중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생의 언어적 상호작용 분석

최경희,박종윤,최병순,남정희,최경순,이기순 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 관찰ㆍ분석하여 이에 대한 특징을 추출함으로써 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수업 분석 준거를 개발하였으며, 8명의 과학 교사의 수업 12차시를 관찰 및 녹화하였으며, 교사와의 면담을 실시하였다. 수업 분석 결과, 관찰한 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용은 주로 교사의 단순 확인/기억 질문, 학생의 단답형 응답, 교사의 즉각적 피드백이 주를 이루었다. 교사가 사고 질문을 하고 지연 피드백을 부여 하는 경우 학생들이 자신의 생각을 드러내고 이를 기반으로 사고를 진전시켜 나갈 수 있었으나 이러한 사례는 그 수가 상당히 적었다. 교사들은 학생들의 사고를 유발하고 이를 진전시키기 위한 노력보다는 수업 내용을 논리적 흐름에 맞추어 체계적으로 제시하는 것에 더 큰 중점을 두는 경향이 있었다. 또한 관찰한 수업에서 교사가 시범 실험, 모형 혹은 실물 수업자료 등을 활용할 때 보다 많은 수의 학생들이 적극적으로 수업에 참여하여 자신의 생각을 드러내었으나 교사가 학생들의 생각을 바탕으로 학생들의 사고과정을 진전시켜 나가는 과정을 도모하지 않음으로써 학생들의 사고과정을 단절시키는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 수업 활동과 수업 자료 활용이 효과를 거두기 위해서는 각각의 활용에 있어서 학생들과 구체적으로 어떠한 상호 작용을 형성해야 하는지에 대해 연구가 이루어져야하며, 또한 교사는 교사의 질문이나 피드백이 학생들의 학습에 중요한 역할을 함을 인식해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze verbal interaction between teachers and students in order to collect qualitative data on the characteristics of the interaction to enhance teaching efficacy. Total of 12 classes of eight science teachers were observed and were interviewed. The classes were video taped and all the verbal interactions were transcribed. The transcribed content and interviews were further analyzed to draw any conclusions on the verbal interaction between teachers and students. Analysis criteria for the data on the class and interview were developed based on the literature review and applied to analyze the collected content. The analyzed data showed that verbal interactions composed of confirmation questions for memorization, students' short responses and teacher's immediate feedbacks. The results of the study also suggested that there needs to be further studies on the interactional techniques for teacher in utilizing the class materials and activities. The teachers should acknowledge the importance of the questions and feedbacks of teachers for students to stimulate their sound learning through literatures.

밀도의 개념 변화에 미치는 순환학습의 효과

최병순,홍순경 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1991 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Learning Cycle approach to change the concept of density. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Students already had various types of preconception related to density before formal learning. These preconceptions mostly differ from scientific concepts. 2) Male students were much better than female ones in the development of scientific concepts before formal learning. These differences were found statistically significant(P<0.01). 3) The higher the cognitive level of the students, the better the development of scientific concepts. 4) In the change of preconceptions to scientific concepts by treatment, there was significant difference between control group and experimental group at the 0.05 level. It was found that Learning Cycle approaches were more effective than traditional approaches in acquiring the concept of density. 5) It was found that there was no significant difference on the retention level of the concept of density between control group and experimental group.

디지털 확장환경에서 PDA 디자인개발을 위한 기초요소 연구

최병오,이길순 한국기초조형학회 2003 기초조형학연구 Vol.4 No.1

고도의 지식정보사회로 오면서 고객의 라이프 스타일과 계층의 다양화, 생활 및 소비의 개성화, 개별화의 진전으로 인한 사회구조의 다극화, 고도화가 이루어지면서 나타난 사이버 공간의 탄생과 인터넷의 확산은 산업과 정보, 지식 등에 실시간화를 촉진시켰다. 이러한 네트웍 기술은 인간의 감각과 감성, 행동, 라이프 스타일이 갖는 아날로그적인 욕구를 완전하게 충족시켜 줄 수 있는 능력을 보유하게 되었다. 따라서 이를 개선하기 위해서는 사용자를 고려한 편의성 개선이나 화면 그래픽을 통해 이루어지는 기능시나리오와 같이 인간의 감각과 정보처리 과정을 포함하는 인지과정에 대한 정밀한 분석과 이해가 우선 요구된다. 그리고 지금까지와는 다른 형태와 방식의 디자인 활동이 요구되며 디지털 환경에서는 디자인과 같이 소프트하고 창의적인 활동이 기업 경영의 가장 중요한 승부처가 되어야 할 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 사용자의 감성, 경험과 학습에서 인지된 상징성을 형상화하고, 재질의 변경에 따른 형태와 표면질감, 기능과 색상의 실험적인 적용을 통하여 제품의 물리적 기능과 함께 심미적 가치를 부여하며, 합리적이고 바람직한 방법을 통한 PDA 디자인개발을 위한 디자인의 기초요소에 관한 연구를 하고자 한다. As our society has become a highly developed society of intelligence and information, some elements such as lifestyle of customers, diversification of the classes, individualities of living and spending, multipolarized and highly advanced framework of society, have created cyberspace and have spread the use of the internet. And, that has also made the industry, information and knowledge real-time accessible. Nevertheless, digital technology and the products so far have been developed under the extension of engineering concepts, and these are too complicated and hard to use. To improve these points, close analyses and understanding on the sensing process including the sense of a human and the data processing such as Human Interface and Graphic User Interface, are required. So, design activities which are different from the previous forms and methods of activities, are required. And, in the digital environment, flexible and creative activities such as design should be the one of the most important elements in management. Therefore, in this thesis, we materializes cognized symbols through sense, experiences and learning of customers, give an aesthetical values to the physical function by applying shape and touch of the surface, colors and functions with the change of the materials, try to study on design of PDAs using reasonable and desirable methods.

