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Upadhyaya, Chandrama Prakash,Venkatesh, Jelli,Gururani, Mayank Anand,Asnin, Leonid,Sharma, Kavita,Ajappala, Hemavathi,Park, Se Won Kluwer Academic Publishers 2011 Biotechnology letters. Vol.33 No.11
<P>Salt-tolerance was studied in transgenic potato. It was conferred by overexpression of ascorbate pathway enzyme (D-galacturonic acid reductase, GalUR). As genetic engineering of the GalUR gene in potato enhances its ascorbic acid content (L-AsA), and subsequently plants suffered minimal oxidative stress-induced damage, we now report on the comprehensive aptness of this engineering approach for enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley). Potatoes overexpressing GalUR grew and tuberized in continuous presence of 200 mM of NaCl. The transgenic plants maintained a higher reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio together with enhanced activity of glutathione dependent antioxidative and glyoxalase enzymes under salinity stress. The transgenics resisted an increase in methylglyoxal that increased radically in untransformed control plants under salinity stress. This is the first report of genetic engineering of ascorbate pathway gene in maintaining higher level of GSH homeostasis along with higher glyoxalase activity inhibiting the accumulation in methylglyoxal (a potent cytotoxic compound) under salt stress. These results suggested the engineering of ascorbate pathway enzymes as a major step towards developing salinity tolerant crop plants.</P>
Jelli Venkatesh,Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya,유재웅,Ajappala Hemavathi,김두환,Reto J. Strasser,박세원 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.4
L-Ascorbate plays a vital role in the alleviation of salinity stress in crop plants. Overexpression of the ascorbate pathway enzyme D-galacturonic acid reductase in transgenic potato plants confers improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses. These transgenic potato plants were further studied for their primary photosynthetic performances under salinity stress. The changes in primary photochemistry of PSII induced by salinity stress were studied using JIP-test. Analysis of the fast phase chlorophyll a fluorescence transients indicated that there was a differential effect of salinity stress on different sites of the photosynthetic machinery. The transgenic potato leaves exhibited a gain in the ability for restraining the energy loss when they were imposed by salinity stress. These observations suggest that under salinity stress, the photosynthetic energy conservation in the transgenic plants was more effective than in the wild-type plants.
New Genera of Flavonols and Flavonol Derivatives As Therapeutic Molecules
Survay, Nazneen Shaik,Upadhyaya, Chandrama Prakash,Kumar, Brajesh,Young, Ko-Eun,Yoon, Do-Young,Park, Se-Won The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1
Natural products from plants and microorganisms traditionally have provided the pharmaceutical industry with one of the most important sources of "lead" compounds in the search for new drugs and medicines. The diversity of polyphenol structure is enormous. They are classified into several classes, the most important polyphenol in our food being phenolic acids and flavonoids, which include flavonol as one of subgroups. Flavonols are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing hydroxyl in $3^{rd}$ position of chromone ring of a '6+3' flavonoid ring structure. Several health beneficial activities have been attributed to these naturally occurring plant flavonols, including antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, neurodegenerative, antidiabetic, antiplatelet activities, among which antioxidative properties remain the main topic investigated in recent years. The main aim of this review is to put forward the pharmacological importance of major flavonols and newly found flavonol derivatives from the last 10 years and their related bioactivity as lead compounds. The bioactivity of these flavonoids depends on structure-activity relationship (SARs), the flavonols being one of the structurally active compounds. Most studies have demonstrated their occurrence and their absorption in humans, but the question remains as to which form is actually absorbed: aglycone, glycosidic or both. The major flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, isorhamnetin, and galangin were found to exhibit anticancer activity. These flavonols also have positive effects on major diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. They are also found to have therapeutic value against osteoporosis, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant activity, the major action of prevention.
