A Novel Research on Visible Light Communication for Indoor Smart Plant Growing Industry

SANA JAVED Incheon National University Graduate School, Inche 2022 국내석사

In this thesis an idea of indoor smart farming using the VLC technology is presented. Indoor smart-farming based on artificial grow lights has gained attention in the past few years. In modern agricultural technology, the growth status is generally monitored and controlled by radio-frequency communication networks. However, it is reported that the radio-frequency (RF) could present a negative impact on the growth rate and the health condition of the vegetables. This work proposes an energy-efficient and RF-free solution replacing or augmenting the current RF system by utilizing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the grow lights and adopting visible light communications and optical camera communication for the smart-farming systems. In particular, in the proposed system, communication data is modulated via a 24 % additional green grow LED light that is also known to be beneficial for the growth of the vegetables. Optical cameras capture the modulated green light reflected from the vegetables for the uplink connection. A combination of white ceiling LEDs and photodetectors provides the downlink, enabling an RF-free communication network as a whole. Also, in the proposed architecture, the smart-farming units are modularized, leading to flexible mobility. Following theoretical analysis and simulations, a proof-of-concept demonstration presents the feasibility of the proposed architecture by success-fully demonstrating the maximum data-rates of 840 bps (uplink) and 20 Mbps (downlink). 본 논문에서는 VLC 기술을 이용한 실내 스마트 농업에 대한 아이디어를 제시한다. 인공 재배 조명을 기반으로 한 실내 스마트 농업은 지난 몇 년 동안 주목을 받았습니다. 현대 농업 기술에서 성장 상태는 일반적으로 무선 주파수 통신 네트워크에 의해 모니터링되고 제어됩니다. 그러나 무선 주파수(RF)는 채소의 성장 속도와 건강 상태에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다고 보고됩니다. 이 작업은 성장 조명으로 발광 다이오드(LED)를 사용하고 스마트 농업 시스템에 가시광 통신 및 광학 카메라 통신을 채택하여 현재의 RF 시스템을 대체하거나 보강하는 에너지 효율적이고 RF가 없는 솔루션을 제안합니다. 특히, 제안된 시스템에서 통신 데이터는 채소의 성장에도 유익한 것으로 알려진 24% 추가 녹색 성장 LED 조명을 통해 변조됩니다. 광학 카메라는 업링크 연결을 위해 야채에서 반사된 변조된 녹색 빛을 캡처합니다. 백색 천장 LED와 광검출기의 조합은 다운링크를 제공하여 전체적으로 RF가 없는 통신 네트워크를 가능하게 합니다. 또한 제안된 아키텍처에서 스마트 농업 단위는 모듈화되어 유연한 이동성을 제공합니다. 이론적인 분석과 시뮬레이션에 이어 개념 증명 시연은 840bps(업링크) 및 20Mbps(다운링크)의 최대 데이터 속도를 성공적으로 시연함으로써 제안된 아키텍처의 실현 가능성을 보여줍니다.

A study on the research trend in Europe ports : Focus on the Baltic Sea using Keyword network

Beatriz Barrera Delgado Incheon National University, Graduate School of Lo 2018 국내석사

Since the 17th century, international trade has become a highly used concept as a result of the development in the navigation skills. In the recent years, maritime transport increased its activities in more than a 70% in a worldwide scale. Compared to other transport modalities, shipping companies and seaports have made the most of its resources, shaping the international trade picture. Maritime transport has become essential to understand the development of international trade. The majority of the researchers in a worldwide perspective have focused so far on evaluating the development of seaports, precisely container seaports. The most researched topics are related to port performance, like ensuring the depth of the water, port competition and port governance. However, some other topics are yet to be fully researched, like environmental management, marine ecosystem or a balanced development towards green ports. This research intends to focus on assessing the research in the Baltic Sea area, due to its potential and opportunity for growth and improvement in the previously mentioned topics. Thus, the object this paper is to provide insight to the academic world and to organizations about the latest port research in the Baltic Sea area in the domestic field. For this purpose, a research trend over a period of ten years using SNA (Social Network Analysis) applied to a Keyword Network Analysis is carried out. The measures applied to the analysis were degree and betweenness centrality. The results of this research show that the domestic researches on the Baltic Sea ports have evolved in the recent years towards Shipping, Marine Ecosystem and Pollution related topics. This is partially in step with the international research. As shipping companies and other organizations are in line with the demands of the society, their requirements of more responsible strategies towards the environment are the actual priority. Therefore, the domestic research is bound to evolve in the same direction. Lastly, the implications of this research. The keywords that came first in the rank for both degree and betweenness analysis were related the topics of marine environment prevention and management, shipping and pollution. Hence, the first implication of this paper is that researchers should continue to focus on those topics, as the research is not yet complete. Also, companies and the government should focus their efforts and investment in R&D development for a better performance and environmental management, in close cooperation with researchers. The second limitation would be that, in this paper, the period covered for the research trend has been of ten years, excluding domestic papers written in Korean due to a language barrier. In order to obtain more accurate results, future researchers should consider a larger period of time, and also include domestic papers. Then, the results could serve as a better guidance for the academic world.

