韓ㆍ中 鬼神觀에 나타난 문화적 다양성 연구

李澯旭(Chan-wook, Lee),金芝恩(Ji-eun, Kim) 중앙대학교 문화콘텐츠기술연구원 2012 다문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.13

동양 문화권에서 죽음과 鬼神에 대한 담론은 동양의 死生觀을 이해하는 하나의 중요한 단초가 된다. 인간은 누구나 살아가는 과정에서 겪게 되는 불가항력적이며 불가피한 죽음을 공포와 경외감으로 인식하고 있다. 삶과 죽음의 문제는 단선적으로 설명할 수 없고, 접근 방식이나 바라보는 관점에 따라 다양한 해석이 가능하다. 그리고 그러한 해석은 민족성과 전통, 종교와 사상에 따라서 의식과 인식체계의 차이가 드러나게 되는데 특히나 동양에 있어서 죽음과 사후세계, 그리고 거기서 비롯되는 귀신의 존재는 현세의 삶에 영향을 미칠 만큼 깊이 자리매김 해 온 것이 사실이다. 바로 그러한 형성과정 속에서 고착된 것이 바로 동양의 귀신관이다. 관념적이며 추상적인 귀신에 대한 화두에 접근하는 방식은 다면적일 수밖에 없다. 따라서 한국과 중국 두 나라에 형성되어 온 귀신관은 어떠했는지, 또 어떻게 일상의 삶 속에 반영되었는지를 파악하기 위해서는 문학적 텍스트를 살펴보는 것도 의미 있는 작업이라고 생각된다. 왜냐하면 귀신 이야기에는 풍부한 문화사적 함의가 내포되어 있기 때문이다. 물론 한국과 중국의 귀신관을 하나로 정리하는 것은 사실 대단히 지난한 문제이다. 귀신이란 존재자체가 형이상학적이고 실제 존재여부조차 증명되지 않은 초월적인 성격을 지니기에 더욱 그렇다. 본 논의는 한국의 任?(1640~1724)과 중국의 蒲松齡(1640~1715)의 대표적인 작품인 〈天倪錄〉과 〈聊齋志異〉를 통해 귀신을 통해 드러나는 문화의 다양성의 실체를 단편적이나마 구명하고자 했다. 그리하여 두 작품은 모두 기본적으로는 유교적 귀신관을 전제로 하지만 그 안에는 불교나 무속, 도교의 신선사상까지도 아우르고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 귀신에 대한 관념이 한국보다 중국에서는 한층 더 자유롭고 다채롭게 다루어 왔음을 확인할 수 있다. 〈천예록〉에서는 祭祀를 통해 祖靈을 경외심의 대상으로 인식하는 부분이 있지만 〈요재지이〉에서는 귀신과의 만남과 사랑이 훨씬 자유롭고 거리낌이 없이 형상화되는 이유에서다. 이는 포송령이 인간과 귀신사이에는 명확한 구분이 없다는 일차원적 시각으로 본 결과이다. 즉, 만물은 다 영혼이 있다고 믿고 영혼과 음양의 기가 서로 연결되어 있어서 인간과 귀신 그리고 동식물의 영혼은 본질적으로 차이가 없다는 것이다. 그러므로 인간과 귀신이 함께 존재할 수 있고 사랑을 위해 인간이 귀신으로, 귀신이 인간으로 변화할 수 있다는 것이다. 그리하여 상황에 따라서 귀신이 사람보다 더 인간적일 수도 있고 사람이 귀신보다 더 사악할 수도 있다고 보았다. 그래서 인간세상과 저승세계가 별 차이가 없다고 본 〈요재지이〉는 〈천예록〉보다 더 환상적이며 흥미롭고 기이한 작품이다. 이상으로 〈天倪錄〉과 〈聊齋志異〉의 두 작품을 통해 나타난 귀신에 대한 다층성과 복합성은 한국과 중국 문화의 다양성으로 인정할 수 있을 것이다. Understanding the discourse between death and phantoms in the Asian culture can be an important clue into understanding the oriental world view. Death is an inevitable part of life and sudden death is often meet with fear and awe. Life and death cannot be explained in simple terms. As such, approaching the subject from different directions and angles can lead to a variety of explanations and viewpoints. Through these viewpoints, the different understanding and paradigm regarding ethnicity and tradition can be revealed. Moreover, understanding of death and afterlife in Asia and the resulting current real world influence of the existence of phantoms cannot be ignored for its place in daily life. Through this process is where the Asian phantom theory exists. The following paper attempts to uncover the true cultural diversity expressed through the examination of Asian phantom theories. The ideal and abstract nature of phantoms can lead of a variety ways in which the issue can be approached. As such, it is important to narrow the understanding through examining how phantom theory was created in Korea and through Chinese people, and how the historical works have expressed its understanding on phantoms. The paper looks at the cultural diversity expressed through phantoms examined in parts of the famous works of Leem Bang (임방) and Po Sung Ryong (포송령), 〈Chun Yeo Rok〉 (天倪錄) and 〈Ryo Jae Ji Lee〉 (聊齋志異). It is an extremely difficult task to define the theory of phantoms in words. As such, even Confucius and other saints, as well as many academics in Korea, could not give a clear guidance to the subject. Thus, even though the two works mentioned above includes the doctrines of Confucius as its base, one can find parts of Buddhism, shamanism, and theory of eternal life in Taoism embedded within. Therefore, understanding the microcosm and complexity of phantoms expressed through the two works, 〈Chun Yeo Rok〉 (天倪錄) and 〈Ryo Jae Ji Lee〉 (聊齋志異) can be brought together to accept the cultural paradigm that it attempts to explain.

