Effect of intermittent cooling on baseball pitching and catching

Bishop, Stacy H The University of Alabama 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Cryotherapy has been shown to be an effective method for reducing edema and inflammation, decreasing pain in acute injury, and is being studied as an aid in recovery. The traditional recovery treatment between innings for pitchers and catchers is to rest in the dugout. In this study, pitchers (n = 8) threw two simulated games separated by 5-7 days for recovery. Participants were given 4 min of intermittent arm and shoulder cooling treatment (AC) or no cooling (NC) in between each of 5-simulated innings. Pitchers that received NC had a significant decrease in velocity over the 5 innings (4%); by contrast, pitchers that received AC maintained pitching velocity (p = 0.04) (all-innings mean velocity 31.2 +/- 2.1 m•s-1 versus 30.6 +/- 2.2 m•s-1). Average pitch speed in the 4th inning and 5th inning was significantly faster for AC (31.3 +/- 2 m•s-1 and 31.3 +/- 2 m•s-1) compared to NC (30 +/- 2 m•s -1 and 30.4 +/- 2 m•s-1, p= 0.04), respectively. Additionally, AC resulted in significantly lower perceived exertion (RPE) (p = 0.01) and improved perceived recovery (PRS) (p = 0.01) compared to NC in a temperate environment. In catchers (n = 6), torso cooling (TC) resulted in a significantly lower RPE (p = 0.01) and improved PRS (p = 0.01) compared to NC. Significantly lower mean recovery HR was seen during the TC treatment compared to NC in the 5th (84 +/- 8 vs. 90 +/- 9 bpm, p = 0.04), 7th (84 +/- 3 vs. 92 +/-7 bpm, p = 0.02), and 9th (85 +/- 7 vs. 93 +/- 5 bpm, p = 0.01) innings. Increase in rectal temperature was smaller in TC compared to NC (0.58 +/- 0.20°C vs. 0.98 +/- 0.20°C, p = 0.01). Working HR was significantly lower at the end of the TC when compared to NC (108 +/- 16 vs. 120 +/- 19 bpm, p = 0.02). Cryotherapy improved recovery during baseball pitching and catching, attenuated a decrease in pitching velocity as well as attenuated core temperature increases in catchers.

The Integration of Principles of Motor Learning to Reduce Gait Asymmetry Using a Novel Robotic Device in Individuals Chronically Post-Stroke

Bishop, Lauri Columbia University ProQuest Dissertations & These 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Unilateral deficits resulting from stroke manifest as reduced velocity, decreased cadence and asymmetries in temporal, spatial and force parameters during ambulation. Gait asymmetries and compensatory strategies employed during gait result in a higher mechanical energy cost that limits activity and community participation. Despite conventional rehabilitation efforts, individuals often remain with chronic gait deficits after stroke. Robotic-based therapies have been developed as an alternative to conventional rehabilitation. These therapies offer the means to provide task-specific training at an intensity greater than that of conventional approaches; however, to date outcomes have been similar to that of conventional training. One factor potentially contributing to the limited efficacy of robotic training is the active-assist control strategy that is often employed. This type of training strategy reduces the users' engagement in the learning process and limits skilled learning. The tethered pelvic assist device (TPAD) is a robotic device that employs actuated tethers at the pelvis to guide the user along a pre-set movement trajectory. While other robotic devices restrict movement to a fixed trajectory, the TPAD promotes shifting weight onto the paretic limb, but permits users to freely move the limb to navigate spatiotemporal aspects of training independently. This allows individuals to participate in the problem-solving process required for motor learning to occur, facilitating a more active role in the motor task itself, and thus promoting learning. Earlier work utilized the TPAD to reduce gait asymmetry in a population of individuals in the chronic phase after stroke in a single training session (Bishop et al., 2015; Vashista, 2015). Results demonstrated an increase in propulsive forces of the affected limb as a result of the intervention, but these gains did not transfer to overground gait. A follow up study explored the feasibility and efficacy of two different training strategies using the TPAD (Bishop et al., 2017). Both training strategies proved feasible and similarly efficacious. The current work examines the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a five-day intervention using the TPAD with faded visual feedback and a short bout of task-specific overground training to reduce gait asymmetry in a population of individuals at least six months after stroke. Participants underwent a series of three Pre Test assessments within a one-week interval prior to initiating the intervention. Training occurred over five consecutive days, with a Post Test assessment administered on conclusion of Day 5 of training. A one-week Follow Up assessment was also recorded. Results demonstrated this intervention coupling TPAD training with additional tenets of motor learning including visual feedback and salient task-specific overground training was feasible in terms of safety, tolerance and adherence. Further, while participant's load asymmetry was not significantly reduced on the treadmill from Baseline to Post Training (p >0.05), there was a significant improvement in stance symmetry during overground gait (F = 8.498, p = 0.002). These results suggest that the integration of motor learning tenets with robotic TPAD training was useful in facilitating gains to overground walking. Implications to the broader scope of robotic training suggest that creating an environment in which the user plays a more active role is useful at maximizing effects of robotic training. Future work should include comparison groups (TPAD treadmill training, overground training, and combined TPAD and overground training) with a more robust sample size for a longer duration of training to parse out contributing factors to overground gains. Future work should also consider a longer training and follow up interval in an effort to determine whether individuals are able to maintain improvements longer than the immediate post training period.