A study on the generalization of Bertrand curves in R^(n) : R^(n)에서 버트란드 곡선의 일반화에 관한 연구

문병수 Graduate School of Incheon University 2004 국내박사

미분기하학자들이 추구하는 주요 연구과제 중의 하나는 3차원에서의 어떤 기하학적인 개념을 n차원으로 확장하고, 몇 가지의 유용하고도 간단한 기하학적인 구조를 발견하는 것이다. 이는 n차원에서 곡선의 많은 흥미로운 성질들이 주어진 곡선과 합동이 아닌 또 다른 곡선과 일대일 대응시키는 조건을 부여함으로서 얻어지며, 대응된 점에서 그 곡선들이 몇 지의 특수한 성질을 갖는다. 예를 들어, 3차원에서의 Bertrand 곡선들은 대응된 점에서 같은 주 법선을 갖는 한 쌍의 곡선이며, 여기에 관한 많은 흥미롭고 아름다운 성질들이 조사되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 Bertrand 곡선을 n차원으로 확장하여 정의하고, 그에 관한 여러 성질들을 조사하고자 하다. 특히 N_(2) 곡선을 정의하고 그에 따른 새롭고 흥미로운 성질들을 조사하여 3차원에서의 Bertrand 곡선의 성질과 비교 분석하였다.

ANALYSIS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE PORTS’ NETWORK USING SNA

아드리아나 Incheon National University , Graduate School of L 2020 국내석사

The Cruise industry in the Mediterranean region has increased between 2000 - 2018, being the second most important after the Caribbean. In order to see which ports are Hubs in the node network of the Mediterranean, this paper investigates the centrality of the Mediterranean port, a Hub and Authority index is proposed to classify the ports hub index and explore the centrality synthesis for the cruise shipping network in the Mediterranean region. For this purpose, this area has been explored multiple times for the economic, touristic and even environmental purposes. This paper uses the SNA Methodology, that includes Hub and Authority combined centrality (HACC) that has been used to analyze the problems of the cruise port centrality, as well as the Degree centrality, In- Degree and Out-Degree, and In Betweenness. The Empirical study suggests Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Corfu, La Valletta, Livorno, Naples, Palma de Mallorca, Piraeus, Southampton (in alphabetical order) that reproduce the essentials of Cruise Hub ports. For example, even if Barcelona has less out-degree than Civitavecchia, in terms of HACC (Hub ports index) is the first one. Southampton is one of the main homeports of the European network and connecting the Mediterranean Southern area of Europe as well as the Northern part with the Atlantic Ocean ports. Therefore, the British port connects this region with others as the Caribbean or Asian region. Even though, in terms of Authority and Hub index, other European ports have more attractiveness to the cruise industry in terms of weather or just because the passengers search for a different type of tourism. In terms of attractiveness it is found that ports located in the Western Mediterranean are more likely to be selected by the tourists as part of the route they want to experience. The implications of this paper can be divided in two types, academics and practical implications. The Academic implications that the study of the cruise ports in the Mediterranean, is the integration of the data based on real itineraries and POC (number of stops a vessel has), as well as the selection of the Hubs of the area. For the practical implications, with this study we can understand better that area is a clear requirement for the Cruise industry, as way to widen the scope for the Mediterranean and a reference for the cruise companies to choose the homeports and make the routes for the itineraries. Keywords: Cruise shipping, port centrality, social network analysis, Mediterranean cruise shipping market, spatial network patterns, Hub and authority index.

