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Change of Refraction while Viewing through the Periphery of Spectacle Lens
Byeon-Yeon Moon,Jong Hwan Sa,Dong-Sik Yu,Sang-Yeob Kim,Hyun Gug Cho 대한시과학회 2018 대한시과학회지 Vol.20 No.2
목적: 안경렌즈의 주변부를 통해서 주시할 때 발생하는 굴절의 변화를 살펴보았다. 방법: 렌즈의 주변부를 통해 봤을 때 굴절력의 변화를 측정하기 위해 렌즈미터의 렌즈 받침부(lens support)로부터 25mm아래에 있는 회전축을 중심으로 주시각도만큼 렌즈가 기울어진 상태에서 렌즈미터로 굴절력을 측정하였으며, 광학중심부와 주변부에서 측정한 굴절력과 비교하였다. 또한 주시각도에 따른 두께의 변화와 정점간 거리의 변화가 굴절에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 결과: 주시각도가 커짐에 따라 시선이 지나가는 렌즈의 두께는 증가하지만 교정굴절력에 큰 영향을 미칠 정도는 아니었다. 주시각도가 증가하면 정점간 거리도 증가하게 되며 추가 (-)굴절력이 필요하다. 주시각도가 30゜이내일 때 추가 굴절력은 –0.1D이하이다. 주시각도가 증가할 때 최소굴절력(구면굴절력)은 기준굴절력과 대체로 큰 차이가 없었다. 원주굴절력은 주시각도 10゜정도까지는 거의 발생되지 않았으나 주시각도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 주변시에서 비점수차 등의 수차에 의한 굴절력의 변화는 렌즈의 사용 환경과 취급에서 고려되어야 할 것이다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of refraction while viewing through the periphery of spectacle lens. Methods : In order to measure the change of refractive power while viewing through the periphery of the lens, the refractive power was measured with a digital lensmeter when the lens was tilted by gaze angle around a rotation axis which was 25 mm below from the lens support of lensmeter, and compared with refractive powers measured at the optical center and periphery. The effects of the refraction caused by the changes of lens thickness and vertex distance according to the gaze angle were also examined. Results : The thickness of a lens at a point of gaze was increased with the increase of the gaze angle, but not so much as to affect the correction power. As the gaze angle increased, the vertex distance increased and additional (-) correction power was required. At the gaze angles within 30゜, the additional power was less than -0.1D. In most cases, as the gaze angle increased, the minimum refractive power (spherical power) was not significantly different from the reference refractive power. Cylindrical power was hardly observed up to about 10゜, but increased with increasing the gaze angle. Conclusions : The change of refractive power caused by aberrations such as astigmatism in the peripheral vision should be considered in the use environment and handling of lenses.
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Jae Il Byeon(변재일),Tae Woo Ohr(오태우),Young Suk Kim(김영숙),Yeon Gyu Moon(문연규),Cherl Woo Park(박철우),Jeong Ok Kim(김정옥),Yeong Lae Ha(하영래) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.9
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)와 γ-oryzanol (OZ) 혼합물의 mouse 체지방 및 복부지방 감소에 관한 연구를 하였다. Female ICR mice (10주 령)을 몸무게 차이가 없도록 Control (70 μl olive oil + 30 μl CLA), CLA-OZ 1 (70 μl olive oil + 30 μl CLA + 0.5 ㎎ OZ), CLA-OZ 2 (70 μl olive oil + 30 μl CLA + 1.0 ㎎ OZ), OZ (100 μl olive oil + 1.0 ㎎ OZ) 및 Olive oil (100 μl olive oil)로 구분하였다. 처리시료는 매일 4주간 경구투여 하였고 식이와 물은 자유롭게 먹게 하였다. 시료처리 4주 후에 mice의 몸무게를 달고 탈골법으로 sacrifice하여 전체몸무게, 복부지방 무게, 장기와 복부지방을 제거한 나머지 부분 무게 (empty carcass weight: ECW)를 측정하였다. CLA (control) 처리는 olive oil 처리에 비해 유의성 있게 몸무게, ECW, 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시켜 CLA가 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다. CLA-OZ 1 처리는 OZ 처리에 비해서는 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰으나 CLA (control) 처리에 비해서는 유의성이 없었다. 