Discoures integration by good and poor readers

Bishop, F. Michler UMI 1982 국내석사

Discourse integration by good and poor readers

Bishop II, F. Michler s.n. 국내석사

A Nutritional Ecology Study of Dermatemys Mawii, A Critically Endangered Species of Fresh-Water Turtle Endemic to Central America

Bishop, Nichole D ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Flor 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation focuses on the nutritional ecology of Dermatemys mawii, a critically endangered species of fresh-water turtle endemic to Central America. The field of nutritional ecology studies the relationships among feeding, digestive physiology and diet (Choats and Clements 1998). Nutritional ecology is integrative and draws from various disciplines including evolutionary biology, physiology, behavioral studies, ecology, and microbiology.Captive breeding programs for D. mawii have been identified as an important component of conservation efforts for D. mawii (Rainwater et al. 2012), but relatively little is known about their biology and ecology. In the wild, adult D. mawii are herbivorous and hatchlings and juveniles are believed to be as well (Moll 1986; Vogt et al. 2011; Bishop et al. in prep). Herbivores require special adaptations to process the structural components of plants, such as cellulose. The relationships between digestion and retention time, food quality, gut capacity, and rate of intake are important in understanding nutritional ecology at the level of the organism (Raubenheimer et al. 2009).The stomach contents of wild D. mawii were quantified and analyzed to better understand potential dietary differences between males and females, age classes, and habitat (Chapter 2). A feeding trial was conducted with yearling D. mawii to evaluate their digestive efficiency (Chapter 3). The gut microbiome of hatchling D. mawii was analyzed with high-throughput sequencing (Chapter 4). Finally, growth models were used to estimate the age and size at the onset of sexual maturity in a captive population of D. mawii (Chapter 5).The results suggest that D. mawii are primarily folivorous, relying heavily upon riparian vegetation that is shed into their aquatic habitat. When consuming a diet consisting solely of fat leaf fig (Ficus insipida) leaves, the yearlings demonstrated relatively high digestive efficiencies for many of the nutrients tested, included nitrogen, which may contribute to fast growth rates. However, sexual maturity is delayed, characteristic of many chelonids.

