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Yoon Bo Kyeong,TAN SUE WOON,Tan Jia Ying Brenda,Jackman Joshua A.,Cho Nam-Joon 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.48
The use of nanoscience tools to investigate how antimicrobial lipids disrupt phospholipid membranes has greatly advanced molecular-level biophysical understanding and opened the door to new application possibilities. Until now, relevant studies have focused on even-chain antimicrobial lipids while there remains an outstanding need to investigate the membrane-disruptive properties of odd-chain antimicrobial lipids that are known to be highly biologically active. Herein, using the quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, we investigated how an 11-carbon, saturated fatty acid and its corresponding monoglyceride—termed undecanoic acid and monoundecanoin, respectively—disrupt membrane-mimicking phospholipid bilayers with different nanoarchitectures. QCM-D tracking revealed that undecanoic acid and monoundecanoin caused membrane tubulation and budding from supported lipid bilayers, respectively, and were only active above their experimentally determined critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. Monoundecanoin was more potent due to a lower CMC and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization demonstrated that monoundecanoin caused irreversible membrane disruption of a tethered lipid bilayer platform at sufficiently high compound concentrations, whereas undecanoic acid only induced transient membrane disruption. This integrated biophysical approach also led us to identify that the tested 11-carbon antimicrobial lipids cause more extensive membrane disruption than their respective 12-carbon analogues at 2 × CMC, which suggests that they could be promising molecular components within next-generation antimicrobial nanomedicine strategies.
Hyung Joo Yoon,Kyeong Yong Lee,Yong Bo Lee,Namjung Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. Bumblebees generally produce one generation per year. One of the key stages for year-round rearing of bumblebees is breaking diapause. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2-narcosis and cold treatment to break the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determined whether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after the diapause break. The diapause treatment regimes that were utilized were CO2(CO2– narcosis), CT-1M(cold treatment at 5°C for 1 month), CT-1M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 1 month), CT-2M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2 months), CT-2M (cold treatment for 2 months), CT-2.5M-CO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2.5 months) and CT-2.5M (cold treatment at 5°C for 2.5 months). In view of the effects on the colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus queens, the most favorable diapause treatment was CT-1M-CO2. A combination method of CO2– narcosis and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of single CO2–narcosis or cold temperature treatment on the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitus queens. In the case of B. terrestris queens, we concluded that a combination method of CO2 and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of a single cold-temperature(up to2 months) treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the combined application of CO2 and cold temperature was a favorable method for the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens compared with only CO2–narcosisorcoldtemperaturetreatments. A combination method of CO2 and cold treatment reduced the side effect of CO2–narcosis and shortened the duration of cold treatment by at least 1month.
Ecological Characteristics of Korean Native Bumblebee, Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis
Hyung Joo Yoon,Kyeong Yong Lee,MI Ae Kim,Yeong Bo Lee,Sun Yeoung Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
The post-hibernated queens of Korean native bumblebee, Bombus hypocrita saporoensis were collected in Jeong-Sun, Korea to investigate their ecological characteristics and reared under the laboratory conditions; 27℃, 65% R.H. and darkness. The average weight of collected queens was 0.87±0.14g and 0.8g class was most abundant (34.7%) among eight weight classes. The rates of colony initiation, colony foundation and progeny-queen production were 76.3%, 60.0% and 42.5%, respectively. The durations up to colony initiation and colony foundation were 12.0±6.7 days and 49.3±2.4 days, respectively. The duration up to first worker, male and queen emergence were 22.2±3.0 days, 63.4±6.5 days and 63.5±8.7 days, respectively. The number of progenies was 108.5±26.0 workers, 186.7±70.7 males and 39.1±30.3 queens. The longevity of colony founded queen was 90.2±19.9 days whereas that of non-colonized queen was 35.9±30.3 days. Copulation time was 29.5±9.6 min. The number of eggs per egg cell laid new queen was 9.3±2.3 grains. An egg shaped as banana and it’s size was 1.12±0.10 mm in a width, 3.54± 0.16 mm in a length and 2.26±0.34 mg in a weight.
