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2-Cinnamoylthiophene에 대한 Cysteine의 반응 Mechanism에 관한 연구
맹주양,鄭昌雄,張聖根 순천향 대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.7 No.2
The kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic addition of L-Cysteine to 2-Cinnamoylthiophene over wide pH range were presented and analyzed in detail. The rate constants were determined with UV-spectrophotometer in 50% methanol-water solvent at 25℃. The rate equation which can be applid to over wide pH range was obtained k=?? Anaysis of rate constants suggests that below pH 10, the reaction is initiated by the attack of cysteine molecule, and above pH 12.5, deprotonated cysteine ion attack the molecule.
Outcome of Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation in Meige Syndrome
Ghang, Ju-Young,Lee, Myung-Ki,Jun, Sung-Man,Ghang, Chang-Ghu The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.48 No.2
Objective : Meige syndrome is the combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. We assessed the surgical results of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with medically refractory Meige syndrome. Methods : Eleven patients were retrospectively analyzed with follow-ups of more than 12 months. The mean follow-up period was $23.1{\pm}6.4$ months. The mean age at time of surgery was $58.0{\pm}7.8$ years. The mean duration of symptoms was $8.7 {\pm}7.6$ years. DBS electrodes were placed under local anesthesia using microelectrode recording and stimulation. After $2.4{\pm}1.3$ days of trial tests, the stimulation device was implanted under general anesthesia. Patients were evaluated using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Results : BFMDRS total movement scores improved by 59.8%, 63.5%, 74.1%, 74.5%, and 85.5% during the immediate postoperative period of test stimulation, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months (n = 5) after surgery, respectively. The BFMDRS total movement scores were reduced gradually and the results reached statistical significance in the postoperative period (test period, p < 0.001; 3 months, p < 0.001; 6 months, p = 0.003; 12 months, p < 0.001; 24 months, p = 0.042). There was no statistical difference between 12 months and 24 months. BFM subscores improved by 63.3% for the eyes, 80.9% for the mouth, 68.4% for speech/swallowing, and 87.9% for the neck at 12 months after surgery. The adverse effects were insignificant. Conclusion : The bilateral GPi-DBS can be effective for the treatment of intractable Meige syndrome without significant side effects.
Inhibitory Effects of Ramulus Mori Extracts on Melanogenesis
( Ghang-tai Lee ),( Bong-soo Shin ),( Beom-jun Kim ),( Jeong-ha Kim ),( Byoung-kee Jo ) 대한화장품학회 1997 대한화장품학회지 Vol.23 No.2
It has been observed that local increase in melanin synthesis or uneven distribution can cause local hyperpigmentation or spot. Pigmentary disorders are caused by various factors, including inflammation, imbalance of hormones, and genetic disorder[1]. Recently the harmfulness of Ultraviolet(UV) radiation is increasing due to destruction of ozone layer. Excessive exposure to UV radiation caused post-inflammatory pigmentation[2,3]. Most women want to avoid uneven skin pigmentation. To satisfy this desire many cosmetic companies have been developing melanogenesis inhibitors and finding promising active agents for use in cosmetic preparations for skin whitening. In cosmetic preparations, many inhibitors such as kojic acid[4], arbutin[5], ascorbic acid, and licorice extracts6 have been used as whitening purpose. Plant extracts having an inhibitory effect on melanin formation may be a good choice for cosmetic purpose because of their relatively lower side effects. Therefore, we screened 285 plant extracts for their inhibitory activity in tyrosinase[7]. Of the plant extracts, ramulus mori(the young twig of Morus alba L.) extracts showed potent tyrosinase inhibition activity. We also identified the active compound in the extract.
Ghang, Ho-Young,Han, Young-Joo,Jeong, Sang-Jin,Bhak, Jong,Lee, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Chul-Hong,Kim, Sang-Soo,Al-Mulla, Fahd,Youn, Chan-Hyun,Yoo, Hyang-Sook,The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium, T Korea Genome Organization 2011 Genomics & informatics Vol.9 No.4
In planning a model-based phylogenic study for highly related ethnic data, the SNP marker number is an important factor to determine for relationship inferences. Genotype frequency data, utilizing a sub sampling method, from 63 Pan Asian ethnic groups was used for determining the minimum SNP number required to establish such relationships. Bootstrap random sub-samplings were done from 5.6K PASNPi SNP data. DA distance was calculated and neighbour-joining trees were drawn with every re-sampling data set. Consensus trees were made with the same 100 sub-samples and bootstrap proportions were calculated. The tree consistency to the one obtained from the whole marker set, improved with increasing marker numbers. The bootstrap proportions became reliable when more than 7,000 SNPs were used at a time. Within highly related ethnic groups, the minimum SNPs number for a robust neighbor-joining tree inference was about 7,000 for a 95% bootstrap support.