Identification of radiation-responsive genes in human leukemic PEER cells using cDNA microarray : cDNA microarray를 이용한 사람 혈액암 림프구의 방사선 반응성 유전자 발굴 연구

전현정 Graduate School University of Incheon 2003 국내박사

방사선은 백혈병을 포함한 다양한 암 치료 목적으로 사용된다. 방사선 반응성 유전자들의 규명은 방사선 반응의 분자 메커니즘을 밝히는 것 뿐만 아니라 방사선 치료를 위한 목적으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나, 유전자 발현의 변화는 신호 전달 경로, 세포의 종류, 유전적인 배경에 따라 다르게 나타나므로 매우 복잡하다. CDNA microarray 를 사용한 스크리닝 방법은 많은 수의 유전자들을 유전자 발현 패턴들을 동시에 분석을 분석할 수 있어서 종양 세포들의 방사선 반응성 유전자들의 정밀한 분석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는, 방사선에 민감한 사람 혈액암 림프구의 PEER 세포의 방사선 반응성 유전자를 8,672(8K) 유전자들을 포함하는 cDNA microarray를 이용하여 분석하였다. 일반적인 방사선 치료에 사용되는 방사선량은 180 cGy - 300 cGy/day에 대략 24시판의 간격으로 조사되어지기 때문에, PEER세포들을 300 cGy를 조사한 후 24시간 동안의 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 분석결과 1) 방사선 조사 후 2시간에 일시적인 유전자들이 유도된 유전자군, 2) 6 시간에 유도된 유전자군, 3) 24 시간에 유도된 유전자군, 4) 방사선에 변화가 없는 유전자 군을 관찰, 보고하였다. 또한, 세 그룹의 유전자들(항산화 물질, 사이토카인과 열충격단백질)은 RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction)에 의해 확인 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 항산화 물질 유전자중 9개의 유전자를 테스트하여 7개의 유전자가 특이한 변화를 보였고, 사이토카인 유전자중 9개의 유전자를 테스트하여 3개의 특이한 변화를 보였으며, 열충격단백질 유전자중 13제의 유전자를 데스트하여 9개의 특이한 변화를 나타내었다. 더 나아가 방사선에 민감한 세포와 방사선에 저항성이 있는 세포의 방사선에 의한 유전자 발현을 비교하면 본 논문에서 사용한 연구방법은 더욱 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. Ionizing radiation (IR) has been used to treat the various human cancers including leukemias. Understanding the genetic programs is critical for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of IR response. The identification of IR-response genes could potentially provide information for basic research on radiation biology as well as novel targets for future experimental approaches in radiotherapy. However, transcriptional changes are extremely complex because of their dependency on interacting signal transduction pathways, cell type specific factors and the genetic background. Therefore, it is difficult to assess the response associated with a change in a single gene. The application of high-throughput screening using CDNA microarray can permit the analysis of gene expression patterns for large numbers of genes, and enables the dissection of molecular events in the radiation response of tumor cells. In this study, the CDNA microarray is used to identif the radiation-responsive genes. The radiation-sensitive human leukemic PEER cells were employed for the current study. The transcriptional responses of PEER cells were analyzed following exposure to IR using a CDNA microarray chip containing 8,672 (8K) genes. Since conventional radiotherapy is delivered at about 24 h Intervals at 180 to 300 cGy/day, the PEER cells were exposed to 300 cGy for 24 h-period. I observed and report on 1) a group of genes transiently induced early after IR at 2 h, 2) a group of genes induced after IR at 6 h, 3) a group of genes induced after IR at 24 h, and 4) a group of genes whose expression patters were not changed after IR. In addition, three groups of genes (antioxidant enzymes, cytokines and heat shock proteins) were analyzed further by RT-PCR. The results obtained from the current study revealed the specific changes of 7 antioxidant genes among 9 genes tested. The specific changes of 3 cytokine genes were identified in PEER cells among 9 genes tested. The specific changes of 9 heat shock protein genes were identified In PEER cells among 13 genes tested This type of approach should yield more useful information in the future when the expression profiles of the radiation-sensitive cells are compared with the radiation-resistant cells.

Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Multilayer Films for Energy Storage and Conversion

Ashis Kumar Sarker Incheon National University, Graduate School 2014 국내박사

Multilayer assemblies of uniform ultrathin film electrodes with good electrical conductivity and very large surface areas were prepared for use as electrochemical capacitors. A layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly approach was employed in an effort to improve the processability of highly conducting polyaniline (PANi) and chemically modified graphene. The electrochemical properties of the multilayer film (MF-) electrodes, including the sheet resistance, volumetric capacitance, and charge/discharge rate, were determined by the morphological modification and the method used to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in the multilayer films. The PANi and GO concentrations could be modulated to control the morphology of the GO monolayer film in the multilayer assemblies. Optical ellipsometry was used to determine the thickness of the GO film in a single layer (1.32 nm), which agreed well with the literature value (~1.3 nm). Hydroiodic acid (HI), hydrazine, or pyrolysis were tested for the reduction of GO to RGO. HI was found to be the most efficient technique for reducing the GO to RGO in the multilayer assemblies while minimizing damage to the virgin state of the acid-doped PANi. Ultimately, the MF-electrode, which could be optimized by fine-tuning the nanostructure and selecting a suitable reduction method, exhibited an excellent volumetric capacitance, good cycling stability, and a rapid charge/discharge rate, which are required for supercapacitors. A MF-electrode composed of 15 PANi/RGO bilayers yielded a volumetric capacitance of 584 F/cm3 at a current density of 3.0 A/cm3. Although this value decreased exponentially as the current density increased, approaching a value of 170 F/cm3 at 100 A/cm3, this volumetric capacitance is one of the best yet reported for the other carbon-based materials. The intriguing features of the MF-electrodes composed of PANi/RGO multilayer films offer a new microdimensional design for high energy storage devices for use in small portable electronic devices. We have described ultrathin film electrode composed of PANi and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) bilayers, which was achieved using LBL self-assembly method. The performance of the electrode composed of 30 PANi/ERGO bilayers denoted to PANi-ERGO30 was analyzed in a three-electrode cell using aqueous 1 M H2SO4 electrolytes. The electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 1563 F/cm3 (at a current density of 3.0 A/cm3), and achieved one of new record values among carbon-based devices including conducting polymers. This breakthrough was made possible by the development of a unique process that minimized the morphological damage to the thin film electrodes, and prepared optimal doping and oxidation state of PANi in the multilayer films for achieving excellent electronic conductivities and ionic transport. The LBL-assembly method provides a tool for preparing well-organized homogeneous PANi/ERGO composites. PANi/GO thin films were prepared on a flexible and transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate using LBL self-assembly technique. PANi/GO thin films were reduced by HI/H2O vapor treatment at 100 °C. Reduction of GO to RGO on the multilayer films were characterized by UV/visible, Raman and XPS spectrometry. Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves demonstrated high specific capacitance (529 F/cm3 at current density of 3 A/cm3) with 30 PANi/RGO bilayers thin film on PET substrate without any metal current collector. Predominant faradaic current was observed from cyclic voltammetry especially at low scan rate compared to ITO substrate. The electrical resistance of PANi/RGO thin films on PET showed a small increase up to a bend radius of 2.2 mm and able to recover after straightening. We demonstrated good potential of PANi/RGO thin films on PET for flexible and foldable conductors. The photoconductive properties of a uniform ultrathin multilayer film comprising alternating PANi and RGO layers, fabricated on a PET sheet were described. The assembly of the two electron-rich layer components on the temperatue-sensitive substrate was realized using a LBL deposition technique under mild conditions and HI/H2O vapor treatment at 100 °C. The PET sheets coated with (PANi/RGO)20 films exhibited a photocurrent of 80 µA and a photoresponsivity of 125 mA/W at an illumination intensity of 0.65 mW using NIR radiation (>600 nm). The establishment of a method for fabricating (PANi/RGO) films on a temperature-sensitive transparent flexible sheet is crucial for the development of organic-based portable electronic devices. The design and synthesis of an asymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine sensitizer modified with a catechol anchoring group is reported. The performance of this sensitizer was evaluated in a dye-sensitized solar cell. A strong interaction between the catechol dye and TiO2 (with the formation of a five-membered charge-transfer complex) was evidenced by a strong shift in the Q-band of the ZnPc-Cat from 680 nm in solution to 750 nm on TiO2, along with an appreciable absorption tail extending to ~1000 nm. The fabricated solar cell containing the phthalocyanine sensitizer showed relatively high light-to-electron conversion efficiency (η = 0.92%), considering that few catechol dyes exceed η = 0.7% in dye-sensitized solar cells. Values of Jsc = 2.53 mA/cm2 and Voc = 540 mV were obtained, referring to a standard N719 cell (η = 6.46%). A comparison of zinc phthalocyanine sensitizers bearing different anchoring groups affirmed the superiority of carboxylate groups relative to those bearing catechol groups in terms of cell performance.