The Most Appropriate Method and Solution for Collecting Sperm of Bumblebee Male
Hyung Joo Yoon,Kyeong Yong Lee,Yong Bo Lee,Young Hee Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Artificial insemination is a technique to transfer instrumentally sperm from the male into the female’s reproductive system. A key factor among artificial insemination techniques is gathering sperms. Here, a method for collecting sperm of bumblebee male by pressing was firstly developed. This method has stage of separating reprodutive tract of male, separating accessory testis, separating vas deferens, pressing vas deferens with cover-glass and collecting sperm with syringe. The developed method was 2.8 fold higher in rate of collecting sperm than that of existing method. Among 1M NaCl-, Insect ringer solution-, Phosphate buffered saline(PBS)-collecting sperm solutions, PBS was exhibited the best result as 17.2 sperms/cell, which corresponded to 1.6-1.8 fold increased over the result of other collecting sperm solution. Consequently, we think that this method is very important technique to save time for collecting sperm, to keep activity of sperm and to reduce contamination of sperm.
Kyeong Yong Lee,Sankar Kathannan,Young Bo Lee,Hyung Joo Yoon 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.4
Bee traffic at the hive entrance can be used as an important indicator of foraging activity. We investigated the flight speed and patterns of honeybees and bumblebees near their hives as a basis for calculating bee traffic using the image deep learning. The flying speed of bumblebees (0.48±0.36 m/s) near the hive was 1.4 times faster than that of honeybees (0.35±0.21 m/s). The flight speed of honeybee leaving the hive (0.54±0.33 m/s) was 1.7 times faster than that when entering the beehive (0.32±0.18 m/s). Distance from the hive and flight speed showed a positive correlation (honeybee r=0.600, bumblebee 0.659), and a significant linear regression model was derived (honeybee R2=0.516, bumblebee 0.433). The flight pattern near the hive differed significantly according to bee at entering and leaving the hive. Honeybees mainly showed flight that changed flight direction more than once (69.5%), whereas bumblebees mainly performed straight flight (48.7%) or had a single turn (36.5%) in flight. When bees entered the hive, honeybees primarily showed one-turn or two-turn flight patterns (88.5%), and bumblebees showed a one-turn flight pattern (48.0%). In contrast, when leaving the hive, honeybees primarily showed a straight flight pattern (63.0%), and bumblebees primarily showed a straight or one-turn pattern (90.5%). There was a significant difference in flight speed according to the flight pattern. The speed of straight flight (0.89±0.47 m/s) was 1.5 to 2.1 times faster than flight where direction changed. In summary, the speed and pattern of bees returning to or leaving the hive were different to from to the hive, and there were also differences between bee species. Therefore, our results can help determine the ideal frame rate for effectively capturing and recognizing the flying image of bees when calculating bee traffic by image deep learning.
( Bo-kyeong Kang ),( Mimi Kim ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Eun Jin Kim ),( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: To reappraise the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS) using MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as a reference standard and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the grading of HS. Methods: This study includes 184 patients who simultaneously underwent ultrasonography and MRI PDFF between February 2014 and October 2016. Four sonographic parameters were evaluated independently by two radiologists. The hepatic fat fraction is defined as the average of 24 non-overlapping regions of interest (ROIs) obtained by drawing three ROIs within each segment in MRI. The diagnostic performance in assessing the diagnosis and severity of HS was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Abnormal hepatorenal echoes and loss of echogenicity of the portal vein were good surrogate markers for the diagnosis of HS. There was a strongly positive correlation between the sonographic findings and hepatic fat fraction (r=0.754, P<0.001). A sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 74.8% were achieved by using abnormal hepatorenal echoes to diagnose mild fatty liver, with a value of area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.875. Loss of echogenicity of the portal vein with abnormal hepatorenal echoes had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85.9%, and an AUROC of 0.930 in detecting moderate fatty liver. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of mild fatty liver with ultrasonography were excellent. Abnormal hepatorenal echoes and/or loss of echogenicity of the portal vein were relevant surrogate markers to diagnose fatty liver.
Kyeong Yong Lee,Bo Yeon Kim,Kwang Sik Lee,Hyung Joo Yoon,Byung Rae Jin 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Serine protease inhibitors play a critical role in physiological processes and immune responses by regulating serine protease activities. Here we describe the molecular cloning and antimicrobial activities of a serine protease inhibitor from the mason bee, Osmia cornifrons (OcSPI). OcSPI consists of 405 amino acid residues and contains a potential reactive center loop (RCL) region in its C-terminus. Recombinant OcSPI was produced as a 64-kDa glycoprotein in baculovirus-infected insect cells and exhibited inhibitory activity against chymotrypsin. Additionally, OcSPI demonstrated inhibitory activity against microbial serine proteases, such as subtilisin A and proteinase K, but not against tissue plasminogen activator, thrombin, or plasmin. Recombinant OcSPI bound directly to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Beauveria bassiana and exhibited antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. Our results demonstrated the antimicrobial functions of OcSPI and suggest a role for OcSPI in the immune response of O. cornifrons.