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- 발행기관 : The University of Alabama (검색결과 419 건)
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Williams, Megan The University of Alabama ProQuest Dissertations & 2023 해외박사(DDOD)
College students experience negative sexual health outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unintended pregnancies. Increasing their use of clinical sexual health services may help reduce these poor outcomes. Currently, little is known about the sexual health service utilization of college students in Alabama or the factors that impact college students' use of sexual health services (SHS) in Alabama. The purpose of this project was to use Andersen's Model of Healthcare Utilization (AMHU) as a framework to explore previous seeking of (PSHS-SB) and intentions to use SHS in Alabama (ISHS) and determine factors associated with college students' use of SHS in Alabama. During spring 2023, 469 University of Alabama (UA) students were recruited for an online, self-report survey regarding sexual health services. The majority of students (82.1%) had sought a SHS in Alabama since they had been enrolled as a student at UA and most (67.2%) intended to utilize at least one SHS in Alabama in the next 12 months. Not considering Alabama as their home state (OR=.044, 95% CI [02, .13]), having awareness of the SHS available in Alabama (OR=1.246, 95% CI [1.10, 1.42]), having a greater number of sexual partners (OR=11.401, 95% CI [3.65, 35.47]), and having had an STI symptom explained past seeking-behaviors of SHS in Alabama (OR=7.935, 95% CI [1.02, 61.96]). Identifying as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ+) (OR=2.286, 95% CI [1.25, 4.20]), not considering Alabama as their home state (OR=.094, 95% CI [.05, 0.17]), not being insured by their parent (OR=.372, 95% CI [.15, .90]), having awareness of the SHS available in Alabama (OR=1.127, 95% CI [1.01, 1.26]), and having had an STI symptom (OR=3.561, 95% CI [1.50, 8.44]), contributed to intentions to seek SHS in Alabama in the next 12 months.The lack of utilization of SHS may be putting college students at risk of experiencing negative sexual health outcomes. Several factors uniquely impact college students' use of these services in Alabama. Health educators, clinicians, and college-health professionals should consider incorporating these factors into programming, health services, and awareness campaigns to increase sexual health service utilization by college students in Alabama.
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King, Kelly Todd The University of Alabama at Birmingham 2004 해외박사(DDOD)
The increased life span and the inclusion of children with special health care needs in the public school systems have caused a greater demand for health care provision in the classroom. In order to understand the complexity and the extent of this issue and because a study of this type has not been published for Alabama, a survey was created to assess the continuing education needs of public school nurses and prevalence of chronic conditions and health care procedures performed in Alabama's public schools. This survey was created by combining surveys previously utilized in other states. The created survey was then nationally validated via the internet and fax by utilizing a modified Delphi process. After validation, the survey was mailed to every public school in Alabama. A second mailing to nonresponders and phone call follow-up was initiated in an effort to increase the response rate. Surveys were mailed to 1,481 schools and a total of 422 surveys were returned with a response rate of 28.49%. The most requested continuing education topic was Juvenile Diabetes with the second choice of Asthma. The educational format most re quested was an in-service format. A mean of 55.51 chronic conditions existed per public school in Alabama, and the most prevalent chronic condition was asthma with a mean of 22.75 students with asthma per school. The total procedures per day per school equaled 22.38, and oral medication was the most commonly performed health care procedure with a mean of 6.26 procedures per day per school. When the data are extrapolated to represent the entire state school population and not just the 422 responding schools, 82,210 cases of chronic conditions would exist with 33,692 cases of asthma. Students annually requiring unique health care procedures would total 71,443, and 33,145 health care procedures would be performed on a daily basis. This study will assist in the creation of educational programs for school nurses and the care for this student population.
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Perceptions of a university-school collaborative partnership
Smith, Annie The University of Alabama 2009 해외공개박사
Assessing Professional Development School (PDS) partnerships in teacher education presents a challenge for researchers and program evaluators because of the uniqueness of each program and the lack of a universal definition (Teitel, 2001). Since the prominence of PDSs university--school partnerships have become a model for school reform by underlining the need for collaboration between K-12 schools and universities (Campoy, 2000). The desired outcome is education reform that occurs simultaneously between K-12 schools and at the university level. Although participants involved in PDS partnerships tend to attest to their value, connections between PDS activities and their impact on teaching have been hard to document (Castle, Fox, & Sounder, 2006). Issues of educator accountability and student achievement have almost demanded scientific research showing program impact. In response to this demand, several groups have established PDS standards and models to help examine the impact and the perceived impact of these programs. Utilizing existing PDS standards and models, this study examined the impact of the partnership between a university and two K-12 school systems located in the Southeastern part of the United States and based on multiple stakeholder perceptions. It also compared the beliefs, attitudes, or opinions of multiple stakeholders involved in different PDS partnerships. PDS partners felt that the partnership was on target. And there were no significant differences in the stakeholders' beliefs about the progression of the partnership. The study aimed to show program impact based on a combination of standards and principles set by the Holmes Group, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), and specific goals set by the University-School Consortium for Educational Renewal (USCER) partnership, a joint venture between two K-12 school systems and a college of education at the local university. The members, structure, goals, resources, and outcome were included in the study. Similar to other PDS partnerships, USCER works in collaboration to develop university-school partnerships for the renewal of educational programs and the improvement of student achievement. Each stakeholder has individual as well as collective goals for USCER. Assessing USCER's impact is key to the justification and sustainability of the partnership.