우레탄도료(TDI)에 의한 직업성 천식 3례

최병순,정해관 大韓産業醫學會 1992 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

TDI-induced bronchial asthma is an important occupation-related disease. The prevalence rate of this asthma is 5-15% of people exposed to TDI. The patients of cases complained of chronic cough, sputum and dyspnea after exposure to TDI. Serum IgE and total eosinophil count were within normal range. In case 1, FEV₁was 59.9% of predicted value on initial visit. FEV₁was decreased to 62.9% of baseline and wheezing sound was detected on 15 minutes after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Only immediate reaction was observed. FEV₁was improved to normal ragne 10months later after cease of exposure to TDI. In case 2, FEV₁was 74.2% of predicted value on inital visti, and 44.6% on the second visit. After inhalation of bronchodiator. FEV₁was improved 18.1%. FEV₁was decreased to 40.6% and 49.8% of baseline on 15 minutes and 350minutes, respectively, after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Dual reaction was observed. In case 3, FEV₁was 48.2% of predicted value on initial visit. FEV₁was decreased to 58.6% and 62.0% of baseline on 20 minutes and 310 minutes, respectively, after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Dual reaction was observed. On follow up examination, the patient complained of an intermittent dyspnea and FEV₁was 51.1% of predicated value.

ℓ-Carnitine의 金屬錯化合物에 관한 硏究

崔秉箕,金順美,趙顯英 同德女子大學校 1987 同大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

In order to clarify transportation, the mode of action of intracellular ℓ-Carnitine related to the β-oxidation of fatty acid. metal (Cu++, Cd++, Mn++, Mg++, Ni++ And Zn++) coordination complexes of ℓ-Carnitine were studied on acid dissociation, stability constant, thermal stability, and functional radical chelated with metal by means of I.R. spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and Bjerrum's method. The obtained results are summerized as follows: 1. The acid dissociation constant of ℓ-Carnitine in aqueous solution(μ=0.02) was found to be 6.3×10-5 at 25℃. 2. L-carnitine has formed metal coordination complex with Ni++, Co++, Zn++, Mn++, Mg++ an Cd+. From data calculated p[A-] and n, stability constants (log K₂ and log K₃) are obtainde; Metal Complex Cd Co Mn Mg Ni Zn log K₂ 2.7 - - 3.22 - - log K₃ 3.05 2.84 3.33 3.07 2.85 3.83 3. According to I.R. spectral data, amino and carboxyl groups of ℓ-carnitine are assumed to participate in the complex formation. 4. According to differential thermal analysis, each metal-carnitine coordination complex has been shown Mn>Zn>Cd>Mg>Ni>Co in thermal stability. 5. It is assumed that metal/ligand ratios has 1:3 approximately.

근로자 폐기능검사 현황과 정도관리 요인에 대한 연구

최정근,손미아,김현경,백도명,최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Lung function test can be influenced by technical as well as biological variables, and the quality control of test has been stressed as an important part of lung function test program. This study was done to survey the current status of lung function test program in workers' health examination, and examine the variability of test results when quality control is not achieved. Forty nine Workers' Health Examination Institutes and 7 Pneumoconiosis Referal Centers were surveyed for their current lung function tests, types of spirometers, and performance of technicians. To examine the effect of quality control program of lung function tests on the variability of test results, 118 miners were tested under a quality control guideline and the results were compared to those obtained ignoring 4 major areas of the guideline - spirometer calibration, minimum number of tests per session, suitable prediction equations, and selection process of final results for each tested subject. Among surveyed Institutes and Centers, only 38%(20/53) are performing any calibration of spirometers, and most of those calibrations are done automatically by the machine. All the surveyed Institutes and Centers obtain acceptable tests no more than 2 times. The background of technicians include office workers and nurse aids without an adequate training in pulmonary physiology, and the testing posture and formats vary among Institutes and Centers. When the types of pulmonary dysfunction under the definition of the Ministry of labor were compared between those obtained with and without quality control guidelines, spirometer calibration affected the test results in 6(5.1%) out of 118 subjects. The change in the minimum number of adequate tests from 1 to 3 and more brought changes in 19(16.1%) subjects. The test results of 9(7.6%) subjects differed between two different prediction equations, and the results of 7(5.9%) subjects differed between two different selection process of final results. The current practice of lung function tests of workers needs quality control programs, and the results of this study indicate that the first remedy should be to bring the minimum number of acceptable test to more than 3.

