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Inflammatory Markers and Brain Volume in Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Chaeyeon Yang(Chaeyeon Yang),Kang-Min Choi(Kang-Min Choi),Jungwon Han(Jungwon Han),Hyang Sook Kim(Hyang Sook Kim),Sang-Shin Park(Sang-Shin Park),Seung-Hwan Lee(Seung-Hwan Lee) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2
Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by increased inflammatory processing and altered brain volume. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inflammatory markers and brain volume in patients with PTSD. Methods: Forty-five patients with PTSD, and 70 healthy controls (HC) completed clinical assessments and self-reported psychopathology scales. Factors associated with inflammatory responses including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and four inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, cortisol, Interleukin-6, and homocysteine) and T1-magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were measured. Results: In the PTSD group, cortisol level was significantly lower (t = 2.438, p = 0.046) than that of the HC. Cortisol level was significantly negatively correlated with the left thalamus proper (r = −0.369, p = 0.035), right thalamus proper (r = −0.394, p = 0.014), right frontal pole (r = −0.348, p = 0.039), left occipital pole (r = −0.338, p = 0.044), and right superior occipital gyrus (r = −0.397, p = 0.008) in patients with PTSD. However, these significant correlations were not observed in HC. Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased cortisol level, even though its average level was lower than that of HC, is associated with smaller volumes of the thalamus, right frontal pole, left occipital pole, and right superior occipital gyrus in patients with PTSD. Cortisol, a major stress hormone, might be a reliable biomarker to brain volumes and pathophysiological pathways in patients with PTSD.
Yang Chaeyeon,Kwon Aeran,Jung Bori,Lee Hyun Seo,Kim Hyang Sook,Lee Seung-Hwan 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.10
Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation considering the effects of genetic and environmental factors in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by focusing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism and social support, respectively.Methods One-hundred fourteen patients with PTSD and 94 healthy controls (HCs) were genotyped with respect to BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. All participants underwent psychological assessments. The hierarchical regression analysis and the simple slope analysis were conducted.Results As for patients with PTSD, the moderation effect of BDNF polymorphism was significant but not for social support. Specifically, the BDNF Val/Val genotype worked as a risk factor and strengthens the relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation. As for the HCs, the significant moderation effect was found only in social support, but not for BDNF polymorphism. The relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation was weakened for the HCs with high social support.Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant BDNF genetic vulnerability for suicide in patients with PTSD who experienced childhood physical abuse. Our results suggested that social support provided a mitigating effect on the relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation only in the HCs.
Electroceutical and Bioelectric Therapy: Its Advantages and Limitations
Bori Jung(Bori Jung),Chaeyeon Yang(Chaeyeon Yang),Seung-Hwan Lee(Seung-Hwan Lee) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.1
Given the long history, the field of electroceutical and bioelectric therapy has grown impressively, recognized as the main modality of mental health treatments along with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Electroceutical and bioelectric therapy comprises electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), and other brain stimulation techniques. Much empirical research has been published regarding the application guidelines, mechanism of action, and efficacy of respective brain stimulation techniques, but no comparative study that delineates the advantages and limitations of each therapy exists for a comprehensive understanding of each technique. This review provides a comparison of existing electroceutical and bioelectric techniques, primarily focusing on the therapeutic advantages and limitations of each therapy in the current electroceutical and bioelectric field.
Vagus Nerves Stimulation: Clinical Implication and Practical Issue as a Neuropsychiatric Treatment
Bori Jung,Chaeyeon Yang,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.1
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved as an adjunctive treatment for epilepsy and depression. As the progress of VNS treatment for these neuropsychiatric disorders continues, its applications have expanded to a wide range of conditions, including inflammatory diseases to cognitive dysfunctions. The branches of the vagal nerves directly or indirectly innervate the anatomical structures implicated in these neuropsychiatric conditions, which has led to promising results regarding the effectiveness of VNS. Previous studies investigating the effectiveness of VNS have mostly utilized invasive forms of stimulation. However, current preclinical and clinical research indicates that non-invasive forms of VNS, such as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, hold the promise for treating various neuropsychiatric conditions. This review aims to delve into relevant clinical studies of VNS in various illness states, different methods of VNS, and the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects in these neuropsychiatric conditions.
이채연(Yi, Chaeyeon),양호진(Yang, Hojin),이광진(Lee, Gwangjin),배민기(Bae, Mingi) 한국측량학회 2021 한국측량학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2021 No.11
본 연구에서는 청주시를 대상으로 열스트레스가 높은 지역을 발굴하고 폭염 피해에 대응하기 위해 그린루프(옥상녹화), 쿨루프(차열페인트), 쿨링포그(안개분사), 클린로드(도로살수), 도시녹지 시나리오를 적용하였다. 도시규모의 미기후해석모델링 기법을 이용하여 폭염피해저감 시설이 온도나 열쾌적지수를 낮추는데 효과적인지를 추정하였다. 단기적으로 시행되는 쿨링포그와 클린로드는 물을 이용한 일시적인 기온 감소의 효과를 나타내나 시간지연에 따라 약간 상승하는 경향을 보이며, 열쾌적지수(UTCI)를 낮은 수준으로 변화시킨다. 장기적으로 그린루프와 쿨루프는 건물 지붕표면의 알베도를 변화시켜 표면온도를 낮추는 효과가 있다. 쿨루프를 적용한 지역은 초기에 기온 감소의 폭이 크며, 낮 동안 일사량 및 복사량이 증가함에도 불구하고 기온상승 폭이 가장 약한 것으로 나타났다. 도시 내에서 열스트레스가 가장 높은 산업단지를 상세분석한 결과, 열쾌적지수를 낮은 수준으로 변경한 시나리오는 쿨링포그, 쿨루프, 도시녹지 조성 시나리오였다. 이 3가지 시나리오가 청주에서 가장 열방출이 높은 산업단지와 주변지역에 적합하게 구현된다면 도시의 열환경과 에너지 소비가 개선될 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과가 폭염저감 시설 설치 및 폭염대응 정책에 대한 의사결정에 대한 민감도를 높이는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.