Effects of aging/freezing sequence and freezing rate on meat quality and oxidative stability of pork loins

Kim, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Ji-Han,Seo, Jin-Kyu,Setyabrata, Derico,Kim, Yuan H. Brad Elsevier 2018 Meat science Vol.139 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging/freezing sequence and freezing rate on quality attributes and oxidative stability of frozen/thawed pork loins (<I>M. longissimus lumborum</I>, <I>n</I> = 6). Six treatments were prepared by combining 3 aging/freezing sequences (FT, freezing/thawing only; AFT, aging prior to freezing/thawing; and FTA, freezing/thawing and aging) with 2 freezing rates (slow- and fast-freezing). The lowest purge/thaw loss and drip loss were found for AFT, in which fast-freezing reduced total exudate loss (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Aging combination (AFT/FTA) decreased shear force of frozen/thawed pork loins, and FTA with slow-freezing caused the lowest shear force (<I>P</I> < 0.05). However, aging combination regardless of the sequence accelerated discoloration and lipid/protein oxidation during display (<I>P</I> < 0.05). This study suggests that aging prior to freezing coupled with fast-freezing could be an effective way to minimize quality defects of frozen/thawed only meat, particularly water-holding capacity and tenderness.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pork loins were assigned to 3 aging/freezing sequences and 2 freezing rates. </LI> <LI> Aging prior to freezing decreased purge/thaw loss and drip loss. </LI> <LI> Fast-freezing reduced total exudate loss of aged/frozen/thawed pork loins. </LI> <LI> The lowest shear force resulted from slow freezing first then thaw/aging. </LI> <LI> Aging then fast-freezing/thawing could be the most effective method. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of aging and freezing/thawing sequence on quality attributes of bovine Mm. gluteus medius and biceps femoris

Kim, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Yuan H. Brad Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.2

Objective: The effects of aging and freezing/thawing sequence on color, physicochemical, and enzymatic characteristics of two beef muscles (Mm. gluteus medius, GM and biceps femoris, BF) were evaluated. Methods: Beef muscles at 3 d postmortem were assigned to four different combinations of aging and freezing/thawing sequence as follows; aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk (A3, never-frozen control), freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk then thawing (F2, frozen/thawed-only), aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk, freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk then thawing (A3F2), and freezing at $-28^{\circ}C$ for 2 wk, thawing then further aging at $2^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk (F2A3). Results: No significant interactions between different aging/freezing/thawing treatments and muscle type on all measurements were found. Postmortem aging, regardless of aging/freezing/thawing sequence, had no impact on color stability of frozen/thawed beef muscles (p<0.05). F2A3 resulted in higher purge loss than F2 and A3F2 treatments (p<0.05). A3F2 and F2A3 treatments resulted in lower shear force of beef muscles compared to F2 (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, F2A3 had the highest ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucominidase (BNAG) activity in purge, but the lowest BNAG activity in muscle (p<0.05). GM muscle exhibited higher total color changes and purge loss, and lower GSH-Px activity than BF muscle. Conclusion: The results from this present study indicate that different combinations of aging/freezing/thawing sequence would result in considerable impacts on meat quality attributes, particularly thaw/purge loss and tenderness. Developing a novel freezing strategy combined with postmortem aging will be beneficial for the food/meat industry to maximize its positive impacts on tenderness, while minimizing thaw/purge loss of frozen/thawed meat.

Rapid Discoloration of Aged Beef Muscles after Short-Term/Extreme Temperature Abuse during Retail Display

Kim, Hyun-Wook,Setyabrata, Derico,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Yuan H. Brad Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term/extreme temperature abuse (STA) on color characteristics and oxidative stability of aged beef muscles during simulated retail display. Two beef muscles (longissimus lumborum, LL and semitendinosus, ST) were aged for 7 (A7), 14 (A14), 21 (A21), and 28 d (A28), and further displayed at 2℃ for 7 d. The STA was induced by placing steak samples at 20℃ for 1 h on the 4th d of display. Instrumental and visual color evaluations, ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay were performed. Initially, redness, yellowness and hue angle of all beef muscles were similar, regardless of aging time before display (p>0.05). An increase in postmortem aging time increased lipid oxidation and caused a rapid discoloration after STA during display (p<0.05). ST muscle was more sharply discolored and oxidized after STA, when compared to LL muscle (p<0.05). The FRC value of beef muscles was decreased after 7 d of display (p<0.05). The results from the current study indicate adverse impacts of postmortem aging on color and oxidative stabilities of beef muscles, particularly under temperature abusing conditions during retail display. Thus, developing a specific post-harvest strategy to control quality attributes in retail levels for different muscle types and aging conditions would be required.

