중온 침출수 재순환 혐기성 소화 시스템을 이용한 음식물류 폐기물 처리

조찬휘ㆍ이병희ㆍ이용운(Chan Hui ChoㆍByong hi LeeㆍYong Woon Lee) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 침출수 재순환 시스템을 적용한 중온 혐기성소화를 이용하여 음식물류 폐기물을 분해하여 메탄가스를 생산하였다. 실험은 36℃로 유지되는 항온수조 내에 생물반응조와 침출수 저장조로 구성된 2개의 동일한 시스템(System A, System B)을 사용하였고, 생물반응조 하단 30 mm위에는 스크린이 있어 고액분리를 하여 침출수 저장조로 침출수를 이송하였다. 침출수 재순환은 매일 수행하였으며, 침출수 재순환 시에는 생물반응조 하단에서 침출수 저장조로 2.5 L를 30분간 이송한 뒤 다시 침출수 저장조에서 생물반응조 상부로 2.5 L를 30분간 주입하였다. 주입된 음식물류 폐기물은 수집되기 전 한 번 세척하였으며 반응조에 주입되기 전에 36℃로 온도를 올렸다. System A에 49.1 g VS, System B에 54.0 g VS을 2주 간격으로 투입하였다. 저해인자로 측정된 항목은 NH₄⁺-N과 염도였으며, 두 가지 항목의 농도 모두 시스템에 끼친 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. System A는 112일간, System B는 140일 동안 운전하였는데, 각 시스템에서 인발된 슬러지는 없었다. 음식물류 폐기물의 혐기성 소화를 통한 평균 메탄 발생량은 System A의 경우 0.439 L CH4/g VS, System B의 경우 0.368 L CH4/g VS로 나타났다. In this study, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of source separated food waste was carried out by leachate recirculation system and methane gas was produced. Two systems - system A and B were fabricated and placed within water bath to maintain 36℃. Each system was comprised of an anaerobic bioreactor and a leachate tank. Leachate in bioreactor was separated through the screen located at 30 mm above the bottom and a pump was installed to transfer collected leachate to the leachate tank. Everyday, 2.5 L of the leachate was pumped from the bioreactor to the leachate tank for 30 min and transferred leachate was pumped back to the top of the bioreactor for 30min, sequentially. Source separated food waste used for this experiment was washed by water before transferring to the laboratory. Transferred food waste was warmed to 36℃ before being fed to bioreactors. System A was fed to 49.1 g VS (Volatile Solids) and System B was fed to 54.0 g VS at every two weeks, respectively. NH₄⁺-N and salinity were monitored to see the inhibition toward anaerobic bioreaction and it was found that concentrations of these materials were not high enough to affect the bioreaction. Although the food waste was fed biweekly for 112 days and 140 days at system A and B, respectively, there was no sludge withdrawal from each system. Average methane productions rates were 0.439 L CH4/g VS and 0.368 L CH4/g VS for system A and B, respectively.

『박소촌화』 所載 <마포유일정> 연구

이병직(Lee, Byong-Jik) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2012 한국민족문화 Vol.43 No.-

