http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Reparations: The Problem of Social Dominance
Carlton Waterhouse, J.D. 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2016 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.6 No.1
In theory, reparations provide redress for past injustices. They reflect political attempts to seek to balance the scales of justice in the wake of crimes against humanity, gross human rights abuses, and other tortious state action. As one of the more politically salient legal academic subjects, however, it is clear that the sociopolitical processes within and between states greatly influence when, why, and how reparations are used. Reparations theorists have done an excellent job developing vital models for use by states to provide warranted redress. Roy L. Brooks and Eric Yamamoto, both of whom have contributed to this journal in the past, have developed the Atonement and Social Healing models of reparations respectively.
Identifying precursors and aqueous organic aerosol formation pathways during the SOAS campaign
Sareen, Neha,Carlton, Annmarie G.,Surratt, Jason D.,Gold, Avram,Lee, Ben,Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.,Mohr, Claudia,Thornton, Joel A.,Zhang, Zhenfa,Lim, Yong B.,Turpin, Barbara J. Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.22
<P>Abstract. Aqueous multiphase chemistry in the atmosphere can lead to rapid transformation of organic compounds, forming highly oxidized, low-volatility organic aerosol and, in some cases, light-absorbing (brown) carbon. Because liquid water is globally abundant, this chemistry could substantially impact climate, air quality, and health. Gas-phase precursors released from biogenic and anthropogenic sources are oxidized and fragmented, forming water-soluble gases that can undergo reactions in the aqueous phase (in clouds, fogs, and wet aerosols), leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOAAQ). Recent studies have highlighted the role of certain precursors like glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, and epoxides in the formation of SOAAQ. The goal of this work is to identify additional precursors and products that may be atmospherically important. In this study, ambient mixtures of water-soluble gases were scrubbed from the atmosphere into water at Brent, Alabama, during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). Hydroxyl (OH⚫) radical oxidation experiments were conducted with the aqueous mixtures collected from SOAS to better understand the formation of SOA through gas-phase followed by aqueous-phase chemistry. Total aqueous-phase organic carbon concentrations for these mixtures ranged from 92 to 179 µM-C, relevant for cloud and fog waters. Aqueous OH-reactive compounds were primarily observed as odd ions in the positive ion mode by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ultra high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) spectra and tandem MS (MS-MS) fragmentation of these ions were consistent with the presence of carbonyls and tetrols. Products were observed in the negative ion mode and included pyruvate and oxalate, which were confirmed by ion chromatography. Pyruvate and oxalate have been found in the particle phase in many locations (as salts and complexes). Thus, formation of pyruvate/oxalate suggests the potential for aqueous processing of these ambient mixtures to form SOAAQ. </P>
Wu, J,Carlton, D,Oelker, E,Park, J S,Jin, E,Arenholz, E,Scholl, A,Hwang, Chanyong,Bokor, J,Qiu, Z Q IOP Pub 2010 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.22 No.34
<P>Epitaxial Py/Cu/Co/Cu(001) trilayers were patterned into micron sized disks and imaged using element-specific photoemission electron microscopy. By varying the Cu spacer layer thickness, we study how the coupling between the two magnetic layers influences the formation of magnetic vortex states. We find that while the Py and Co disks form magnetic vortex domains when the interlayer coupling is ferromagnetic, the magnetic vortex domains of the Py and Co disks break into anti-parallel aligned multidomains when the interlayer coupling is antiferromagnetic. We explain this result in terms of magnetic flux closure between the Py and Co layers for the antiferromagnetic coupling case.</P>
DIFFUSION of SOFTWARE INNOVATION : A MIGRATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE
HAN JIYEON,Clive Carlton Sanford,OOK LEE 한국경영정보학회 2010 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.1
This project will theorize and validate a model of user switching of information technology (IT) products. Drawing from migration theory from human geography, we hypothesize push factors, pull factors, intervening obstacles, and individual differences as predictors of IT switching, operationalize these constructs within the IT switching context, and postulate nomological relationships to explain IT switching intention. Empirical data from a field survey of international SoC (Systems on Chip) designers on how and why they either continue to use or switch to other systems development software for multiprocessors will be used to test our hypothesized model of IT switching. This study will contribute to research by postulating a preliminary theory of IT switching that can serve as a starting point for further research in this area, providing a linkage between the IT acceptance and continuance streams of research, and presenting human geography as a referent discipline for IT usage research. For practitioners, this study alerts organizational managers, IT vendors, and systems developers to the challenges and opportunities of IT switching and suggests strategies to help enable or mitigate IT switching in their target populations
An Exploratory Study on Maximizing Tendency and Continuance Intention of Web Sites
이규동,이재은,Clive Carlton Sanford 한국경영정보학회 2010 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.20 No.3
Although research on acceptance of information systems provides useful insights in understanding users’ behavior, we need to further understand factors that cause long-term or continued use. This article therefore examines the role of users’ maximizing tendency (i.e., individual differences in pursuing the best option) in continuance intention of Web sites. By controlling for disconfirmation, ease of use, and product involvement, we empirically investigate the relationships between satisfaction, usefulness, and continuance intention to online bookstore Web sites. As suggested by the information technology continuance model, the effects of satisfaction to and perceived usefulness on continuance intention to Web sites are positive for individuals with low maximizing tendency (i.e., satisficers). Satisfaction and usefulness, however, are not associated with continuance intention for individuals with a high maximizing tendency (i.e., maximizers). The implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
이규동,이재은,Clive Carlton Sanford 한국유통경영학회 2012 유통경영학회지 Vol.15 No.2
This study investigates the roles of relational factors on continuance intention of Web sites in the consumer-business context. Based on the information technology continuance model, we explore the effects of trust and perceived relationship investment on the use of online bookstores including control variables such as satisfaction and perceived usefulness. The results of our survey (N = 191) show that there are significant relationships between trust, perceived relationship investment, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and continuance intention of Web sites. In addition, this paper employs regret proneness to explore individual differences in the switching behavior. Regret proneness moderates the effects of trust and the perception of relationship investment on the continuance intention. For individuals with low regret proneness, trust and perceived relationship investment are not significant antecedents of continuance intention. However, the relationships are positive for those with high regret proneness. Results suggests better understanding of continued use of online distribution channels. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.