Transmission ability of Zika virus with artificially infected Aedes albopictus in Korea

Yang Sung‐Chan,Lee Hee-Il,Kim Hyunwoo,Lee Wook‐Gyo 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8

Zika virus (ZIKV), a virus mainly occurring in South America, is now globally distributed. Understanding the pathogen transmission cycle in a vector is exceptionally important in developing disease control strategies. In this study, we performed ZIKV microinjection in Aedes albopictus (Skuese), to estimate its vertical and horizontal transmission ability. The virus infection rate was confirmed by real-time qPCR in the F1 generation derived from the ZIKV-injected Ae. albopictus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the F1 generation was highest when they were injected with the virus at 6–12 h (MIR: 16.1) and lowest at 12–24 h (MIR: 4.7) after feeding. In the developmental stage of the F1 progeny, MIR values were 1.0, 1.3, and 6.7 in each egg, larval, and adult stage, respectively, but ZIKV was not detected in the pupa stage. Virus transmission ability was not significantly different between the collection areas (Tongyeong and Jeju). Ae. albopictus demonstrated a high venereal transmission rate of ZIKV and was detected in males (6 pool/7 pool) and females (6 pool/7 pool), confirming that ZIKV can be transmitted from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mosquitoes via mating. This is the first study of the administration of a ZIKV microinjection to Ae. albopictus in Korea and suggests a possibility of a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions via vertical transmission.

수면확성기의 음향특성에 관한 연구

이창헌,문종욱,박용석,최찬문,서두옥 제주대학교 해양연구소 1998 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.22 No.-

To obtain the fundamental data on a surface speaker made to lure fish school by pure sound, three surface speakers were made of moving coil driver units of 75W and 50W respectively. Their frequency characteristic was measured in the range of 200 - 4mHz that could be used in luring fish school. The results of the measurements in air and sea are follows. 1. The input and output wave forms of a surface speaker were similar to each other in measurement frequencies in air. Then sound pressure of a surface speaker made of 75W driver units among them was over 130dB(0dB re 20μ Pa) in the range of 300 - 400Hz maximally. 2. When the surface speaker with 75W driver units emitted the measurement frequencies at sea. Sound pressure classified by the depth of water were over 140dB at 1m and 120dB at 20m(0dB re 1μ Pa) respectively.

문서작성과 인영 날인의 선 후 관계에 관한 연구 : 필적과 인영 작성 관계의 순서에 대하여

이영수,최섭,김동욱,양후열,진명수,박찬문 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

수중 가청음에 대한 멸치 어군의 행동 반응

이창헌,문종욱,박용석,최찬문,서두옥 제주대학교 해양연구소 1998 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.22 No.-

A field experiment was carried out to confirm the effect of underwater sound on the luring of fish school using a surface speaker at the coast of Cheju Island. Underwater sounds that were emitted for the luring of fish school were the pure sound of which frequencies were 200Hz and 300Hz. 1. The sound pressure level of 100Hz. 200Hz. 300Hz. 500Hz and 1000Hz classified by the depth of water at sea were 95dB. 100dB. l00dB 80dB and 60dB at 1m. 90dB. 95dB. 88dB. 70dB and 45dB at 10m. 87dB, 90dB. 82dB. 65dB and 42dB at 20m respectively. 2. The effect of the emitted pure sound of 200Hz and 300Hz was remarkable for luring of fish school in about 30 minutes after sound emission. Then Sound pressure was 120 - 130dB. The lured fish school was the shoal of anchovy 3. The fact that anchovy school geathered at 200Hz and 300Hz suggested that this fish school did not show sensitive response to the change of frequencies.

냉매조건에 따른 열교환기의 성능특성

이종인,권일욱,박찬수,하옥남 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2003 機械技術硏究 Vol.6 No.1

These days, an attention of environment has been increasing all over the world. To prevent the green house effect and destruction of an ozone layer, an ozone destruction potential(ODP) be zero and a refrigerant for low global warming potential(GWP) is needed. HFC-134a, in which hydrogen is mixed instead of chlorine is a refrigerant used for automobile conditioners and its destruction potential is ecologically zero. However, it is not considered as a perfect substitutive refrigerant as its GWP is high. It is studied refrigerant mixtures in which HFC-134a, HFX-152a and CF₃I with low GWP and zero ODP are mixed by experimentally and concluded as follows : 1) With the variation of speed of compressor, outdoor air temperature effects the performance of air-conditioner, and the performance characteristics differ from according to the refrigerant. 2) Evaporator capacity is constant, condenser capacity is 6% more HFC-134a than mixed refrigerant. 3) The required power is higher than other mixed refrigerant of HFC-152a.

삼천지의 곤충상

이종욱,류성만,서경인,전영태,배찬영 嶺南大學校 基礎科學 硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

We studied insect fauna in the Samchun-impoundment during the period of from September 1997 to August 1998. The total number of insect taxa are composed to 95 species in 86 genera, 39 families and 8 orders in this examination.

띠로 보는 運數 풀이 그 虛와 實

이찬욱 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 2003 人文學硏究 Vol.35 No.-

時調의 演行樣式 考察

李澯旭 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 人文學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

16C 士林派 文學의 自然觀

李澯旭 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 2003 人文學硏究 Vol.35 No.-