이 글은 18세기 여러 야담집을 비롯하여 각종 문헌에 수록된 강상효녀담의 하나인 <마포>를 중심으로 작품의 형성 시기와 창작의식을 검토하고 서사문학적 의미를 밝히는데 목적을 두었다. 강상효녀담은 1709년 무렵 형성되었다고 알려져 있으나 이동윤의 <마포>에 기록된 관련 정보를 근거로 할 때 1700년을 전후하여 성립하였을 가능성이 있다. <마포>의 사건 내용은 초기 강상효녀담인 이홍덕의 전과 유사하며, 강상효녀의 효열과 시비의 충렬을 기린다는 목적 또한 동일하다. 하지만 <마포>에서는 여아의 의리를 문제삼는 것에서 더 나아가 작품에 등장하는 관련인물을 평가하는 것으로 내용을 확대하였다. 이동윤은 <마포>를 통해 노론 우위의 당파적 입장을 분명히 하였고, 관련 인물인 정유악의 비판과 이천기의 옹호를 통해 의리 문제를 강조하기 위해 강상효녀담을 적절하게 이용하였다고 볼 수 있다. <마포>를 비롯한 강상효녀담은 문헌과 구연 등 다양한 전승경로가 있다. 초기 강상효녀를 다룬 작품에서는 ‘복수’를 완성한 여주인공의 절행에 초점이 맞추어져 있지만, 후대로 갈수록 수용하는 사람의 취향이나 기록자의 지향가치에 따라 내용에서 다양한 변이가 일어났다. <마포>는 강상효녀담의 형성 시기, 창작의식을 검토하기 위한 자료로서의 의의를 가질 뿐만 아니라 개별 작품이 어떤 구연 과정을 거쳐 문헌에 정착되는가 하는 점, 이 과정에서 이야기꾼으로서의 존재 가능성을 엿볼 수 있다는 점에서 서사문학적 의미를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. This thesis is supposed to clarify the birth period of work, creative motive, and the meaning of epic literacy focused on <Mafo>, which is one of GangSang filial daughter stories collected in many writings. It is said that GangSang filial daughter stories were formed around 1709. But we can guess they could be formed judging in 1700 from the basis of <Mafo> written by Lee DongYoon. The story of <Mafo> was similar to that of GangSang filial daughter in the early time. And in the terms of commemorating a daughter"s filial piety and a servant"s unswerving loyalty, it seems that these two had similar intention. But <Mafo> had enlarged the daughter"s obligation more seriously. Lee DongYoon clarified the faction attitude of conservative party through <Mafo>. Also he emphasized obligation matter by criticizing Jong YooAk and defending Lee CheonGee. GangSang filial daughter stories like <Mafo> have been passed through literature works and oral narration. Especially, as time goes by, these stories have changed a lot by the people"s aptitude and writers" directivity value. <Mafo> has special meaning as a data to search for the originating time and creative motive of GangSang filial daughter stories. We can figure out that this work has a big epic literature meaning because the writer of this story had potential as a storyteller and how each work could be passed and settled in literature documents.

[PH-0006] Effects of organic liquid fertilizers from livestock manure on plant growth, antioxidants, and soil microbial population for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis).

Jun Kyung Lee(Jun Kyung Lee ),Na Yeon Jo(Na Yeon Jo ),Woo Yong Jeong(Woo Yong Jeong ),Ki Wung Kwak(Ki Wung Kwak ),Byong O Lee(Byong O Lee ),Myung Gyu Lee(Myung Gyu Lee ),Sun Goo Hwang(Sun Goo Hwang ) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

파종시기에 따른 콩 품종별 품질 및 이화학 특성

이지혜(Ji Hae Lee),김현주(Hyun-Joo Kim),이병원(Byong Won Lee),이유영(Yu Young Lee),전용희(Yong Hee Jeon),이병규(Byoung Kyu Lee),이유영(Yu Young Lee),전용희(Yong Hee Jeon),이병규(Byoung Kyu Lee),우관식(Koan Sik Woo) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

