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Spin asymmetries in jet-hyperon production at LHC
Boer, D.,Bomhof, C.J.,Hwang, D.S.,Mulders, P.J. North-Holland Pub. Co 2008 Physics letters: B Vol.659 No.1
We consider polarized Λ hyperon production in proton-proton scattering, pp->(Λ<SUP>&</SUP>uarr;jet)jetX, in the kinematical region of the LHC experiments, in particular the ALICE experiment. We present a new Λ polarization observable that arises from the Sivers effect in the fragmentation process. It can be large even at midrapidity and therefore, is of interest for high energy hadron collider experiments. Apart from its potential to shed light on the mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Λ polarization arising in unpolarized hadronic collisions, the proposed observable in principle also allows to test the possible color flow dependence of single spin asymmetries and the (non)universality of transverse momentum dependent fragmentation functions.
Luzzi, L.,Barani, T.,Boer, B.,Cognini, L.,Nevo, A. Del,Lainet, M.,Lemehov, S.,Magni, A.,Marelle, V.,Michel, B.,Pizzocri, D.,Schubert, A.,Uffelen, P. Van,Bertolus, M. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.10
The design phase and safety assessment of Generation IV liquid metal-cooled fast reactors calls for the improvement of fuel pin performance codes, in particular the enhancement of their predictive capabilities towards uranium-plutonium mixed oxide fuels and stainless-steel cladding under irradiation in fast reactor environments. To this end, the current capabilities of fuel performance codes must be critically assessed against experimental data from available irradiation experiments. This work is devoted to the assessment of three European fuel performance codes, namely GERMINAL, MACROS and TRANSURANUS, against the irradiation of two fuel pins selected from the SUPERFACT-1 experimental campaign. The pins are characterized by a low enrichment (~ 2 wt.%) of minor actinides (neptunium and americium) in the fuel, and by plutonium content and cladding material in line with design choices envisaged for liquid metal-cooled Generation IV reactor fuels. The predictions of the codes are compared to several experimental measurements, allowing the identification of the current code capabilities in predicting fuel restructuring, cladding deformation, redistribution of actinides and volatile fission products. The integral assessment against experimental data is complemented by a code-to-code benchmark focused on the evolution of quantities of engineering interest over time. The benchmark analysis points out the differences in the code predictions of fuel central temperature, fuel-cladding gap width, cladding outer radius, pin internal pressure and fission gas release and suggests potential modelling development paths towards an improved description of the fuel pin behaviour in fast reactor irradiation conditions.
Modeling Human Gonad Development in Organoids
Pryzhkova Marina V.,Boers Romina,Jordan Philip W. 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.6
BACKGROUND: Our learning about human reproductive development is greatly hampered due to the absence of an adequate model. Animal studies cannot truthfully recapitulate human developmental processes, and studies of human fetal tissues are limited by their availability and ethical restrictions. Innovative three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology utilizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offered a new approach to study tissue and organ development in vitro. However, a system for modeling human gonad development has not been established, thus, limiting our ability to study causes of infertility. METHODS: In our study we utilized the 3D hPSC organoid culture in mini-spin bioreactors. Relying on intrinsic selforganizing and differentiation capabilities of stem cells, we explored whether organoids could mimic the development of human embryonic and fetal gonad. RESULTS: We have developed a simple, bioreactor-based organoid system for modeling early human gonad development. Male hPSC-derived organoids follow the embryonic gonad developmental trajectory and differentiate into multipotent progenitors, which further specialize into testicular supporting and interstitial cells. We demonstrated functional activity of the generated cell types by analyzing the expression of cell type-specific markers. Furthermore, the specification of gonadal progenitors in organoid culture was accompanied by the characteristic architectural tissue organization. CONCLUSION: This organoid system opens the opportunity for detailed studies of human gonad and germ cell development that can advance our understanding of sex development disorders. Implementation of human gonad organoid technology could be extended to modeling causes of infertility and regenerative medicine applications.