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Rivers, Brian Maurice The University of Alabama at Birmingham 2004 해외박사(DDOD)
The objective of the study was twofold: (1) to ascertain the relationship between prostate knowledge and perceived readiness to be screened for prostate cancer in older African American and White men living in Alabama; and (2) to identify the role of knowledge in the relationship between sociodemographic factors and perceived readiness for prostate cancer screening. One hundred eighty men ages 50 and older residing in Tuscaloosa and Birmingham, Alabama, were surveyed on their demographic characteristics, knowledge of prostate cancer, perceived barriers to prostate cancer screening, and perceived personal risk of prostate cancer. The relationship between knowledge and sociodemographic factors (age, education, employment, income, marital status, and symptoms) and perceived readiness was also assessed. Eighty-one percent of the respondents answered at least 50% (7 out of 14) of the prostate cancer knowledge questions correctly. Mediation analyses revealed that knowledge fully mediated the relationship between age and perceived readiness. Knowledge partially mediated the relationship between education, income, marital status, and perceived readiness. Through the identification of the relationship between sociodemographics, knowledge, and perceived readiness, appropriate programs may be developed to aid in reducing the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer currently being witnessed among men, particularly African American men, in Alabama. With the identification of the impact of knowledge in the decision-making process, both members and non-members of populations at high risk will be empowered with the knowledge to make informed decisions about being screened for prostate cancer, thus enabling early detection and treatment.
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Survey of drinking water quality and health in Alabama's Black Belt
Wedgworth, Jessica Cook The University of Alabama 2014 해외박사(DDOD)
Worldwide, approximately 768 million people drink unsafe water, which is potentially contaminated by the 2.5 billion people without sanitation facilities. The need for basic services such as safe drinking water and effective waste treatment in underserved and un-served human populations is usually associated with developing countries, but poor, rural areas of the US with small populations are also at risk. The majority of US public water systems serve small populations, creating unique financial, operational, and infrastructure sustainability challenges that limit the ability of the system to provide drinking water that meets current Environmental Protection Agency standards. Small water systems in Alabama's rural Black Belt face these challenges, with potential impacts on the health of the consumers. To investigate drinking water quality in this region, a cross sectional pilot study of 305 households using both private wells and county public supply in a rural Alabama county was initiated. Results found a substantial number of water samples were positive for fecal coliforms and members of households with positive samples were more likely to experience illness. These data suggested that access to safe water may be limited in this area, putting residents at risk for illness. To test hypotheses generated in the pilot study, the research area was expanded to include 910 households in 3 counties representing 14 water systems. At each household, water samples and measurements were taken, and a survey was completed. Consumer-reported data were found to be of limited utility in predicting potential microbiological risks, although consumer feedback on low pressure---a risk factor for contamination---may be relatively reliable and therefore useful in future monitoring efforts. Also, poor water service delivery and aesthetic characteristics were shown to be good indicators for reported gastrointestinal illness. To examine the water quality at the system level, large volume water samples were taken from 12 water systems across the same 3 counties. Within each system, 10 sample locations were chosen and sampled at 3 different time points. Overall, sample collection location within the distribution system proved to have minimal effects on water quality suggesting that time and possibly seasonality were potential indicators of water quality and contamination events. It was concluded that for the study area wastewater containment at the household level, and water quality at the household and system level were both found to be substandard. However, regulation of household wastewater is a required prerequisite to improving water quality in the Black belt of rural Alabama.
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Briley, Jason Scott The University of Alabama 2007 해외공개박사
This study investigated the relationships among mathematical beliefs, sources of self-regulation, and achievement for university-level remedial mathematics students. Most self-regulation models put emphasis on active self-regulation, including the use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, as the only internal source of self-regulation that impacts learning processes. However, the biofunctional model proposes that learning is multisource in nature, affected by both external and internal sources. This model includes, as a second internal source of self-regulation, dynamic (or biofunctional) self-regulation processes as the immediate source of curiosity and interest. Furthermore, epistemological and mathematical beliefs have been shown to be related to self-regulation and achievement. Therefore, both beliefs and self-regulation may be seen as contributors to student learning. This is especially important for remedial students, whose possibly nonavailing beliefs about mathematics and/or poor self-regulation may adversely affect their learning for understanding. In this study, 94 mathematics students completed two surveys to measure mathematical beliefs and active self-regulation, dynamic self-regulation, and multiple-source self-regulation. The results showed that students who reported more availing beliefs about the nature of mathematics, the doing, validating, and learning of mathematics, and the usefulness of mathematics were more likely to report greater frequency of all three types of self-regulation. The belief about the usefulness of mathematics and multiple-source self-regulation positively predicted mathematics achievement, whereas active self-regulation negatively predicted mathematics achievement. Multiple-source self-regulation was a positive predictor of academic achievement as well. Most of the findings were consistent with biofunctional theory. The implication of this study is that mathematics educators need to recognize the importance of availing mathematical beliefs as well as multiple-source or wholetheme self-regulation for possibly better learning outcomes for students.
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