The Development of Modularized Post Processing GPS Software Receiving Platform using MATLAB Simulink
Ghang-Ho Kim,Hyoung-Min So,Sang-Hoon Jeon,Chang-Don Kee,Youngsu Cho,Wansik Choi 한국항공우주학회 2008 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.9 No.2
Modularized GPS software defined radio (SDR) has many advantages of applying and modifying algorithm. Hardware based GPS receiver uses many hardware parts (such as RF front, correlators, CPU and other peripherals) that process tracked signal and navigation data to calculate user position, while SDR uses software modules, which run on general purpose CPU platform or embedded DSP. SDR does not have to change hardware part and is not limited by hardware capability when new processing algorithm is applied. The weakness of SDR is that software correlation takes lots of processing time. However, in these days the evolution of processing power of MPU and DSP leads the competitiveness of SDR against the hardware GPS receiver. This paper shows a study of modulization of GPS software platform and it presents development of the GNSS software platform using MATLAB Simulink™. We focus on post processing SDR platform which is usually adapted in research area. The main functions of SDR are GPS signal acquisition, signal tracking, decoding navigation data and calculating stand alone user position from stored data that was down converted and sampled intermediate frequency (IF) data. Each module of SDR platform is categorized by function for applicability for applying for other frequency and GPS signal easily. The developed software platform is tested using stored data which is down-converted and sampled IF data file. The test results present that the software platform calculates user position properly.
이강태 ( Ghang Tai Lee ),권지연 ( Ji Youn Kwon ),배동준 ( Dong Jun Bae ),유창선 ( Chang Seon Yu ),이명희 ( Myoung Hee Lee ),오세량 ( Sei Ryang Oh ),장동일 ( Dong Il Jang ) 대한화장품학회 2005 대한화장품학회지 Vol.31 No.1
본 논문은 효소 생전환 시스템을 적용, 안정한 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA2G)를 ascorbic acid (AA)와 glucose로 분해하여 이 물질의 피부에서의 효과를 분석한 것에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로 AA는 높은 환원력을 가지고 있으며, 화장품에서 다양한 용도로 사용할 수 있지만 수용액 상에서 불안정하기 때문에 사용에 제약이 많이 있다. AA2G는 AA를 안정화시킨 미백 기능성 원료이지만 AA와 비교해서 효과가 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 AA2G의 안정성과 AA의 효과를 동시에 갖는 효소 생전환 시스템을 이용한 기능성 제품을 개발하였다. AA2G는 당 분해 효소인 amigase에 의해 30min 경과 후에 약 80%가 AA로 전환되며 이 시스템의 미백 효과를 측정한 결과 같은 농도의 AA와 비교해 유사한 티로시나제 활성 억제 효과가 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다(AA2G는 타이로시나아제 활성 억제 효과가 없음). 또한 AA2G와 amigase를 함유한 제형은 인공 색소 침착 후의 미백 효과 시험에서 AA2G 만을 함유한 제형과 비교하여 높은 미백효과가 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 효소 생전환 시스템은 불안정한 AA를 보다 효과적으로 피부에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 방법이라 할 수 있다. This study is about the cosmeceutical products using enzyme induced bio-conversion system. In general, ascorbic acid (AA) has the higher reducing activity and can be used for various purpose in the cosmetics. But it is very unstable in the aqueous system and difficult to maintain its stability in the cosmetics product. 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA2G) is the stabilized form of AA and showed the less whitening activity than AA. In this study, we developed bio-conversion system improving the stability and efficacy of AA2G and AA, respectively. In this system, AA2G (over 80%) can be converted to AA and glucose within 30 min. The converted product showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity like AA (AA2G showed no anti tyrosinase activity) and depigmenting activity in the artificial tanning test. From these results, we could conclude this system is a brand new method to increase the activity of AA and maintain its stability.
이강(Ghang Lee) 서울행정학회 2004 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.15 No.1
In the limelight is the introduction of service concept to the public administration as well as SERVQUAL model that can meet the needs to improve this. Terms are manipulatively defined true to its intrinsic nature by analyzing how the dimension and factors of measuring the services pursued by SERVQUAL model are used. The contents of manipulative reconstruction are defined by analyzing the originals of SERVQUAL model and currently used contents, which is most suited to the original. Based on the research, the reasons why researchers apply SERVQUAL"s 5 dimensions and 22 items differently, which they wanted to pursue first are as follows: First, SERVQUAL research was changed due to 1985, 1988 and 1991 studies, and differences in translation arose at the time of research. Second, some terms were not translated uniformly in the process of translating English into Korean precisely. Third, differences arose among translators in the process of measuring the intrinsic meaning of 22 dimensions, and much differences in meaning from the original arose since some tools that have been translated and used were just introduced and utilized. It is anticipated that SERVQUAL model clearly defined in this study will be fully utilized as a tool for measuring services.