A complexity dichotomy for signed H -colouring

Brewster, Richard C.,Siggers, Mark North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Discrete mathematics Vol.341 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Verifying a conjecture of Brewster, Foucaud, Hell and Naserasr, we show that signed ( H , Π ) -colouring is NP-complete for any signed graph ( H , Π ) whose s-core has at least 3 edges.</P>

Recolouring reflexive digraphs

Brewster, Richard C.,Lee, Jae-baek,Siggers, Mark North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Discrete mathematics Vol.341 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Given digraphs G and H , the colouring graph Col ( G , H ) has as its vertices all homomorphism of G to H . There is an arc ϕ → <SUP> ϕ ′ </SUP> between two homomorphisms if they differ on exactly one vertex v , and if v has a loop we also require ϕ ( v ) → <SUP> ϕ ′ </SUP> ( v ) . The <I>recolouring problem</I> asks if there is a path in Col ( G , H ) between given homomorphisms ϕ and ψ . We examine this problem in the case where G is a digraph and H is a reflexive, digraph cycle.</P> <P>We show that for a reflexive digraph cycle H and a reflexive digraph G , the problem of determining whether there is a path between two maps in Col ( G , H ) can be solved in time polynomial in G . When G is not reflexive, we show the same except for certain digraph 4-cycles H .</P>

What Dies? Xuanzang on the Temporality of Physical and Mental Functionality

Ernest Billings BREWSTER 동국대학교 불교학술원 2023 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.33 No.2

This paper examines the ancient Buddhist investigations into the nature of mortality found within the corpus of Xuanzang (ca. 602–664 CE), the prolific Buddhist scholar-monk of the Tang Dynasty. Upon his celebrated return to his native China in 645 CE, Xuanzang produced a voluminous body of work including retranslations and translations made available in Chinese for the first time, as well as original exegesis of numerous Indic Abhidharma and Yogācāra Buddhist treatises that develop the fundamental tenet of “no-self.” The Buddhist tenet of no-self holds that an individual sentient being is not distinguished by an unchanging “self,” soul, or essence that deserts the body at the time of biological death, traverses the afterlife, and becomes reincarnated in association with a new gross physical body. The tenet of no-self, however, raises thorny questions regarding the nature of survival and mortality: What accounts for the survivability of an individual sentient being? What is death? This paper presents the argumentation put forth in Xuanzang’s corpus in support of the Buddhist doctrine that neither survivability nor dying and death involves a soul or a self. The Abhidharma and Yogācāra works translated into Chinese by Xuanzang propose that death occurs with the terminal disintegration of the “faculties,” the embodied mental and physical powers that sustain “sentient life” (Skt. sattva, Ch. youqing 有情) in conjunction with a body, rather than with the disembodiment of a self, soul, or spiritual substance. Developments in the Buddhist theory of faculties presented not only in his translation of Indic works, but also in his original compilation, the Cheng weishi lun, advance innovative accounts of the survivability and mortality of a sentient being that are harmonious with the core Buddhist tenet of no-self.

Why Change Is the Only Constant: The Teachings on Momentariness Found in Xuanzang’s Translation of the Abhidharma Treatises of Saṅghabhadra

Ernest Billings (Billy) Brewster 불교학연구회 2021 불교학연구 Vol.66 No.-

Within the Abhidharma literature, the doctrinal discussions on momentariness composed by the fifth-century C.E. Indic theorist, Saṅghabhadra, and rendered into Chinese by the pilgrim and scholar-monk, Xuanzang (602?–667 C.E.), stand as rigorous and detailed defenses of the Buddhist tenet of momentariness. This paper examines several passages on the doctrine of momentariness that are extant only within Xuanzang’s Chinese translations of two treatises by Saṅghabhadra, the Treatise Conforming to the Correct Logic of Abhidharma (Sanskrit, hereafter Skt. *Abhidharmanyāyānusāraśāstra; Chinese, hereafter Chi. Apidamo shun zhengli lun 阿毘達磨順正理論) and the Treatise Clarifying the Treasury of Abhidharma Tenets (Skt.*Abhidharmasamayapradīpikāśāstra; Chi. Apidamo zang xianzong lun 阿毘達磨顯宗論). In these masterworks, Saṅghabhadra uses the Abhidharma theory of the “conditioned factor” (Skt. saṃskṛta-dharma; Chi. youwei fa 有爲法)—the discrete entity that comes into being as the result of the myriad of “causes and conditions” (Skt. hetu-pratyaya; Chi. yin-yuan 因緣) that precede it—to construct a philosophical explanation for change as a pervasive and invariable feature of reality. In their meticulous translations and commentaries on these texts, Xuanzang and his Tang Dynasty disciples examine the four “stages” (Skt. avasthā; Chi. fenwei 分位) of a conditioned factor and reconsider the arguments enlisted by Saṅghabhadra to buttress the proposition that a conditioned factor activates another of its own kind in the moment that follows its cessation. This paper uses a source criticism research method to illustrate how several understudied translations of the Abhidharma works of Saṅghabhadra by Xuanzang—and the commentaries on these texts by his Tang disciples—contribute to the theoretical basis of the doctrine of momentariness within Chinese Buddhism.