A study of utopianism and skepticism in The Crying of Lot 49 : The Crying of Lot 49에서의 이상주의와 무신론에 대한 연구

Bishop, Nicholas Hugh Graduate School of Incheon University 2004 국내박사

Thomas Pynchon은 그의 작품 The Crying of Lot 49을 통해서 우리가 발견할 수 있는 숨겨진 구조의 고전적인 개념과 우리 자신을 통해 만들어 낼 수 있는 현대적인 개념을 찾고자하였다. 무신론은 창조하고자 하는 우리 자신의 힘과 연관되어 있으며, 이상주의는 이상적인 가치를 만들어내고자 하는 우리 자신의 능력과 연관되어 있다. 이 소설에서 여주인공인 Oedipa Maas는 그노시스파의 가치와 현실적 힘에 대한 이상 사이의 덫에 걸려있다. Pynchon은 Oedipa의 현실적 상황에 대한 은유적 표현을 위해 Remedios Varo의 그림을 사용하고 있다. 이 그림은 불확실성을 표현해 주고 있으며, 독립적 자아를 설정하려는 노력이기도 하다. 그러나 이 소설에서 Pynchon은 어떻게 이것이 단지 유아주의와 나르시시즘에 이르고 있는지를 보여준다. 또한 하느님께서 욥에게 회오리 속에서 말씀하신 것과 같은 다른 은유를 통해서도 이러한 사실을 보여주고 있다. 우리는 계시를 들을 수 없다. 그래서 Oedipa는 가치의 대체물 즉 상징적 의미를 가진 뿔각의 Tristero를 만들려고 노력한다. 이러한 시도는 그녀를 깊은 편집증적 현상과 고립으로 몰고 간다. Oedipa가 독립적이지 못하고, 자신의 계시를 알지 못하는 것을 보여줌으로써, 현실과 진실, 그리고 의미의 기초를 다시 창조해 낸다. Oedipa의 실패는 언어의 선물인 카리스마를 위한 그녀의 정신적 추구의 실패이다. 그러나 그에 상응하는 이성적 전통 질서를 갖지 못한다. 그러한 불완전함은 마침내 Oedipa가 신과 우상숭배사이의 선택을 요구하게 된다. In The Crying of Lot 49 Thomas Pynchon challenges both the classical notion of a hidden structure that we discover and the modernist notion of a structure that we create through our own self. Skepticism relates to our own power to create and utopianism relates to our own ability to establish ideal values. In the novel, the heroine, Oedipa Maas, is trapped between these idealizations of existential power and gnostic value. Pynchon uses a painting by Remedios Varo to provide a metaphor for Oedipa's existential state. By inverting the Christian creation, the painting introduces uncertainty and attempts to construct an independent self; but, in the novel, Pynchon shows how this only leads to solipsism and narcissism. Through another metaphor, that of a slow whirlwind (God spoke to Job out of a whirlwind), we cannot hear the words of revelation, and so Oedipa tries to construct an alternative source of value, the Tristero, with its symbol of the muted post horn-to mute the trumpets of the Apocalypse through bureaucratic waste. However, this just leads her into deeper gnostic paranoia and isolation. By showing how Oedipa can neither become an independent self, nor can realize her own personal revelation, Pynchon re-establishes a basis for reality, truth and meaning. Oedipa's failure is the failure of her mystical search for charisma, the gift of tongues, but without the corresponding rational order of tradition. Such one-sidedness, Implies that, at the end, Oedipa (and the reader) must choose between God and idolatry.

VISIONS OF LIGHT : A STUDY OF LIGHT IN VISUAL ART AN EXHIBITION/CONTEXTUAL ESSAY AND RESEARCH PROJECT (FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT)

BISHOP, CAROL LEE The Union Institute 1995 국내박사

Dicourse integration by good and poor readers

Bishop, F. Michler, Jr Columbia Univ. Press 1983 국내박사

Discourse integration by good and poor readers

Bishop, F. Michler Columbia University 1983 해외박사

Deterrence and social control : a longitudinal study of the effects of sanctioning and social bonding on the prevention of delinquency

Bishop, Donna M 1983 국내석사