Organizing services to the elderly: A tale of two cities (New York City)

Vernis, Alfred New York University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In order to study public-private collaboration the thesis explores the home care service program offered by the New York City Department for the Aging and the Barcelona Department of Social Services. The subject of the analysis is not the home care service in itself, but the relationship between the public agencies that contract out the service and the private organizations that deliver it. The field studies in both cities examined a public or “focal agency”, and a number of private (nonprofit and for-profit) organizations that interact with this agency. The dissertation attempts to discover which factors are important for managing a relationship between a public and a private nonprofit organization over time. Nine interorganizational dimensions and twenty interorganizational variables were selected and studied in detail on both sides of the relationship in New York City and Barcelona. The research also attempts to discover the positive features of the New York City experience in order to try to translate them to Barcelona, and the negative features in order to avoid them. In Europe, there is a general movement by both conservative and liberal governments to provide social services through private organizations. Without doubt, one of the more interesting points on managing of public-private collaboration in social services that Barcelona can learn from New York is the relational model of contracting out compared to the traditional model based exclusively on competition. In order for Barcelona and other cities to adopt the relational model, it is necessary to convince both public managers and politicians of its advantages. In order to be able to translate the New York experience to Barcelona the thesis had to first thoroughly study certain points in both cities, among them evolution of the welfare state, social policies, demographic trends, development of the nonprofit sector, and so on. This clearly revealed that, if Barcelona wants to have a nonprofit sector similar to New York's, it will have to dedicate a great deal of effort toward building public trust.

"Every day was a battle": Liberal anticommunism in Cold War New York, 1944--1956

Link, Daniel J New York University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines the impact of the post-World War II red scare on New York City, and particularly the influence of liberal anticommunism on the city's political culture. During the early Cold War, liberal anticommunists became influential in shaping New York's political order by creating the Liberal Party. Formed by a group of Jewish labor leaders, the Liberal Party drew on their influence and experience, gained from years of actively fighting against Communists within the city's labor unions, to realign the city's dominant political ideology away from the progressive spirit of the Popular Front, and toward a more moderate liberalism. This dissertation uses the Liberal Party as a lens through which to understand the ideology of liberal anticommunists, their influence on New York's political culture, and the role they played in the red scare as it developed in New York and nationally. The influence of liberal anticommunists on the political culture of the United States during the Cold War has garnered scant attention from historians, who have focused primarily on conservatives. The actions of liberal anticommunists in New York reflected a national development among liberals. Throughout the early Cold War, liberals around the country moved to distance themselves from Communists and their allies. Some liberals were motivated by a sincere ideological antipathy toward Communism, but overall they had a shrewd understanding that if radicals could be displaced from the political power they had enjoyed during the Popular Front, liberals would be the beneficiaries. Additionally, this dissertation weighs the impact of the Cold War on New York's Jewish community. Communist and anti-Communist Jews used both religious and cultural appeals in their attempts to win the support of their fellow Jews. The conflict between the two forces represented an internecine struggle among New York's working and middle-class Jews to define a political ideology that would reflect their values and aspirations in the postwar period. Communists and their allies vied for Jewish support by promoting international peace. In contrast, the Liberal Party represented the views of Jews who eschewed radicalism in favor of reform, in part as a means to achieve social respectability.

The role of information in New York higher education policymaking: The budgetary process

Shakespeare, Christine G New York University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This is a dissertation about New York higher education policymaking. The goal was to understand the policymaking process including: the actors involved; their use of information in policymaking; the context within which the actors operated; and the policy changes which ensued. The study considered the historical, constitutional, cultural, and economic context in which higher education policymaking occurs. A policy theory framework was used to ask the following questions about the New York State budgetary process: (1) How is information used in the state higher education policy process; (2) What policy changes have occurred over the last decade; and (3) Which groups are most involved with the changes?. The use of information, the formation of coalitions, and the resultant changes in higher education policy in New York State from 1995--2003 were analyzed using the Advocacy Coalition Framework developed by Paul A. Sabatier. The unit of analysis was the budgetary process. This was a qualitative case study which used data gathered from interviews of state higher education actors. Documents corroborated interview data. There was minimal higher education policy change during the period of study; actors formed coalitions which were stable and predictable; New York higher education actors had limited capacity to process information and utilized simplifying heuristics heavily; New York's limited political opportunity structure forces policymaking to occur primarily through the budget process; and successful changes in New York were aligned with New York's socio-cultural and historical values for higher education and economic opportunity. The conclusion discusses implications for further research in higher education policy using policy change or coalition formation for analysis of the state or nation's contextual elements.