콩의 품질기준 설정의 일환으로 중북부지역에서 생산된 콩의 품종 및 파종시기에 따른 일반성분, 품질 및 항산화 특성을 검토하였다. 콩의 수분, 조회분, 조지방, 조단백질, 탄수화물 등 일반성분 함량은 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 콩의 명도는 품종별로 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 파종시기에 따라 청두1호와 청미인 품종이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 적색도는 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 황색도는 품종별로 유의적인 차이를 보였고 파종시기에 따라 진품콩과 검정5호를 제외하고 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 콩의 수분결합력과 팽윤력은 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 용해도는 품종별로 유의적인 차이를 보였고 파종시기에 따라 미소를 제외한 품종에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 콩의 페놀 성분 함량과 라디칼 소거 활성은 품종별로 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 새단백 품종의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 보통기보다 만기재배 시 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 종피색이 검정색인 검정5호와 청자3호 품종이 다른 품종에 비해 높게 나타났다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 미소, 새단백, 청미인, 청자3호 품종이 보통기보다 만기 재배 시 유의적으로 증가하였고, 대원콩, 진품콩, 청두1호, 검정5호 품종은 유의적으로 감소하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 파종시기에 따라 진품콩을 제외하고 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 콩의 수분 특성은 조회분, 조지방, 조단백질 함량과 상관관계가 있었고, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 등 항산화 성분 함량과 라디칼 소거 활성은 조지방, 조단백질, 명도, 황색도와 상관성을 나타내었다. 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 페놀 성분 함량과 라디칼 소거 활성이 달라지므로 재배지역의 환경을 고려하여 파종시기를 결정할 필요가 있고 농업 지대에 따른 품종별 파종시기 설정에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다. The proximate compositions, quality, and physicochemical characteristics of soybean of different variety and two different seeding periods were evaluated. The proximate compositions of soybean differed significantly according to variety and two seeding period. Additionally, the L-, a-, and b-values of soybean differed significantly according to the varieties. Water binding capacity and swelling power of soybean were significantly different among varieties and seeding periods. Water solubility index showed a significant difference with varieties, as well as a significant difference with seeding periods except for Miso. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging activity of soybean were significantly different among varieties. Total polyphenol content and ABTS radical scavenging activity differed significantly with varieties and with seeding periods except for Miso. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a significant difference with seeding periods except for Jinpumkong. Phenol content and radical scavenging activity differed depending on varieties and seeding periods. Therefore, it is necessary to study the proper variety and seeding time considering the environment of cultivation area.

쌀보리 품종 및 도정률에 따른 항산화 및 Tyrosinase 저해 활성 평가

이석기(Seuk Ki Lee),우관식(Koan Sik Woo),이해림(Haelim Lee),이지혜(Jihae Lee),이병원(Byong Won Lee),이유영(Yu-Young Lee),이병규(Byoungkyu Lee),김선림(Sun Lim Kim),김현주(Hyun-Joo Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.12

쌀보리를 식품 및 공중보건산업에서 기능성 소재로서의 활용가능성을 알아보고자 쌀보리 품종(새찰쌀, 흰찰쌀, 새쌀) 및 도정률(95%, 85%, 75%)에 따른 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 평가하였다. 각각의 시료를 70% 에탄올에 1:10의 비율로 48시간 추출하여 여과 후 동결건조 하여 실험에 사용하였다. 95% 도정률을 기준으로 한 쌀보리 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 각각 5.90, 4.63 및 17.57 mg TE/g sample로 나타났으며, FRAP 값을 측정한 결과 새쌀보리 추출물이 1,041.53 μM로 가장 높은 환원력을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 새찰쌀, 흰찰쌀 및 새쌀보리 추출물의 tyrosinase 저해 활성이 각각 30.64, 38.62 및 60.64%로 새쌀보리 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량 측정 결과 새쌀보리 추출물은 172.51 μg GAE/g sample, 새찰쌀보리 48.87 μg GAE/g sample, 흰찰쌀보리 44.58 μg GAE/g sample로 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 품종 및 도정률에 따른 플라보노이드 함량 측정 결과 총 폴리페놀 함량 결과와 경향이 동일하게 나타났다. 쌀보리의 도정률이 증가할수록 맥강에 함유되어 있는 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 등과 같은 기능성분이 제거됨에 따라 항산화 및 미백 등의 생리활성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 쌀보리의 품종 및 도정률에 따라 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성의 차이를 보였으며, 쌀보리를 이용한 기능성 제품의 개발에 있어서 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of barley cultivars [Saechalssalbori (SC), Huinchalssalbori (H), and Saessalbori (S)] and different milling recovery rates (95%, 85%, and 75%) on antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results show that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of SC, H, and S extracts based on 95% coverage were 5.90, 4.63, and 17.57 mg Trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value of S extract with 95% milling recovery was the highest at 1,041.53 μM. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of SC, H, and S extracts were 30.64, 38.62, and 60.64%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents of SC, H, and S extracts based on 95% coverage were 48.87, 44.58, and 172.51 μg gallic acid equivalent/g sample, respectively. The total flavonoid content was highest in S extract with 95% milling recovery. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP value, tyrosinase inhibitory effect, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents of barley extracts were reduced as milling recovery rate decreased. The results of this study suggest that milling recovery and cultivar of barley are important factors to improve the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of barley.

Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in Korea : The 1999-2005 Cohort

Lee, Ho-Su,Yang, Suk-Kyun,Soh, Jae Seung,Lee, Seohyun,Bae, Jung Ho,Lee, Hyo Jeong,Park, Sang Hyoung,Yang, Dong-Hoon,Kim, Kyung-Jo,Ye, Byong Duk,Byeon, Jeong-Sik,Myung, Seung-Jae,Yoon, Yong Sik,Yu, Cha Oxford University Press 2015 Inflammatory bowel diseases Vol.21 No.8

<P>No previous studies have evaluated the long-term outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) in non-Caucasian populations. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of Korean patients with ASUC.</P>

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil Growing for Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with using Lime Bordeaux and Lime Sulphur Mixture

Lee, Hyun Ho,Kim, Keun Ki,Lee, Yong Bok,Kwak, Youn Sig,Ko, Byong Gu,Lee, Sang Beom,Shim, Chang Ki,Hong, Chang Oh 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

Lime bordeaux mixture (LBM) and lime sulfur mixture (LSM) are representative environmental friendly organic materials for prevention of insect pests in South Korea. Recently, those have been widely used as an alternative for chemical pesticides in eco-friendly farms. However, South Korea has not established even recommendation of LBM and LSM considering the stability of heavy metals in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of hazardous heavy metals in soil and plant with long-term application of LBM and LSM. Firstly, we investigated the amount of LBM and LSM used per year in several eco-friendly farms to determine a standard application rate of both materials. The pepper plant was grown on the pot in greenhouse for 14 weeks. Both materials were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 9 times of standard application rates (2.56 and $1.28L\;ha^{-1}$ of LBM and LSM per year, respectively). Dry matter yield of pepper and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentration in soil and pepper plant were measured after 14 weeks. Yield of pepper plant did not significantly chang with up to application rate of 1 times, thereafter it markedly decreased with more than 3 times. With increasing LBM and LSM application, the concentration of Cu and Zn in soil significantly increased. Especially, Zn concentration in pepper significantly increased with increasing application rates of both materials. This might resulted in significant decrease in dry matter yield of pepper. The concentrations of those heavy metals in soil did not exceed safety levels ($150mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn) established by the Korean Soil Environmental Conservation Act as well as concentration of heavy metals in pepper plant by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, particular attention should be paid for heavy metal safety and crop productivity when using LBM and LSM in the organic farm.

NMR Study on the B-Z Junction Formation of DNA Duplexes Induced by Z-DNA Binding Domain of Human ADAR1

Lee, Yeon-Mi,Kim, Hee-Eun,Park, Chin-Ju,Lee, Ae-Ree,Ahn, Hee-Chul,Cho, Sung Jae,Choi, Kwang-Ho,Choi, Byong-Seok,Lee, Joon-Hwa American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.11

Differentiation of isoflavones of breeding populations between high and low isoflavones soybean

Byong Won Lee,Myeong Gi Jong,Min Ko,Hyun Tae Kim,Won-Young Han,Sang-Ouk Shin,Hong Tae Yoon,In Youl Baek 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Soybean isoflavones include daidzein, genistein and glycitein with their glycosides, and their malonated derivatives are the main polyphenolic compounds that are helpful for human health. Our research objective was to investigate the differentitation of soybean isoflavones contents of breeding populations between high and low isoflavones contained soybean. Isoflavones contents in soybean are a wide range from 500 to 7000 ㎍/g. In this study, we used Ilmi (Isoflavones content, 3.108 ㎍/g) as male parent and Dajin (Isoflavones content, 578 ㎍/g) as female parent. From these varieties, we got 165 breeding lines which have isoflavones content range from 472 to 2973 ㎍/g. Isflavone contents in breeding lines showed normal distribution.

Comparison of Heavy Metal(loid)s Contamination of Soil between Conventional and Organic Fruit Farms

Lee, Hyun Ho,Kim, Keun Ki,Lee, Yong Bok,Kwak, Youn Sig,Ko, Byong Gu,Lee, Sang Beom,Shim, Chang Ki,Hong, Chang Oh 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.