Whakataka te hau ki te tonga | prepare for the southerly : Antarctic geopolitics and Aotearoa New Zealand's polar strategy

Burnett, Stephen Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei U 2024 국내석사

This master’s thesis analyses contemporary geopolitical issues in the Antarctic and subsequent risks to Aotearoa New Zealand’s values and interests in order to provide optimal policy and strategic pathways for New Zealand’s polar strategy. The principal objectives of this thesis are to identify and assess the key drivers of intensifying geopolitical competition in the Antarctic and to provide policy recommendations for the New Zealand Government to ensure their interests are protected and values promoted. In the first part of the thesis a brief summary of Antarctica and the Antarctic Treaty System is provided, as well as theoretical frameworks for geopolitics and small states in international relations. The second part of the thesis focuses on the interests, capabilities, and strategies of key international actors in the region – namely the United States, China, Russia, Australia, and the United Kingdom. New Zealand’s connection to, interests in, and strategy for the region is examined in-depth. This thesis then explores the key geopolitical issues presenting in the region – including structural challenges to the Antarctic Treaty System, the risk of militarisation through the employment of dual-use technology, resource management challenges, and the exponential impacts of climate change. Finally, this thesis proposes a range of short-term and long-term policy recommendations to the New Zealand Government to protect and advance their interests and values in light of the presenting challenges in the Antarctic. These recommendations encourage New Zealand to elevate Antarctic issues in their foreign policy, draw on bicultural values in their approach to the region, and drive the Antarctic Treaty System towards a post-colonial era.

THE LANDSCAPES OF WU BIN (C. 1543-C. 1626) AND A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY DISCOURSE OF ORIGINALITY (CHINA)

BURNETT, KATHARINE PERSIS The University Of Michigan 1995 해외박사

A study of some of the factors that contribute to satisfactions and dissatisfactions in the clothing of ninety-two urban low income families

Hall, Katharine Burnette [s.n.] 1955 국내박사

THE SCULPTURED FUNERARY MONUMENTS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD IN THE ATHENIAN AGORA (GREECE)

GROSSMAN, JANET BURNETT New York University 1995 국내박사

Journey of experiences: African American girls' relationships with boyfriends and the lessons they learn

Burnett, Glenda Morris University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Describing African American middle adolescent girls' perceptions of their social interactions and relationships with boyfriends provides insights into the roles of these relationships and the lessons the girls report learning from their experiences. This qualitative study combines components of Africana, Bronfenbrenner's ecosystems and Gilligan's adolescent woman developmental model as contextual frameworks to describe the girls' experiences. Tape recorded interviews were conducted with 12 African American middle adolescent girls 14-16 years of age. Sandelowski's qualitative descriptive research method guided the analysis of the interviews. Summaries were created using descriptors guided by the research areas and the interview guide. The summaries were examined for relationships within each interview, across the girls within their age groups, and across all the girls' interviews. Participants reviewed a summary of all the girls' experiences for its accuracy in reflecting their experiences. Faculty and an advanced practice nurse that have expertise with adolescent girls reviewed the transcribed interviews using the descriptors to explore relationships. The findings show that girlfriends introduce the girls to their boyfriends. Feeling connected to the boyfriend facilitates sharing thoughts and feelings with him. Parents provide information on boyfriend relationships, while girlfriends offer support throughout the relationship. The type of information provided differed between mothers and fathers. Mothers teach about the consequences of behaviors, and fathers monitor the boyfriends' behavior towards him and his daughter. The shared experiences of girlfriends provide a support network for girls to validate their experience. The participants seek advice about boyfriend relationships and receive corroboration on their decisions from girlfriends. The lessons learned reflect the amount of experience with boyfriend relationships and age of the girls. The early middle adolescent girls learn to choose suitable boyfriends. The intermediate middle adolescent girls learn to articulate what they want from a boyfriend relationship. The late middle adolescent girls learn negotiating skills, express what they want in a relationship and what compromises they are willing to make. These findings have implications for parents, health professionals and teachers working with middle adolescent girls.

Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: a perspective from sub-Saharan African and South Africa

Burnett, Rosemary J Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium) 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Background and aim: Hepatitis B (FIB) virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share transmission routes, and cause major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the impact of HIV on the epidemiology of HBV, and investigated FIB vaccination status and HBV serological markers amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). Methodology: HBV serological and DNA assays were conducted on HIV-positive and negative sera of 1420 pregnant women, 303 babies aged 5-24 months, and 295 hospitalised patients, and 192 sera of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. HCWs were surveyed on HB vaccination status and demographics (n=725) and HBV serological status was determined (n=113). Results: (a) HBV exposure (the presence of one or more serological marker) was increased in HIV-positive pregnant women; chronic carriage (HBsAg positives) and active HBV infections (HBV DNA positives) were not increased. (b) Most HIV-positive and HIV-negative healthy babies were protected against HBV (anti-HBs positive). Less HIV-positive sick babies were protected than HIV-negatives. (c) Occult HBV (presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg) infections were increased in HIV-positive hospitalised patients. More HIV-positives had HBV DNA in the presence of anti-HBs, and had HBV DNA and anti-HBc (the marker for natural infection) in the absence of other serological markers. (d) The prevalence of HBV exposure, active HBV infection, and occult HBV infection in AIDS patients, was high. (e) The majority of HCWs had received at least one dose of HB vaccine, but few were fully vaccinated. Predictors of vaccination uptake were being a doctor and working in the private sector. (f) Under half of HCWs were protected against HBV through vaccination. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of HBV co-infection in HIV-positives correlates with the degree of HIV progression to AIDS, with studies on healthy HIV-infected individuals reporting much lower increases, than studies on hospitalised HIV-positives and AIDS patients. The stage of HIV progression to AIDS also determines reduced persistence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and increased HBV chronic carriage (including increased occult HB), transmission, and infectivity. There is sub-optimal uptake of the HB vaccine in HCWs resulting in many being at risk for occupational HBV infection.

Information and control in file system buffer management

Burnett, Nathan Christopher The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

By implementing file system caching within the operating system, applications are required to cede to the OS a degree of control over memory utilization and IO scheduling. This dissertation explores ways in which applications can rediscover information hidden by the file system buffer cache and reclaim some of the control ceded to it. We find that this can be achieved without a wholesale redesign of either the operating systems or applications concerned. We present Dust a tool to automatically determine the buffer cache replacement policy of an operating system. We describe a cache-aware web server. Using the information gained through Dust, our cache-aware web server is able to infer the contents of the buffer cache. It uses this information to schedule web connections on an in-cache-first basis, improving throughput and response time. Implicit information can be imprecise. To address this limitation, we modify Linux and NetBSD to expose a list of pages which are about to be evicted. This explicit information is always accurate. We present InfoReplace, a user library which observes that list and touches pages that should remain cached, allowing applications to transform the kernel policy into one of the application's choice. Some applications, such as those that use write-ahead logging, require control over the order in which data is written to disk. We propose two new interfaces by which applications can express write ordering constraints to the operating system. File system barriers introduce the barrier( ) system call. The operating system guarantees that no write operations will be reordered across a barrier. Asynchronous graphs allows applications to specify ordering constraints on a per-write-operation basis. Both would be difficult to implement with only information.

Alternative Fuels and Combustion Strategies for Emissions Reductions: Experimental Studies of C3 Fuel Kinetics

Burnett, Miles ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Identification of alternative fuel sources and combustion strategies are crucial to realizing emissions reductions in the global power and transportation sectors necessary to combat climate change. The use of alcohols produced from biomass, low temperature (<1300 K) combustion, and propulsion systems driven by detonation are three potential emissions reduction strategies driving recent research topics in combustion science. Each faces specific implementation challenges requiring improved understanding of the underlying combustion science to achieve their long-term emissions reduction potential. This dissertation presents fundamental studies of the chemical and physical mechanisms of three fuels of interest to advanced power and propulsion sectors. The studies leverage novel experimental methods to fill gaps in the knowledge of each fuel’s chemistry or gas dynamics. The first study focuses on understanding the reaction pathways important during iso-propanol (a potential biofuel with advantages in low-carbon transportation applications) pyrolysis at low temperatures and moderate pressures. The technical approach used the University of Michigan rapid compression facility (UM-RCF) to achieve desired state conditions while fast-gas sampling and gas chromatography quantified concentrations of iso-propanol and seven stable intermediate species at temperatures of 965 – 1193 K and pressures of 4.4 – 10.0 atm. The results validated dominant decomposition reactions but identified discrepancies in expected rate of iso-propanol decomposition at the highest temperature and in the expected branching pathways producing and consuming ethane at the lowest temperature. The second and third studies focused on ignition characteristics of propane at low temperatures and moderate pressures. Propane is an important fuel for heating and processing and an important alkane for developing hierarchical combustion chemistry. Two studies on propane ignition behavior within the UM-RCF and Tsinghua University rapid compression machine (TU-RCM) were conducted to measure the impacts of localized thermal gradients and thermal boundary layers on ignition characteristics both within and outside of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region for temperatures from 744 – 1070 K and pressures from 8.9 – 25.4 atm at equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0. High speed imaging and pressure measurements were used to identify ignition characteristics and their impact on ignition delay times (IDT). Inhomogeneous, or “weak/mixed”, ignition exhibited meaningful differences between observed IDT and model predictions. Imaging data of thermal boundary layers spanning the NTC region appear to show a stratification of ignition behavior within the reaction chamber but did not demonstrate notable irregularities when compared to model predictions. The results reveal the complexity of interpreting experimental data in weak ignition regimes and complications introduced by NTC behavior. Lastly, the study of iso-propyl nitrate (IPN) as a sensitizer for detonation of propane focused on quantifying the detonation transition characteristics of IPN and propane mixtures, which is important for development of practical pressure-gain engines. The experiments were conducted using the detonation tube at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Orleans, France. Wave speeds, detonation cell sizes, and critical conditions required for detonation were quantified over a range of conditions. The data showed the addition of 10% IPN increased sensitivity to detonation of propane-oxygen mixtures in both dilute and non-dilute mixtures by decreasing the critical conditions by ~5% and ~10% respectively and decreasing the cell size observed in non-dilute mixtures by ~20%, demonstrating that IPN is a promising detonation sensitizer for applications relevant to the development of pulse and rotating detonation engines.

