84%), 중간형이 41예(29.08%), 장형이 41예(29.08%) 였다. 비화생이형성이 98예(69.50%)이고, 화생이형성이 97(68.8%)였다. 두이형성이 공존하는 예는 55예(39%)였다. 미만형과 중간형에서 비화생이형성의 빈도는 장형보다 높았으며, 장형암에서 장형이형성의 빈도는 다른 두형에서보다 높았다. 장형이형성의 경우 나이와 발현 빈도와 심한 정도는 비례관계를 나타내었다. 결론 : 위암의 발생과정에는 두가지 이형성이 존재하며 비화생이형성은 미만형 위암의 발달에서 전암성 단계의 병변으로 인정된다. Background : This study was performed to investigate the relationship of types of dysplasia and histologic types in 141 cases of surgical specimens of early gastric cancer. Material and methods : Fromalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded gastric mucosa and cancer tissue from 141 patients with gastric cnacer underwent gastrectomy were studided with classification of gasric cancer by Lauren and dysplasia. Results : The histologic types by Lauren1) were: diffuse type 59 cases (41.84%); intermediate type 41 cases (29.08%); and intestinal type 41 cases (29.08%). The types of gastric dysplasia in gastric mucosa adjacent to the tumor were classified into nonmetaplastic dysplasia 98 cases (69.50%) and metaplastic dysplasia 97 cases (68.8%). Simultaneous presentation of both dysplasias was 55 cases (39.00%). The frequency of nonmetaplastic dysplasia in diffuse and intermediate type carcinoma was significantly higher than in intestinal type carcinoma (p<0.05), and the frequency of metaplastic dysplasia in intestinal type carcinoma was significantly higher than that of diffuse and intermediate carcinoma (p<0.05). In cases of metaplastic dysplasia, age and frequency and severity showed positive correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that types of dysplasias may be related to two different pathways in human stomach carcinogenesis. And we propose a hypothesis that nonmetaplastic dysplasia and diffuse type adenocarcinoma sequence may be possible in the development of diffuse type of stomach cancer.

Relationships between Structural and Psychological Empowerment, Mediated by Reciprocity and Thriving at work for Elderly in-home Caregiver

Chang HeeKyung,Do YoungJoo,Kim YuMi,Ahn JinYeong 한국간호과학회 2023 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

디지털스토리텔링을 활용한 문제중심학습이 간호대학생들의 감성지능, 비판적 사고성향, 임상수행능력 및 메타인지에 미치는 효과

장희경(Chang HeeKyung),도영주(Do YoungJoo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.8

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 디지털스토리텔링을 활용한 문제중심학습이 간호대학생들의 감성지능, 비판적 사고성향, 임상수행능력 및 메타인지에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 자료수집은 2020년 9월 1일부터 12월 14일까지 G국립대학교 간호대학 2학년 간호대학생 총 54명(실험군: 28명, 대조군: 26명)을 대상으로 하였다. 프로그램의 효과를 분석하기 위해 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계를 적용하였으며, 자료분석으로 두 집단 간의 동질성 검정은 independent t-test와 χ²-test, 두 군간의 효과 차이는 independent t-test를 이용하였다. 본 연구결과, 디지털스토리텔링을 활용한 문제중심학습은 간호대학생들의 비판적 사고성향(t=1.78, p=.041), 임상수행능력(t=2.97, p=.002)과 메타인지(t=2.50, p=.008)에 유의한 효과를 보였다. 본 연구는 디지털스토리텔링 문제중심학습이라는 새로운 교수학습법을 규명하였다는데 의의가 있으며, 또한 임상전공교과목과 임상실습 입문 전 간호대학생의 비판적 사고와 임상수행능력 향상에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 스토리텔링을 통한 임상추론을 경험할 수 있는 교과목의 개설이나 연계가 필요할 것이며 실제 임상상황과 연계할 수 있는 표준화 환자를 활용한 스토리텔링 수업이나 역할극 등을 이용하여 다양한 교수방법을 구성하고 개발할 것을 제안한다. This study aimed to examine the effects of problem-based learning using digital storytelling (PBL-DS) on the nursing students’ emotional intelligence, critical thinking disposition, clinical competence, and metacognition. Data were collected from a total of 54 nursing students (experimental group: 28, control group: 26) from September 1st to December 14th, 2020. In order to analyze the effect of the program, the non-equivalent control group no synchronized design was applied. As data analysis, an independent t-test and a χ²-test were used for the homogeneity test between the two groups, and an independent t-test was used for the difference in the effects between the two groups. The results of the study showed that PBL-DS had a significant effect on critical thinking proposition (t=1.78, p=.041), clinical competence (t=2.97, p=.002), and metacognition (t=2.50, p=.008) of nursing students. This study is meaningful in that it has identified a new teaching and learning method called PBL-DS, and PBL-DS could contribute to the critical thinking and improvement of clinical competence of nursing students before initiation to clinical major courses and practice. Based on the results of this study, it would be necessary to construct and develop subjects that can experience clinical reasoning using PBL-DS.