또한 CLA-OZ 2 처리는 control 처리 및 OZ 처리에 비해 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 CLA와 OZ를 혼합하여 처리한 mice에서 이들을 각각 단독으로 처리한 mice에서보다 복부지방 및 체지방이 많이 감소되어 OZ가 CLA의 지방감소 작용에 상승효과가 있음을 의미한다. The synergistic effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and γ-oryzanol (OZ) on the reduction of visceral and body fats was investigated in mice. Female ICR mice, 10 weeks of age, were acclimated for one week and then randomly divided into 5 treatment groups by body weights: Control (70 μl olive oil + 30 μ CLA), CLA-OZ 1 (70 μl olive oil + 30 μl CLA + OZ 0.5 ㎎), CLA-OZ 2 (70 μl olive oil + 30 μl CLA + OZ 1.0 ㎎), OZ (100 μl olive oil + OZ 1.0 ㎎), and Olive oil (100 μl olive oil). Samples were daily intubated, p.o., for 4 weeks. Food and water were ad libitum. Four weeks later, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation, followed by measuring whole body weight, empty carcass weight (ECW), which is weight without organs and visceral fats, visceral fats, body fats and protein content. Mice treated with CLA (control) sample maintained significantly, p<0.05, lower whole body weight, ECW, visceral and body fats, relative to mice treated with olive oil sample, indicating that CLA reduces the visceral and body fats. The CLA-OZ 1 treatment significantly reduced, p<0.05, visceral and body fats as compared to OZ treatment, but not significantly different from control treatment. Meanwhile, CLA-OZ 2-treated mice maintained significantly, p<0.05, lower visceral and body fats than control and OZ-treated mice. Protein contents in mice were not affected by any other treatments. These results suggest that OZ enhanced the reduction of visceral and body fats in mice by CLA.
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기술노트 : 춘천시 일부 농촌 지역의 음용수 수질에 관한 조사연구
박수정 ( Su Jung Park ),김문경 ( Moon Kyung Kim ),기영선 ( Young Sun Ki ),오소린 ( So Rin Oh ),신미연 ( Mi Yeon Shin ),오지윤 ( Ji Yoon Oh ),변재철 ( Jae Cheol Byeon ),이성민 ( Seong Min Lee ),정은희 ( Eun Hee Jung ),김은미 ( Eun 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2006 한국물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3
This study was conducted in the summer of 2005 in Shindong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do to assess the quality of drinking water and to evaluate their potential pollutants. Ninety four water samples were collected from three classes of water supplies such as simple piped water, supplied own water and others (Supplied local water). Most residents used simple piped water (72.63%). 31.25% residents thought the water quality was bad and landfill was the main source of pollution that affected water quality. To correspond this perception, water quality was measured according to Drinking Water Quality Standard. The general bacteria, coliforms, and NO3-N exceeded the standard but the water qualities in these four areas were suitable for Drinking Water Quality Standard. The simple piped water showed low mean concentration of excess rate compared to supplied own piped water except general bacteria. Hardness, pH, and NO3-N showed significantly higher effects on drinking water quality. To evaluate the effect of effluent from landfill, water quality was measured according to distance and altitude. However, there was no effect of landfill effluent. To find out the effect of rainfall, we compared water quality of the year 2003 with that of 2005. The result showed significant differences in hardness and NO3-N concentration. This study confirmed that NO3-N, coliforms, and general bacteria are main pollutant of water supply in rural community. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly maintain simple piped water supply, supplement sewer facilities, and educate residents about public health risk associated with drinking water in rural area.
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