Factors associated with the survival of colorectal cancer in Mexico

( Carlos Quezada-gutiérrez ),( María Teresa Álvarez-bañuelos ),( Jaime Morales-romero ),( Clara Luz Sampieri ),( Raúl Enrique Guzmán-garcía ),( Evangelina Montes-villaseñor ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.3

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. In Mexico, there have been no recent studies conducted on survival in terms of this pathology or on the influence of prognostic factors. The study aims to determine the probability of survival in patients with CRC presence of low levels of schooling and a rural population, adjusted for clinical stage and type of treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 305 patients with CRC treated at State Cancer Center, located in Veracruz-Mexico; the follow-up period of 60 months (2012-2016). The survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the log-rank test with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prognostic factors were determined using hazard ratio (HR) multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Overall survival was 40% at 60 months. Subjects in the age group ≥65 years had a low survival rate of 28% (P=0.026) and an advanced clinical stage of 22% (P<0.001). Of the patients with bone metastasis, none survived longer than 5 years (P=0.008). With respect to the unfavorable prognostic factors identified in the multivariate analysis, a decreased level of schooling was associated with an HR of 7.6 (95% CI, 1.1-54.7), advanced clinical stage was associated with an HR of 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-4.0), and the presence of metastasis had an HR of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1-2.9). Conclusions: Poor prognostic factors include an advanced clinical stage, the presence of metastasis and a low level of schooling. These findings confirm the importance of screening for early diagnosis, diminishing the barriers to accessing treatment and prospectively monitoring the population. (Intest Res 2020;18:315-324)

Efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Carlos Eduardo Montes Cardona,Herney Andrés García-Perdomo 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.2

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) as medical expulsive therapy (MET) for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi. Materials and Methods: A search strategy was conducted in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase databases. Searches were also conducted in other databases and unpublished literature. Clinical trials were included without language restrictions. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. An analysis of random effects due to statistical heterogeneity was conducted. The primary outcome was the expulsion rate of the distal ureteral calculus in 28 days. The secondary outcomes were the time to expulsion, side effects of treatment, and amount (mg) of nonopioid analgesia. The measure of the effect was the risk difference (RD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The planned interventions were PDE5i vs. placebo, tadalafil vs. placebo, and tadalafil vs. tamsulosin. Results: Four articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Records of 580 patients were found among the four studies. A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items. The calculi expulsion rate had an RD of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.15–0.37) and a less prolonged expulsion as a secondary outcome with a mean difference of -4.39 days (95% CI, -6.69 to -2.09) in favor of PDE5i compared with the placebo. No significant difference was found for these outcomes when comparing tadalafil with tamsulosin. Conclusions: Compared with a placebo, PDE5i could be effective as MET for the treatment of distal ureter calculi.

Calculus of the defect severity with EMATs by analysing the attenuation curves of the guided wave

Carlos Q. Gómez,Fausto P. García,Alfredo Arcos,Liang Cheng,Maria Kogia,Mayorkinos Papelias 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.19 No.2

The aim of this paper is to develop a novel method to determine the severity of a damage in a thin plate. This paper presents a novel fault detection and diagnosis approach employing a new electromagnetic acoustic transducer, called EMAT, together with a complex signal processing method. The method consists in the recognition of a fault that exists within the structure, the fault location, i.e. the identification of the geometric position of damage, and the determining the significance of the damage, which indicates the importance or severity of the defect. The main scientific novelties presented in this paper is: to develop of a new type of electromagnetic acoustic transducer; to incorporate wavelet transforms for signal representation enhancements; to investigate multi-parametric analysis for noise identification and defect classification; to study attenuation curves properties for defect localization improvement; flaw sizing and location algorithm development.