New Genera of Flavonols and Flavonol Derivatives As Therapeutic Molecules
Nazneen Shaik Survey,Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya,Brajesh Kumar,Ko Eun Young,윤도영,박세원 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1
Natural products from plants and microorganisms traditionally have provided the pharmaceutical industry with one of the most important sources of “lead” compounds in the search for new drugs and medicines. The diversity of polyphenol structure is enormous. They are classified into several classes, the most important polyphenol in our food being phenolic acids and flavonoids, which include flavonol as one of subgroups. Flavonols are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing hydroxyl in 3rd position of chromone ring of a ‘6+3’ flavonoid ring structure. Several health beneficial activities have been attributed to these naturally occurring plant flavonols, including antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, neurodegenerative, antidiabetic, antiplatelet activities, among which antioxidative properties remain the main topic investigated in recent years. The main aim of this review is to put forward the pharmacological importance of major flavonols and newly found flavonol derivatives from the last 10 years and their related bioactivity as lead compounds. The bioactivity of these flavonoids depends on structure-activity relationship (SARs), the flavonols being one of the structurally active compounds. Most studies have demonstrated their occurrence and their absorption in humans, but the question remains as to which form is actually absorbed: aglycone, glycosidic or both. The major flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, isorhamnetin, and galangin were found to exhibit anticancer activity. These flavonols also have positive effects on major diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. They are also found to have therapeutic value against osteoporosis, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant activity, the major action of prevention.
Nazneen Shaik Survay(쉐익나즈닌),EunYoung Ko(고은영),Chandrama Prakash Upadhyay(우파드하야),Jang Mi(장미),Se Won Park(박세원),DongHa Lee(이동하),Yi-Sook Jung(정이숙),Do-Young Yoon(윤도영),SaeJin Hong(홍세진) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.5
고혈당 쥐에(Sprague-Dawley rat) 각종 야채와 과일을 섭취(1g/㎏ body weight) 한 후 oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)을 실시하였다. 0분, 5분, 15분, 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분 후에 blood glucose levels(ΔBGLs)을 측정하였다. Under glucose curve(ΔAUCs)은 OGGT의 120분 후 계산하였으며 과일과 야채의 Total phenolic content(TPC)과 anti-oxidant activity (AOA)는 Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH(2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)을 통하여 특정하였다. 실험의 마지막은 Pearson’s correlations을 사용하여 TPC, AOA and ΔAUC 간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 모든 통계수치는 unpaired Student’s t-test를 실시하였다. 과일중에서는 탠저린, 자두, 배가 저혈당 효과를 보였으며 야채중에서는 푸른잎 머스타드와 양배투, 치커리, 브로콜리가 감소된 ΔBGLs와 유효한 ΔAUC수치를 보여서 저혈당 효과에 효과적이었다. 효과적인 ΔAUC의 범위는 5548.2 ± 462.1에서부터 3823.3 ± 282.0㎎ · min/dL이며, TPC와 AOA의 범위는 0.063 ± 0.00에서부터 0.913 ± 0.14㎎/g GAE, 01.05 ± 0.08에서부터 75.46 ± 0.06%이다. 전체적으로 과일의 50%와 양체의 60-65%가 높은 TPC와 효과적인 AOA의 수치를 나타내었다. 우리는 이번 연구를 통하여 저혈당 효과가 있어 제2형 당뇨를 예방할 수 있는 과일과 채소류를 선별할 수 있었다. An in vivo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on hyperglycemic male Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the effect of fruits and vegetables (1 g · ㎏?¹ body weight) on blood glucose levels (ΔBGLs) at different time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The areas under glucose curve (ΔAUCs) were calculated at 120 min of OGTT by trapezoid method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and anti-oxidant activity (AOA) of fruits and vegetables were assayed in vitro by Folin Ciocalteu and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. At the end of the experiment the correlations among the parameters TPC, AOA and ΔAUC was estimated by Pearson’s correlations. Among fruit crops, tangerine, plum, grape and pear and among vegetables, blue leaf mustard, cabbage, chicory, broccoli and others exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects by reducing ΔBGLs with significant ΔAUC. The effective ΔAUC ranged from 5548.2 ± 462.1 to 3823.3 ± 282.0 ㎎-min · dL?¹. The TPC and AOA ranged from 0.063 ± 0.00 to 0.913 ± 0.14 ㎎ · g?¹ GAE and 01.05 ± 0.08 to 75.46 ± 0.06%, respectively. Overall, six fruits and fifteen vegetables exhibited higher TPC and one fruit and four vegetables exhibited higher AOA. There was a better correlation among TPC, AOA and ΔAUC of fruits and TPC & AOA of vegetables. We report that hypoglycemically significant fruits and vegetables investigated in this study have pharmacological importance which reduced ΔBGLs through insulin like activity and AOA in prevention of type-2 diabetes.