Why Change Is the Only Constant: The Teachings on Momentariness Found in Xuanzang’s Translation of the Abhidharma Treatises of Saṅghabhadra

Ernest Billings (Billy) Brewster 불교학연구회 2021 불교학연구 Vol.66 No.-

인도 유학승 현장(玄奘, 602?-667)이 한역한 아비달마 문헌 중, 5세기 인도 논사 중현(衆賢, Skt. Saṅghabhadra)이 지은 찰나멸 논증은 불교 고유의 찰나멸론을 엄밀하고 상세하게 변호하고 있다. 본고는 현장의 한역으로만 전하는 중현의 저작 두 본, 『아비달마순정리론(阿毘達磨順正理論, Skt. *Abhidharmasamayapradīpikāśāstra)』과 『아비달마현종론(阿毘達磨顯宗論, Skt. *Abhidharmasamay-apradīpikāśāstra)』에서 찰나멸을 논의하는 몇몇 구절을 고찰하고자 한다. 여기에서, 중현은 아비달마의 교리인 유위법(有爲法, Skt. saṃskṛta-dharma, 무한한 “원인과 조건(因緣, Skt. hetu-pratyaya)의 결과로 존재하는 개별적 실체) 을 활용하여 현실세계의 보편적이고 불변하는 특징이 바로 변화라는 철학적 해석을 구축하였다. 현장 및 그의 당(唐) 대 제자들은 당 문헌들의 세심한 번역과 주석을 통해 유위법의 네 가지 분위(分位, Skt. avasthā)를 논구하면서 ‘하나의 유위법이 사멸할 때 바로 다음 찰나에 자신과 동류의 또 다른 유위법을 작동시킨다’는 명제를 지지하기 위해 중현의 주장을 재고하였다. 본고는 문헌비평적 방법론을 사용하여, 중현의 저작에 대한 현장의 대역(對譯), 그리고 당(唐) 대 제자들의 주석들이 중국 불교에서 찰나멸론에 대한 이론적 토대를 마련하는 데 어떻게 기여했는지를 추적하였다. Within the Abhidharma literature, the doctrinal discussions on momentariness composed by the fifth-century C.E. Indic theorist, Saṅghabhadra, and rendered into Chinese by the pilgrim and scholar-monk, Xuanzang (602?-667 C.E.), stand as rigorous and detailed defenses of the Buddhist tenet of momentariness. This paper examines several passages on the doctrine of momentariness that are extant only within Xuanzang’s Chinese translations of two treatises by Saṅghabhadra, the Treatise Conforming to the Correct Logic of Abhidharma (Sanskrit, hereafter Skt. *Abhidharmanyāyānusāraśāstra; Chinese, hereafter Chi. Apidamo shun zhengli lun 阿毘達磨順正理論) and the Treatise Clarifying the Treasury of Abhidharma Tenets (Skt. *Abhidharmasamayapradīpikāśāstra; Chi. Apidamo zang xianzong lun 阿毘達磨顯宗論). In these masterworks, Saṅghabhadra uses the Abhidharma theory of the “conditioned factor” (Skt. saṃskṛta-dharma; Chi. youwei fa 有爲法)—the discrete entity that comes into being as the result of the myriad of “causes and conditions” (Skt. hetu-pratyaya; Chi. yin-yuan 因緣) that precede it—to construct a philosophical explanation for change as a pervasive and invariable feature of reality. In their meticulous translations and commentaries on these texts, Xuanzang and his Tang Dynasty disciples examine the four “stages” (Skt. avasthā; Chi. fenwei 分位) of a conditioned factor and reconsider the arguments enlisted by Saṅghabhadra to buttress the proposition that a conditioned factor activates another of its own kind in the moment that follows its cessation. This paper uses a source criticism research method to illustrate how several understudied translations of the Abhidharma works of Saṅghabhadra by Xuanzang—and the commentaries on these texts by his Tang disciples—contribute to the theoretical basis of the doctrine of momentariness within Chinese Buddhism.

Expanded Rosarin: A Versatile Fullerene (C₆₀) Receptor

Ke, Xian-Sheng,Kim, Taeyeon,Brewster, James T.,Lynch, Vincent M.,Kim, Dongho,Sessler, Jonathan L. American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.13

<P>An expanded rosarian (P3P6) with a bowl like conformation has been prepared and characterized in a one-pot procedure that involves condensing a bispyrrole pyridine precursor (P-1,P-2) with benzaldehyde, followed by oxidation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a bowl-like conformation in the solid state with an upper rim diameter defined by the meso-phenyl substituents of ca. 13.5 angstrom and a depth of roughly 6.3 angstrom. P3P6 forms both 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with C-60 in the solid state. DFT reveals similar energies for the two binding modes. A 1:1 binding stoichiometry dominates in 1,2-dichlorobenzene-d(4) at the millimolar concentrations dictated by solubility consideration. The solution phase interactions between rosarian and C60 were studied using H-1 NMR, UV vis, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies in 1,2-ichlorobenzene-d(4) or toluene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an unfunctionalized porphyrinoid that forms a well-defined complex with C-60 in solution as well as in solid state.</P>