진폐증의 연구와 진단을 위한 방사선학적 방법들의 비교 : Simple Radiography and Computed Tomography 단순 방사선검사와 컴퓨터 단층촬영

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The classification for pneumoconiosis which was developed by International Labour Office(ILO) on the basis of Radiological findings of simple chest radiography has been widely used for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. But many problems have been revealed during the pneumoconiosis study using this classification. Those problems come from simple radiography itself or classification systems. Among those, inter-reader and intra-reader variability are the severest problems, even though many efforts have been devoted to lessen the variability. With introduction of computed tomography(conventional CT and HRCT), we are learning many new aspects about the occupational lung diseases, especially pneumoconiosis. So the studies for pneumoconiosis using tomography are reviewed, focusing on silicosis, coalworkers' pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis. But in our country, the studies of that kind are very scant. It is necessary to study and diagnose pneumoconiosis by CT, because that is the need of workers and the responsibility of physicians working in the field of occupational medicine. CT is superior to simple radiography in early detection, determination of severity, and follow-up of pneumoconiosis. But simple radiography is and should be the main method for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Although, because of radiation hazard, cost, time, and geographical availability, the method can not and should not be used on the routine basis, we have to consider the use of CT, if possible and if necessary. Before using CT widely, we should develop the standardized criteria regarding to scanning methods and reading criteria. If not, the same problems as those of simple radiography will be occurred, and then there will be no progress in occupational medicine and workers' health.

한국의 석탄광업에서 발생한 진폐증의 실태 : 발생에 관여하는 요인 및 발생률 Risk Factors and Incidence Density

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Pneumoconiosis, especially Coalworkers' Pneumoconiosis(CWP), is the principal occupation-related disease in Korea because of the large number of effected workers. Coal mines and miners have been reduced abruptly during recent 8 year, but coal mining should be kept in Korea. Recently, pneumoconiotic workers are increasing in manufacturing industry. It is necessary to know the characteristics of CWP to prevent the development of CWP and manage employed or retired pneumoconiotic workers. Furthermore, it is also necessary to study CWP to protect workers from pneumoconiosis in manufacturing industry. Of the total of 6,452 workers who were diagnosed as CWP initially during the 20 years from 1973 to 1992, X-ray category was as follows : category 1(35.2%). category 2(23.1%), suspicious(0/1 category, 13.4%), category 3(5.7%), large opacity(3.5%), unknown by complete classification(19.1%). The patients' cardiopulmonary disability was as follows : no disability 79.3%, slight 14.2%, mild 4.1%, moderate 1.9%, severe 0.5%. The patients' X-ray category and disability were not related with the initially exposed age or job position, but their severity was positively related with the exposed duration that was adjusted by the initially exposed age. Also, the patients' X-ray category and disability had positive relationship each other. the cumulative exposure dose of silica was more important than that of respirable dust in the development of large opacity CWP. The annual incidence density of CWP was 73.2 persons in 1982 and 75.8 persons in 1986 per 10,000 person years. Afterthen it has been gradually decreasing and was in the range of 20-30 persons in the period of 1989-1992.

진폐소견의 판독에 영향을 미치는 요인

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

To find the factors affecting reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings of simple chest P-A films and to develop the definite quality assurance (Q.A) program for the reading of pneumoconiosis, I gathered the reading reports of the previously developed forty four chest films from nationwide thirty nine radiologists and compared those with the findings decided by the stepwise panel readings of the highly qualified eight radiologists. The reading agreement of profusion by complete of short classification was higher in the radiologists with sufficient reading experiences of pneumoconiosis during residency training. It was also higher in the radiologists with reference to ILO standard films or those working in the agencies for pneumoconiosis within one category of profusion by complete classification. Other factors were not related with the reading agreement of profusion. In small opacity and pleural thickening, there were not any consistent and meaningful findings between the reading agreement and radiologists' characteristics. From the above results, it is necessary to develop the Q.A program to improve the reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings, especially small opacity and pleural lesions.

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.