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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 발행기관 : Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium) (검색결과 1 건)
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Burnett, Rosemary J Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium) 2011 해외박사(DDOD)
Background and aim: Hepatitis B (FIB) virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share transmission routes, and cause major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the impact of HIV on the epidemiology of HBV, and investigated FIB vaccination status and HBV serological markers amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). Methodology: HBV serological and DNA assays were conducted on HIV-positive and negative sera of 1420 pregnant women, 303 babies aged 5-24 months, and 295 hospitalised patients, and 192 sera of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. HCWs were surveyed on HB vaccination status and demographics (n=725) and HBV serological status was determined (n=113). Results: (a) HBV exposure (the presence of one or more serological marker) was increased in HIV-positive pregnant women; chronic carriage (HBsAg positives) and active HBV infections (HBV DNA positives) were not increased. (b) Most HIV-positive and HIV-negative healthy babies were protected against HBV (anti-HBs positive). Less HIV-positive sick babies were protected than HIV-negatives. (c) Occult HBV (presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg) infections were increased in HIV-positive hospitalised patients. More HIV-positives had HBV DNA in the presence of anti-HBs, and had HBV DNA and anti-HBc (the marker for natural infection) in the absence of other serological markers. (d) The prevalence of HBV exposure, active HBV infection, and occult HBV infection in AIDS patients, was high. (e) The majority of HCWs had received at least one dose of HB vaccine, but few were fully vaccinated. Predictors of vaccination uptake were being a doctor and working in the private sector. (f) Under half of HCWs were protected against HBV through vaccination. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of HBV co-infection in HIV-positives correlates with the degree of HIV progression to AIDS, with studies on healthy HIV-infected individuals reporting much lower increases, than studies on hospitalised HIV-positives and AIDS patients. The stage of HIV progression to AIDS also determines reduced persistence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and increased HBV chronic carriage (including increased occult HB), transmission, and infectivity. There is sub-optimal uptake of the HB vaccine in HCWs resulting in many being at risk for occupational HBV infection.
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