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Enhanced Performance in Polymer Solar Cells by Surface Energy Control
Bulliard, Xavier,Ihn, Soo‐,Ghang,Yun, Sungyoung,Kim, Yungi,Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Jae‐,Young,Kim, Min,Sim, Myungsun,Park, Jong‐,Hwan,Choi, Woong,Cho, Kilwon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.24
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Enhanced performance of an inverted‐type polymer solar cell is reported by controlling the surface energy of a zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layer, on which a photoactive layer composed of a polymer:fullerene‐derivative bulk heterojunction is formed. With the approach based on a mixed self‐assembled monolayer, the surface energy of the ZnO buffer layer can be controlled between 40 mN m<SUP>−1</SUP> and 70 mN m<SUP>−1</SUP> with negligible changes in its work function. For the given range of surface energy the power conversion efficiency increases from 3.27% to 3.70% through enhanced photocurrents. The optimized morphology obtained by surface energy control results in the enhanced photocurrent and transmission electron microscopy analysis verifies the correlation between the surface energy and the phase morphology of the bulk heterojunction. These results demonstrate that surface energy control is an effective method for further improving the performance of polymer solar cells, with potentially important implications for other organic devices containing an interface between a blended organic active layer and a buffer or an electrode layer.</P>
Bulliard, Xavier,Benayad, Anass,Lee, Kwang-Hee,Choi, Yun-Hyuk,Lee, Jae Cheol,Park, Jong-Jin,Kim, Jong-Min IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.47
<P>We report on a method for surface nano-texturing on a plastic substrate. Nano-objects with a silica nanoparticle core and a textured cobalt oxide crown are created with selectable density on the plastic substrate. The resulting dual morphology is easily tuned over large areas, either by changing the parameters directing nanoparticle deposition through electrostatic self-arrangement for nano-object density control, or the parameter directing cobalt oxide deposition for shape control. The entire process takes place at room temperature, with no chemicals harmful to the plastic substrate. The ready modulation of the dual morphology is used to control the wettability properties of the plastic film, which is covered by nano-objects. </P>
Park, Jong-Jin,Bulliard, Xavier,Lee, Ji Min,Hur, Jaehyun,Im, Kyuhyun,Kim, Jong-Min,Prabhakaran, Prem,Cho, Namchul,Lee, Kwang-Sup,Min, Sung-Yong,Lee, Tae-Woo,Yong, Son,Yang, Dong-Yol WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.14
<P>One-, two-, and three-dimensional microstructures with dispersed silver nanoparticles are fabricated by a combination of photopatterning and thermal treatment from a silver salt containing photosensitive epoxy resin. Ultraviolet photo-irradiation and subsequent thermal treatment are combined to control the rate of silver salt reduction, the size and the arrangement of nanoparticles, as well as the reticulation of the epoxy resin. This approach allows the creation of high resolution 1-, 2-, and 3D patterns containing silver nanoparticles, with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles regardless of the irradiated area.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>1-, 2- and 3D microstructures with dispersed silver nanoparticles are fabricated by a combination of photopatterning and thermal treatment from a silver salt-containing photosensitive epoxy resin. This approach allows the creation of high resolution patterns containing silver nanoparticles with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles regardless of the irradiated area. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201000055-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM201000055-content'> </P>
Lee, Kwang-Hee,Leem, Dong-Seok,Castrucci, Jeffrey S.,Park, Kyung-Bae,Bulliard, Xavier,Kim, Kyu-Sik,Jin, Yong Wan,Lee, Sangyoon,Bender, Timothy P.,Park, Soo Young American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.24
<P>Green-sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) with high sensitivity and spectral selectivity using boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) derivatives are reported. The OPDs composed of SubPc and dicyanovinyl terthiophene derivative (DCV3T) demonstrated the highest green-sensitivity with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 62.6 % at an applied voltage of −5 V, but wide full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 211 nm. The optimized performance considering spectral selectivity was achieved from the composition of <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-dimethyl quinacridone (DMQA) and SubPc showing the high specific detectivity (<I>D*</I>) of 2.34 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> cm Hz<SUP>1/2</SUP>/W, the EQE value of 60.1% at −5 V, and narrow FWHM of 131 nm. In spite of the sharp absorption property of SubPc with the maximum wavelength (λ<SUB>max</SUB>) at 586 nm, the EQE spectrum showed favorable green-sensitivity characterized by smooth waveform with λ<SUB>max</SUB> at 560 nm, which is induced from the high reflectance of SubPc centered at 605 nm. The photoresponsivity of the OPD devices was found to be consistent with their absorptance. Optimized DMQA/SubPc device showed the lowest value of blue crosstalk (0.42) and moderate red crosstalk (0.37), suggesting its promising application as a green-sensitive OPD.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-24/am404122v/production/images/medium/am-2013-04122v_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am404122v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Choi, Dukhyun,Lee, Keun Young,Jin, Mi-Jin,Ihn, Soo-Ghang,Yun, Sungyoung,Bulliard, Xavier,Choi, Woong,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Kim, Jong Min,Wang, Zhong Lin Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.4 No.11
<P>In this paper, we present a simple, low-cost and flexible hybrid cell that converts individually or simultaneously low-frequency mechanical energy and photon energy into electricity using piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) in conjunction with organic solar cell design. Since the hybrid cell is designed by coupled piezoelectric and photoconductive properties of ZnO, this is a naturally hybrid architecture without crosstalk and an additional assembling process to create multi-type energy scavengers, thus differing from a simple integration of two different energy generators. It is demonstrated that the behavior of a piezoelectric output is controlled from alternating current (AC) type to direct current (DC)-like type by tailoring mechanical straining processes both in the dark and under light illumination. Based on such controllability of output modes, it is shown that the performance of the hybrid cell is synergistically enhanced by integrating the contribution made by a piezoelectric generator with a solar cell under a normal indoor level of illumination. Our approach clearly demonstrates the potential of the hybrid approach for scavenging multi-type energies whenever and wherever they are available. Furthermore, this work establishes the methodology to harvest solar energy and low-frequency mechanical energies such as body movements, making it possible to produce a promising multi-functional power generator that could be embedded in flexible architectures.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Naturally hybrid flexible energy generator that converts individually or simultaneously low-frequency mechanical energies and photon energy into electricity was developed. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1ee02080c'> </P>