Characterization of conserved residues in the putative uridine binding domain of Escherichia coli pseudouridine 55 synthase

Burnett, Ryan Stephen Georgia Institute of Technology 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

<italic>E. coli</italic> pseudouridine 55 synthase (TruB) is the enzyme responsible for the formation of the widely conserved pseudouridine base residue at position 55 of tRNA. Sequence alignment of four known families of pseudouridine synthase reveals a stretch of amino acids that contain a conserved aspartic acid residue that is essential for enzyme activity. In TruB, amino acid residues near this aspartic acid are the most highly conserved among known homologues of TruB. From the structure of a TruB-RNA complex, this stretch of residues, also known as motif II, forms a loop region at the bottom of the RNA binding cleft. We postulated that these residues were important maintaining structure of the binding region. Additionally, mutant TruB proteins harboring amino acid substitutions were thought to exhibit differences in secondary structure, stability, and RNA binding if structural changes occur. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate mutant isoforms of <italic> E. coli</italic> TruB containing substitutions for conserved residues of motif II. The TruB proteins (H43A, L47A, D48A, D48E, P49A, T52A, and Y68W) were described by measurement of the secondary structure (circular dichroism), by estimated melting temperature (fluorescence spectroscopy), by qualitative binding to commercial tRNA (gel shift mobility assay), and by equilibrium binding (via calorimetric estimation of binding heats) to a synthetic RNA 17-mer analogous to the T-stemloop of tRNA. From a comparison of data between the wild type TruB and the mutant TruB proteins, this project finds that mutation of the conserved residues of the uridine binding domain of <italic>E. coli</italic> TruB result in changes in protein secondary structure as well as a decreased binding affinity to the RNA. Furthermore, some of the mutant proteins (L47A, P49A, and T52A) demonstrated a lower estimated melting temperature compared to the other TruB proteins. These results suggest that substrate binding of TruB is very sensitive to structural changes in the binding cleft.

Youth and familial factors predicting receipt of services among participants in a school-based intervention

Burnett-Zeigler, Inger E Northwestern University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Epidemiological studies have estimated the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders among youth in the United States to be between 20% and 57%. Despite the high rate of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents, there are still a great number of youth with an unmet need for mental health treatment. The school system is an especially important pathway to mental health treatment for youth. This study used data from the System of Care- Chicago (SOC-C) program, a participant in the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program (CMHS). This program was established to facilitate uniform access to community based mental health services for school aged youth with serious emotional and behavioral disorders. This study explored the youth and familial demographic, diagnostic, and social/environmental factors that are related to the number of days youth receive services during six months of participation in the SOC-C program. The data were analyzed using Poisson regressions with youth and familial factors as the independent variables and days of service as the dependant variable. In general, youth and caregiver demographic and diagnostic characteristics significantly predicted the number of days youth received services. Youth clinical factors such as history of physical abuse, drug abuse, suicidal ideation, past suicide attempt, psychiatric medication use, and physical health also predicted the number of days youth received services. Caregiver clinical factors such as caregiver depression, mental illness, drug abuse, and physical health significantly predicted the number of days youth received services. Caregiver education and income also significantly predicted the number of days youth received services, however the relationship was not linear. Finally, other factors such as the number of children and adults in the home, the caregiver's value of the inclusion of cultural considerations in the treatment, and the caregiver's subjective experience of strain were all important predictors for the number of days youth received services. In sum, youth and caregiver demographic, diagnostic, and social/environmental factors are important in predicting the number of days youth receive mental health treatment services.