Irish sport and culture at New York's Gaelic Park

Brady, Sara New York University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines Gaelic Park Sports Center in the north Bronx, home to the New York Gaelic Athletic Association (NYGAA), a community-based, nonprofit organization that runs annual seasons of Irish sports: Gaelic football (sort of a cross between rugby and soccer played by men and women), hurling (sort of a cross between lacrosse and field hockey played by men), and camogie (almost identical to hurling, but played by women). Since it opened in 1928, the Park has hosted various cultural non-athletic performances such as concerts, feisanna (Irish dance competitions), ceilis (social gatherings with music and dance), weddings, political rallies, fundraisers, and benefits. The Park consists of a stadium, bleachers, dressing rooms, a banquet room, bar, and ticket booth. The community that gathers at Gaelic Park for events overwhelmingly comes from the population of Irish immigrants who have settled in the New York area since the mid-20th century. These immigrants correspond to three recent waves of Irish immigration to New York: the 1950s, the 1980s, and the late 1990s--present. The community that gathers at Gaelic Park is unique in that, unlike an event such as the New York St. Patrick's Day parade where the "Irish" community performs primarily for an "American" crowd, the performers and spectators at Gaelic Park are overwhelmingly Irish. Other spectators include the descendants of these and previous immigrants, as well as visiting Irish and New Yorkers interested in particular events. This project gives specific attention to how the performances of sport and culture occurring in and around the athletic stadium relate to Irish immigrants to New York with consideration of the various waves of these migrations. I argue that as a site of performance, Gaelic Park allows this varied population of "Irish New Yorkers" to articulate a resilient and resistant version of "Irishness.".

Translocal and multicultural counterpublics: Rumba and la regla de ocha in New York and Havana (Cuba)

Knauer, Lisa Maya New York University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

My dissertation is a study of how individuals craft identities through traditional Afrocuban music and religion in and between the New York metropolitan area and Cuba. The linked practices of the musical complex of rumba and Afrocuban religions such as la regla de ocha (known colloquially as santeria), I argue, form a translocal cultural world with an ambiguous relationship to nation-states, ethnic and geographic communities, and commercial circuits in both the U.S. and Cuba. La regla de ocha in particular has evolved in recent years from a marginal, somewhat clandestine practice to become a global religion. During the past decade, as Cuba has turned to international tourism to resolve its protracted economic crisis, secular and sacred Afrocuban cultures have increased in popularity and social acceptance, both among the population at large and as a point of attraction for foreign tourists. On the one hand, it serves as both a cultural and spiritual resource for individuals trying to negotiate a shifting and uncertain political/economic terrain. Simultaneously, however, it has become a source of social and economic capital for both the Cuban government, which promotes and markets the country's Afrocuban heritage, and also those individuals---especially musicians, dancers and religious practitioners---who come to view it as a livelihood and not simply a way of life. During the same time, in the New York area, the loosely defined communities surrounding rumba and santeria have grown and changed. They have expanded outward to include growing numbers of non-Cubans, but have also been enriched by the constant flow of new migrants from Cuba. In both places, Afrocuban culture is thus a polysemous and highly charged space, a contact zone between people of diverse backgrounds and experiences, motivated by varied and perhaps conflicting needs and desires. These developments are not autonomous, I argue, for these sites are integrally and intimately connected by a regular flow of people, goods and ideas in both directions. They are thus constitutive elements of a multi-sited or translocal public sphere that connects Cuba with significant parts of its diaspora. But they are not exclusively Cuban, so they are linked to other circuits and impulses. My dissertation traces the evolution of rumba and Afrocuban religion in Cuba, and follows the recreation of these practices in the New York area, through the narratives and life experiences of Cubans, Cuban immigrants, and the varied ethnic and racial communities that have embraced these practices. This extended history provides a different perspective on relations between Cuban immigrants and their homeland. Further, because Cuban immigrants have never been a hegemonic force within New York's Latino population, this study situates Cuban immigrants within a broader ethnic and racial context.