Usefulness of Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Psychiatric Clinical Practice: A Case Report

Manuel A. Franco-Martin,Francisco Sans,Belen García-Berrocal,Cristina Blanco,Carlos Llanes-Alvarez,María Isidoro-García 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.3

There are many factors involved in the effectiveness and efficiency of psychiatric drug treatment. One of them is psychotropic drug metabolism, which takes place mostly in the liver through the P450 enzyme system. However, there are genotypic variants of this system’s enzymes that can directly affect both the efficacy and the onset of side effects of a given therapeutic regimen. These genotypic changes could partly explain the lack of efficacy of treatment in certain patients. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with bipolar type I disorder that presented multiple and frequent manic episodes in which the efficacy and tolerability of several pharmacological regimens with mood stabilizers and antipsychotics was scarce. The choice of medical treatment should be based on its efficacy and side effect profile. This decision can be made more accurately using the information provided by pharmacogenetic analysis. This case illustrates the importance of pharmacogenetic studies in clinical practice. The results of pharmacogenetic analysis helped to decide on a better treatment plan to achieve clinical improvement and reduce drug-induced adverse effects.

Bio-structural monitoring of bone mineral alterations through electromechanical impedance measurements of a Piezo-device joined to a tooth

Tinoco Hector A.,Cardona Carlos I.,Marín-Berrio Maribel L. F.,García-Grisales Juliana,Gomez Juan P.,Roldan Samuel I.,Peña Fabio M.,Brinek Adam,Kalasová Dominika,Kaiser Jozef,Zikmund Tomas 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.4

Bone presents different systemic functionalities as calcium phosphate reservoir, organ protection, among others. For that reason, the bone health conditions are essential to keep in equilibrium the metabolism of several body systems. Different technologies exist to diagnose bone conditions with invasive methods based on ionizing radiation. Therefore, there is a challenge to develop new ways to evaluate bone alterations in a noninvasive form. This study shows the assessment of a piezo-actuated device acting on a human tooth for the bio-monitoring of bone alterations. The bone diagnosis is performed by applying the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI), commonly used in structural health monitoring. For the experimental tests, five bone samples were prepared, and one was chosen as the monitoring. All samples were put in a decalcifying substance (TBD1 acid–base) at different times to emulate localized bone mineral alterations. Bone reductions were computed by using X-ray micro-computed tomography analyzing the morphometry. Electrical resistance measurements (piezo-device) were taken for the monitoring specimen meanwhile it was partially decalcified during 8520 seconds. In the frequency spectrum, several observation windows showed that the bone alterations gradually changed the electrical resistance signals which were quantified statistically. Results evidenced that the bone density changes are correlated with the electrical resistance measurements; these changes presented an exponential behavior as much as in the calculated index, and bone mineral reduction. The results demonstrated that bone alterations exhibit linear dependence with the computed statistical indexes. This result confirms that it is possible to observe the bone changes from the teeth as a future application.

First report of splenic myelolipoma in a Schnauzer in Colombia: case report

Valentina Rueda-García,Nicolas Carrillo-Godoy,Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Gutiérrez,Alejandra Valdivieso-Valencia,Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

Splenic myelolipoma is a rare tumor in dogs with an unclear origin. A male 13-year-old Schnauzer dog was presented because of a bump on the left side of the abdomen. Clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the spleen. A total splenectomy was carried out, and histopathology revealed a splenic myelolipoma. Before surgery, the patient showed high serum alanine aminotransferase levels, which returned to normal eight months after the resection. Unfortunately, the postoperative follow-up showed increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, suggesting liver compromise. This is the first report of a splenic myelolipoma in Colombia.

Competition/antagonism associations of biofilm formation among Staphylococcus epidermidis Agr groups I, II, and III

Sergio Martínez-García,César I. Ortiz-García,Marisa Cruz-Aguilar,Juan Carlos Zenteno,José Martin Murrieta-Coxca,Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia,Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez,Mario E. Cancino-Diaz,Juan C. Cancino- 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.2