Pig Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates Attenuate Acetylcholine Esterase Activity and Scopolamine-induced Impairment of Memory and Learning Ability of Mice

Dongwook Kim,Yuan H,Brad Kim,Jun-Sang Ham,Sung Ki Lee,Aera Jang 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.2

The protective effect of pig skin gelatin water extracts (PSW) and the low molecular weight hydrolysates of PSW generated via enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme?? 1000L (LPSW) against scopolamine-induced impairment of cognitive function in mice was determined. Seventy male ICR mice weighing 20−25 g were randomly assigned to seven groups: Control (CON); scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg B.W., intraperitoneally (i.p.); tetrahydroaminoacridine 10 [THA 10, tacrine; 10 mg/kg B.W. per oral (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.)]; PSW 10 (10 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); PSW 40 (40 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 100 (100 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 400 (400 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.). All treatment groups, except CON, received scopolamine on the day of the experiment. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of LPSW 400 at 1 mg/mL was 154.14 μM Trolox equivalent. Administration of PSW and LPSW for 15 weeks did not significantly affect on physical performance of mice. LPSW 400 significantly increased spontaneous alternation, reaching the level observed for THA and CON. The latency time of animals receiving LPSW 400 was higher than that of mice treated with SCO alone in the passive avoidance test, whereas it was shorter in the water maze test. LPSW 400 increased acetylcholine (ACh) content and decreased ACh esterase activity (p<0.05). LPSW 100 and LPSW 400 reduced monoamine oxidase-B activity. These results indicated that LPSW at 400 mg/kg B.W. is a potentially strong antioxidant and contains novel components for the functional food industry.

Efficacy of Alkali-treated Sugarcane Fiber for Improving Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Meat Emulsions with Different Fat Levels

Hyun-wook Kim,Derico Setyabrata,Yong-jae Lee,Yuan H. Brad Kim 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.2

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber on physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsion with different fat levels. Crude sugarcane bagasse fiber (CSF) was treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2)) to obtain alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber (ASF). The two types ofsugarcane bagasse fiber(CSF and ASF)were incorporated at 2% levelsin pork meat emulsions prepared with5%, 10% and 20% fat levels. Alkaline-treatment markedly increased acid detergent fiber content (p=0.002), but significantly decreased protein, fat, ash and other carbohydrate contents. ASF exhibited significantly higher water-binding capacity, but lower oil-binding and emulsifying capacities than CSF. Meat emulsions formulated with 10% fat and 2% sugarcane bagasse fiber had equivalent cooking loss and textural properties to control meat emulsion (20% fat without sugarcane bagasse fiber). The two types of sugarcane bagasse fiber had similar impacts on proximate composition, cooking yield and texture of meat emulsion at the same fat level, respectively(p>0.05). Our results confirm that sugarcane bagasse fiber could be a functional food ingredient for improving physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsion, at 2% addition level. Further, the altered functional properties of alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse fiber had noimpacts on physicochemical and textural properties of meat emulsions, regardless of fat level at 5%, 10% and 20%.

Developing New Microsatellite Markers of Sogatella furcifera by using NGS Technology

Hwa Yeun Nam,Brad Coates,Kyung Seok Kim,Chris Wright,Marana Park,Joon-Ho Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

White-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), has been a serious migratory pest in Korea. It is important to figure out the migration route and gene flow of S. furcifera. Microsatellite marker (SSR) shows high efficiency as molecular markers. Unfortunately, various microsatellite marker of S. furcifera has not been developed to see genetic diversity. S. furcifera samples were collected from Vietnam, Laos and three different sites of Bangladesh in 2012. We extracted DNA by using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and ran next generation DNA sequencer (NGS) Roche 454 to develop a new microsatellite marker. Roughly, about 18 singleton primers and 14 contigs primers were found. We will test these primers with S. fucifera DNA samples, and figure out the accurate new microstatellite marker.