Knickerbocker knowledge: Mapping cultural authority in the literature of New York

Bradley, Elizabeth Lee New York University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation I argue that the trope of the “Knickerbocker” has had a formative influence on the definition and development of New York literature and the particular cultural identity that such a literature portrays. Specifically, aspects of Washington Irving's fictional historian, Diedrich Knickerbocker, and his predecessors, can be traced throughout nineteenth- and early twentieth-century literary portraits of New York City and its inhabitants. These continuities over time and genre reflect an ongoing engagement with the idea and terms of cultural authenticity in the city, as well as an abiding interest by New York writers in participating in, as well as chronicling, the arbitrary delineation of “society” through their depiction of its manners, customs, tastes, and members. “Knickerbocker” is a term that has become historical shorthand in the 150 years since its inception: it is a metonym for an old-school, Dutch-descended, native New Yorker, and the qualities that may be attributed to such a person or culture. This study maps the invention and development of the landscape and iconography of Knickerbocker New York through the investigation of a spectrum of literary texts and artifacts of popular culture. Participating narratives in this project of urban self-definition and social circumscription include the writings of Washington Irving and James Kirke Paulding; mid-century literary magazines such as <italic>Knickerbocker Magazine</italic> and the <italic> Democratic Review</italic>; popular accounts of “gaslight” and “Upper Ten” Manhattan, including works from George Foster, Edgar Allan Poe, Benjamin Baker and Charles Astor Bristed; society newspapers and lists such as <italic>Town Topics</italic> and the <italic>Social Register </italic>; etiquette manuals and advertisements; and the “Old New York” novels of Edith Wharton, including <italic>The House of Mirth, The Custom of the Country</italic>, and <italic>The Age of Innocence</italic>. The Knickerbocker genealogy compiled by this study demonstrates how Irving's fictional narrator came to be celebrated as a powerful cultural icon and co-opted as a repository of inherited tastes, enduring values, and correct social usage. Like his name, the society portrayed in Knickerbocker's mock-epic of colonial New York would come to possess a literary life of its own.

Patrolling the borders: Integration, identity, and patrol work in the New York City Police Department, 1941--1975

Darien, Andrew Todd New York University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The icon of the New York City police officer has occupied a unique place in the eclectic imagination of New Yorkers. For many of the city's residents in the first half of the twentieth century, New York's finest—the bluest of blue collars—conjured up notions of sturdiness, devotion, virility, and working-class machismo. While that image was relatively fixed in popular discourse until the 1960s, some New Yorkers maintained a far less flattering portrait of the man on the beat as crude, sexist, bigoted, and ominous. Regardless of one's assessment of the “typical” police officer, before 1960 few New Yorkers could dispute that he was a white male, usually of Irish descent. This project investigates the history of women and black and Puerto Rican men who crossed the “thin blue line.” It begins with the democratic promise of World War II and ends with New York's fiscal crisis in the early seventies. The heart of the dissertation focuses on the sixties, which begot a number of lively debates regarding the gender and racial boundaries of patrol work. As a bastion of white male labor well into the sixties, the history of patrol work can help to illustrate the contours of identity as manifested in the workplace. While the world of the patrol officer differed from other workplaces, its public and visible role made it an ideal subject for debates regarding fair employment practices, identity, and citizenship. The history of patrol work provides a particularly useful lens through which one can identify who had the authority to define what it meant to be a man or a woman or a member of a minority community, and how that power shifted over time. By interrogating the employment practices of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), one can identify who had the authority to construct, shape, bend, and re-form the racial and gender boundaries of patrol work.