MNE Subsidiary Managers’ International Work Experience and Advice Networks: The Moderating Role of Cultural Distance

Chi Poong Kim,Chul Chung,Chris Brewster 한국무역연구원 2022 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.18 No.1

Purpose – To perform effectively in the context of the dual embeddedness of MNE subsidiaries, subsidiary managers need to build and use wide advice networks across headquarters and their host countries. Informed by social learning theory, we explore how a subsidiary manager’s prior international work experience contributes to building advice networks and how cultural distance between the manager’s home and the prior working country moderates the relationship between international experience and the advice networks there Design/Methodology/Approach – The study is based on a survey of 187 subsidiary managers that report directly to subsidiary heads, in 43 subsidiaries of 12 South Korean MNEs. Findings – We find that parent country national subsidiary managers with prior international work experience in a host country tend to have larger and stronger local advice networks in the country, whereas host country national subsidiary managers’ prior international work experience in the multinational enterprise’s home country contributes to building strong advice networks in the home country. More crucially, we find that a parent country national subsidiary manager’s prior international work experience in the host country has a stronger influence on the size of local advice networks when there is higher cultural distance between the home and the host country. Research Implications – In the management of this paper, our study identifies cultural distance as a boundary condition in the relationship between MNE subsidiary managers’ international work experience and advice networks.

Cutaneous Patches to Monitor Myoelectric Activity of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Postoperative Pediatric Patients

Jordan S. Taylor,Vivian de Ruijter,Ryan Brewster,Anand Navalgund,Lindsay Axelrod,Steve Axelrod,James C.Y. Dunn,James K. Wall 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: Limited means exist to assess gastrointestinal activity in pediatric patients postoperatively. Recently, myoelectric gastrointestinal activity recorded by cutaneous patches has been shown in adult patients to be predictive of clinical return of gastrointestinal function postoperatively. The aim of this case series is to demonstrate the feasibility of this system in pediatric patients and to correlate myoelectric signals with return of bowel function clinically. Methods: Pediatric patients undergoing abdominal surgery were recruited to have wireless patches placed on the abdomen within two hours postoperatively. Myoelectric data were transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device with a user-interface and forwarded to a cloud server where processing algorithms identified episodes of motor activity, quantified their parameters and nominally assigned them to specific gastrointestinal organs based on their frequencies. Results: Three patients (ages 5 months, 4 year, 16 year) were recruited for this study. Multiple patches were placed on the older subjects, while the youngest had a single patch due to space limitations. Rhythmic signals of the stomach, small intestine, and colon could be identified in all three subjects. Patients showed gradual increase in myoelectric intestinal and colonic activity leading up to the first recorded bowel movement. Conclusion: Measuring myoelectric intestinal activity continuously using a wireless patch system is feasible in a wide age range of pediatric patients. The increase in activity over time correlated well with the patients' return of bowel function. More studies are planned to determine if this technology can predict return of bowel function or differentiate between physiologic ileus and pathologic conditions.

Cutaneous Patches to Monitor Myoelectric Activity of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Postoperative Pediatric Patients

Taylor, Jordan S.,Ruijter, Vivian de,Brewster, Ryan,Navalgund, Anand,Axelrod, Lindsay,Axelrod, Steve,Dunn, James C.Y.,Wall, James K. The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.6

Purpose: Limited means exist to assess gastrointestinal activity in pediatric patients postoperatively. Recently, myoelectric gastrointestinal activity recorded by cutaneous patches has been shown in adult patients to be predictive of clinical return of gastrointestinal function postoperatively. The aim of this case series is to demonstrate the feasibility of this system in pediatric patients and to correlate myoelectric signals with return of bowel function clinically. Methods: Pediatric patients undergoing abdominal surgery were recruited to have wireless patches placed on the abdomen within two hours postoperatively. Myoelectric data were transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device with a user-interface and forwarded to a cloud server where processing algorithms identified episodes of motor activity, quantified their parameters and nominally assigned them to specific gastrointestinal organs based on their frequencies. Results: Three patients (ages 5 months, 4 year, 16 year) were recruited for this study. Multiple patches were placed on the older subjects, while the youngest had a single patch due to space limitations. Rhythmic signals of the stomach, small intestine, and colon could be identified in all three subjects. Patients showed gradual increase in myoelectric intestinal and colonic activity leading up to the first recorded bowel movement. Conclusion: Measuring myoelectric intestinal activity continuously using a wireless patch system is feasible in a wide age range of pediatric patients. The increase in activity over time correlated well with the patients' return of bowel function. More studies are planned to determine if this technology can predict return of bowel function or differentiate between physiologic ileus and pathologic conditions.

Setting the Standards for Haptic and Tactile Interactions: ISO's Work

van Erp, J.B.F.,Kyung, K.-U.,Kassner, S.,Carter, J.,Brewster, S.,Weber, G.,Andrew, I. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2010 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.6192 No.-