Population genetic structure and migration pathway of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Hwa Yeun Nam,Kyung Seok Kim,Brad Coates,Marana Park,Joon-Ho Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

White-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is known as a long-range migratory pest in Asia. Although exact primary source of S. furcifera in Korea remains unknown. We used twelve microsatellite markers (SSR) to analyze the population genetic structure of the pest. We collected S. furcifera from Asia in 2012 (Korea, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam and four different sites of Bangladesh), 2013 (China, Nepal, Thailand, two different sites of Bangladesh, and fifteen different sites of Korea), and 2014 (four different sites of China and ten different sites of Korea). To verify the genetic variance, we used STRUCTURE program to obtain structure analysis of K and K showed in three components in genetic clustering. Result in sample 2012, similar genetic structure showed in Korea and Vietnam. In 2013 and 2014, various genetic structure revealed in different sites of Korea and Asian population genetic structure appeared as on large panmictic population. Furthermore, we tested migration pathway to see the probable source and reciplent populations of first generation migrants in S. furcifera. In 2012, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam and four different sites of Bangladesh showed the potential source of S. furcifera. In 2013, we observed S. furcifera in Korea was more likely originated from Nepal and Bangladesh. Various migration pathway showed in fifteen different sites of Korea as panmictic population. Lastly in 2014, the migration pathway indicated that S. furcifera migrates from China to Korea. Seemingly, S. furcifera in Asia display as large panmictic population and more study is acquire to verify the origin source.

Meat analogues: an assessment of plant-based protein options and the parameters of their success: a mini review

Mari Leland(Mari Leland ),Allison Trigg(Allison Trigg ),Yuan H. Brad Kim(Yuan H. Brad Kim) 한국축산식품학회 2022 Food and Life Vol.2022 No.2

Consumer interest in meat analogues, plant-based alternatives that mimic traditional meat properties, are on the rise. These food products are formulated with alternative proteins to provide adequate nutritional value while closely resembling the general characteristics (e.g., texture, flavor, juiciness) of meat. Meat substitutes are of specific interest to consumers who are concerned about the ecological footprint and healthfulness of what they consume. Attributes such as taste, texture, and emotional attachment to meat are primary factors determining the success of many meat substitutes in the retail space. Other parameters of interest regarding meat alternatives are sustainability, consumer acceptance, industry challenges, and how these various traits interact to influence the success of products. Studies show that these parameters are closely related, and there is a considerable amount of interplay determining the success of meat analogues. The two principal parameters to success are sensory evaluation and sustainability. Both traits are important to the consumer, and the industry will need to consider both when designing novel products for the retail space. It is anticipated that meat analogues will continue to rise in popularity among consumers, providing them with numerous alternative protein options soon.

Spatial and temporal genetic analyses show high gene flow among European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations across the central U.S. corn belt.

Kim, Kyung Seok,Bagley, Mark J,Coates, Brad S,Hellmich, Richard L,Sappington, Thomas W Entomological Society of America 2009 Environmental entomology Vol.38 No.4

<P>European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), adults were sampled at 13 sites along two perpendicular 720-km transects intersecting in central Iowa and for the following two generations at four of the same sites separated by 240 km in the cardinal directions. More than 50 moths from each sample location and time were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Spatial analyses indicated that there is no spatial genetic structuring between European corn borer populations sampled 720 km apart at the extremes of the transects and no pattern of genetic isolation by distance at that geographic scale. Although these results suggest high gene flow over the spatial scale tested, it is possible that populations have not had time to diverge since the central Corn Belt was invaded by this insect approximately 60 yr ago. However, temporal analyses of genetic changes in single locations over time suggest that the rate of migration is indeed very high. The results of this study suggest that the geographic dimensions of European corn borer populations are quite large, indicating that monitoring for resistance to transgenic Bt corn at widely separated distances is justified, at least in the central Corn Belt. High gene flow further implies that resistance to Bt corn may be slow to evolve, but once it does develop, it may spread geographically with such speed that mitigation strategies will have to be implemented quickly to be effective.</P>

The Effect of Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies on the Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions

Juhan Kim,Jaehyun Lee,Clotilde Laigle,Yohan Dubois,Changbom Park,Christophe Pichon,Jihye Shin,Brad Gibson 한국천문학회 2022 天文學會報 Vol.47 No.2