Staphylococci have quorum-sensing (QS) systems that enable cell-to-cell communication, as well as the regulation of numerous colonization and virulence factors. The accessory gene regulator (Agr) operon is one of the Staphylococcus genus QS systems. Three groups (I, II, and III) are present in Staphylococcus epidermidis Agr operon. To date, it is unknown whether Agr groups can interact symbiotically during biofilm development. This study analyzed a symbiotic association among Agr groups during biofilm formation in clinical and commensal isolates. Different combinations among Agr group isolates was used to study biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo (using a mouse catheter-infection model). The analysis of Agr groups were also performed from samples of human skin (head, armpits, and nostrils). Different predominant coexistence was found within biofilms, suggesting symbiosis type. In vitro, Agr I had a competition with Agr II and Agr III. Agr II had a competition with Agr III, and Agr II was an antagonist to Agr I and III when the three strains were combined. In vivo, Agr II had a competition to Agr I, but Agr I and II were antagonists to Agr III. The associations found in vitro and in vivo were also found in different sites of the skin. Besides, other associations were observed: Agr III antagonized Agr I and II, and Agr III competed with Agr I and Agr II. These results suggest that, in S. epidermidis, a symbiotic association of competition and antagonism occurs among different Agr groups during biofilm formation.

Dietary encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis and Agave fructans improve growth performance, health parameters, and immune response in broiler chickens

Hernández-Granados María José,Ortiz-Basurto Rosa Isela,Jiménez-Fernández Maribel,García-Munguía Carlos Alberto,Franco-Robles Elena 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.4

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives.Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans.Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group.Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

Un balance preliminar de nueve años de política exterior de México (2006-2015): continuidad y cambio

David García Contreras,·Carlos Uscanga 부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원 2016 이베로아메리카 Vol.18 No.2

This article analyzes the last nine years of Mexico's foreign policy including the government of Felipe Calderon Hinojosa and the first half of Enrique Peña Nieto. During that period they can be studied comparatively aspects of continuity and change, as well as internal factors (social violence, legitimacy and fight against organized crime) which have been included in the design of international strategies and margins of maneuver both governments in the international arena. El presente artículo analiza los últimos nueve años de la política exterior de México que incluye el gobierno de Felipe Calderón Hinojosa y la primera mitad de Enrique Peña Nieto. Durante ese periodo pueden ser estudiados de manera comparativa los aspectos de continuidad y cambio, así como los factores internos (violencia social, legitimidad y lucha contra el crimen organizado) que han influido en el diseño de las estrategias internacionales y en los márgenes de maniobra de ambos gobiernos en el ámbito internacional

Shear Rate and Microturbulence Effects on the Synthesis of Proteases by Jacaratia mexicana Cells Cultured in a Bubble Column, Airlift, and Stirred Tank Bioreactors

María del Carmen Oliver-Salvador,Elisa Morales-López,Enrique Durán-Páramo,Carlos Orozco-Álvarez,Sergio García-Salas 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4

Cysteine proteases from Jacaratia mexicana,an endemic Mexican plant, could compete in industrial applications with papain. Currently the only way to obtain these proteases is by extracting them from the wild plant. An alternative source of these enzymes is by J. mexicana suspension culture. In this work, this culture was carried out in airlift, bubble column and stirred tank bioreactors,and the effects of shear rate and microturbulence on cell growth, protein accumulation and proteolytic activity were determined. The shear rates in the stirred tank, bubble column and airlift bioreactors were 274 1/s, 13 1/s and 36 1/s respectively, and microturbulences (symbolized by λ, in units of μm) were 46, 79, and 77 μm, respectively. Protein levels and proteolytic activity were linearly correlated with both shear rate and microturbulence. A higher shear rate and a more intensive microturbulence occurred in the stirred tank, producing higher protein accumulation and higher proteolytic activity compared with those of the other two bioreactor systems. Higher shear rate and microturbulence had an elicitor effect on protease synthesis, because microturbulence in stirred tank bioreactors was lower than the average length of J. mexicana cells. Furthermore, cells in the stirred tank were smaller and thinner than those grown in shake flask, bubble column and airlift bioreactors. In summary, proteases were produced by J. mexicana cell cultures in a stirred tank under conditions of high shear rate and intensive microturbulence, which are similar to those which occur in industrial stirred tanks. These results encourage continuation of the process development for large scale production of these proteases by this technology.