Citizen participation in city planning, New York City, 1945--1975

Reaven, Marci New York University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation explores how the practice of city planning in New York City came to incorporate "citizen participation" in the three decades after World War II. At the beginning of this period, planning in New York was characterized by a lack of transparency, absence of citizen involvement, and the powerful, controlling presence of planning czar Robert Moses. By period's end, citizens had become accepted parties to land use decision-making, and formal procedures for involving citizens in planning had been written into local law. I explain that this turning point came about not by premeditated campaign but by a cumulative process of change. Government, planning professionals, grassroots organizations, and civic and social agencies all participated. Among these actors were voluntary groups, including the Cooper Square Committee, a key focus here; the Citizens Union; members of community boards; advocacy planners; officials and citizens involved in the War on Poverty Programs; and city government figures, especially during Mayor John Lindsay's administration. I also look at the motivations and interactions that galvanized these protagonists. They reacted to the upheavals caused by urban renewal, but also to fears about citizen alienation in mass, urban society, and to anxieties about effective governance in New York. Alliances, good fortune, and strategy advanced the cause, but so did surmounting conflicts and obstacles. What proponents shared was a belief that the practice of city planning should not exist outside of a democratic political framework. To challenge and change this state of affairs, they were willing to learn through practice and in public, to experiment and to innovate. I examine the process of "social learning" in which they elaborated ideas about housing, citizenship, and cities, and also created the organizational, institutional, and policy forms to carry those ideas forward. By 1975, their efforts had given rise to a public newly attentive to city planning who wanted to help shape its effects. Implementing that desire was circumscribed by the limited power that the drive for citizen participation achieved. But this study shows that the movement changed the political landscape of planning and gave more leverage to a broader range of stakeholders.

Essays on Urban Land Markets

Gedal, Michael New York University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study provides new empirical evidence on urban land markets. In the first essay, I show that in cities where redevelopment is common, "teardown" sales are a tractable and reliable method for estimating land values. The second and third essays use information from teardown sales to empirically assess several important theoretical predictions about barriers to urban redevelopment emanating from the private market. The second paper offers some of the first direct empirical estimates on the effects of holdout sellers on the price of residential land. My estimates suggest that, but for strategic bargaining by holdout owners, the price of land for redevelopment would be significantly lower in high-demand cities like New York. These findings may also be suggestive of holdout owners causing project delays and frictions in the market for urban land assembly. Paper three provides indirect evidence on holdouts. I find strong evidence that the price-size function is increasing among smaller lots, as theory predicts will occur in the presence of significant assembly costs. However, this relationship is only made apparent when lot area is measured relative to a proxy for the optimal lot size. This study contributes to the existing literature in multiple ways. First, I present and analyze a rich new dataset of land values and redevelopment activity in New York. Second, I provide new evidence on a promising approach for estimating land values in built-out cities, the so-called "teardown" method developed by Rosenthal and Helsley (1994). Third, this study helps fill a gap in the empirical literature on urban land markets. There is considerable anecdotal evidence and theoretical work on the effects of holdouts on land prices and redevelopment decisions, but the existing body of empirical work is sparse. In papers two and three, I present some of the first empirical evidence validating two important theoretical predictions: first, holdout bargaining drives up the cost of land for redevelopment; second, among lots most likely to experience assembly, the unit price of land increases with parcel size ("plottage").

A case study of Middle College High School, 1972--2003: An effort to improve the persistence of at risk students in high school and to facilitate their access to college (New York)

Carter, Hazel M New York University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

LaGuardia Community College was asked by the City University of New York Chancellor to provide a plan to increase high school retention, improve graduate rates at the secondary level, and attract adolescents to higher education. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the response, Middle College High School, and the reasons for its success in retaining students who have been defined by New York City middle schools as potential dropouts while maintaining high graduation rates of around 90 percent and college-going rates of over 95 percent. The study incorporates the perspectives of students, faculty and administrators on the issues they confront as well as the process through which Middle College improves opportunities for completing high school and attending college. Additionally, this study proposes adaptations to a theoretical model of the Institutional Adaptation to Student Retention and provides lessons from the Middle College experience can benefit institutions wishing to address education gaps through linkages between the sectors. Administrators and researchers who are looking for ways of improving retention and achievement of at-risk students should find it useful. Technological advancements have made postsecondary education a virtual prerequisite to economic success. It is not only in the interest of employers that the population receives the type of education that will allow them to succeed economically. Higher education institutions also depend on all students to persist through the educational pipeline if they are to keep their doors open. The Middle College model demonstrates that a well-designed and collaboratively supported program can effectively help students and shows the commitment of a higher education institution to partnering with the school system. Large urban communities can benefit from lessons learned as this model can be used to serve an even larger number of students. Middle College, a school-college collaborative program, brings together the New York City's Department of Education with the City University of New York. Given the disparity between the governance structures of these two institutions, the success of the Middle College program highlights its uniqueness and is one of the most promising approaches to keeping students in school and helping them succeed.