On the option prices in Market model : 시장모델에서 옵션가격에 대한 연구

정유정 Graduate School of Incheon University 2004 국내박사

현재 Brownian 운동이라 불리우는 확률과정이 처음 수학적으로 표현된 것은 1900년에 제출된 Bachelier의 논문에서였다. 그는 주식 값의 변동 모델로서 이 과정을 적용하여, 옵션의 여러 가지 형태에 대한 이론적 가치를 개발하고 이러한 이론과 옵션의 실제 관찰된 시장가격을 비교하고자 했다. 그 후 많은 학자들이 옵션 가치의 수학적 이론에 대한 연구를 진행하였으며, 특히 Black과 Scholes는 다양한 payoff 함수에 대해 합리적인 옵션 가격이 유일하게 존재한다고 주장했다. 본 연구에서는 시장모델을 공식화하고 이산형 모델로서 이항모델을 다루었다. 또한 미지의 변수를 갖는 이산 시장 체계들에서 최적의 filtering algorithm으로 발전시켰다. 한편, 시간 t 에 재산 m을 재산 m+1로 변하는 exchange 옵션 X= ( S^(m)_(t)- S^(m+1)_(t))^(+) 의 옵션가격을 다루고, 이 옵션과 역 exchange 옵션의 관계를 찾는다.

A study on concentration pattern of port system in Southern Vietnam

완준협 Incheon National University, Graduate School of Lo 2018 국내석사

The shortage of research in Vietnam port evolvement is uncontroversial although a huge amount of investment is observed to upgrade both quantity and quality. This study examines the port system performance in Southern Vietnam for the period 2007-2016, in the context of a sub-factor, the strategic positioning analysis, by applying growth-share matrix and the main factor, concentration level, by using prevailing indicators for concentration assessment including concentration ratios (CR), the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), the Gini coefficient, the Lorenz curve and shift-share analysis (SSA). The outcome is a trend of deconcentration occurring in Southern Vietnam port system. Also, driving forces of this phenomenon would be discussed in detail. Implications from this study would enable not only port administrators, port operators but also shipping lines, cargo owners, logistics service providers to comprehensively understand the growth of the port system in Southern Vietnam.

A Meta-Analysis on the Self-Directed Learning and Self-Regulated Learning of Gifted Students

Zolzaya Bayarsaikhan Graduate School, Incheon National University 2023 국내박사

본 논문의 목적은 메타분석을 사용하여 영재학생의 자기주도학습능력과 자기조절학습능력의 차이에 대한 선행연구를 종합하여 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 Guglielmino(1977)가 개발한 자기주도학습능력 검사도구의 하위영역인 학습기회에 대한 개방성, 효율적인 학습자라는 자아개념, 학습의 솔선수범 및 독립, 학습에 대한 책임감, 학습에 대한 애정과 열정, 미래지향성, 창의성, 기본 학습 능력과 문제해결기술 등의 변인을 중심으로 분석했다. 김명기(2015)가 번안한 자기조절학습능력 검사도구의 하위요인을 기준으로하여 자기효능감, 내재적 가치, 시험불안, 목표지향성, 정교화, 시연, 점검, 노력주도, 시간과 공부조절, 학습행동주도 등 10가지 하위요인으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. 자료수집은 ‘영재’, ‘영재학생’, ‘자기주도학습능력’, ‘자기조절학습능력’, ‘메타분석’을 검색어로 2010년부터 2021년까지 국내·외에 출간된 석·박사 학위논문과 학술지에 게재된 논문들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 그 결과 자기조절학습능력과 관련한 국내에서 발표된 163편의 논문(저널 62편, 101편)의 연구를 분석하여 그 중 25편을 선정하였다. 또한 국내에서 게재된 자기주도학습능력에 관한 논문 255편(저널 82편, 논문 173편)에서 17편을 선정하였다. 2010년부터 2021년까지 두 요인의 하위영역과 관련된 국내·외에 논문 107편의 연구를 분석하였다. 해당 주제와 관련된 해외논문 1,572편(SDL 877, SRL 695)을 검색하여 445편의 연구논문(SDL 240, SRL 205; 저널 404편, 논문 41편)을 분석하여 24편의 논문을 선정했다. 최종적으로 국내·외에 논문 총 66편을 선정하였다. 본 논문은 CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, V3)를 활용하였고, 영재학생과 일반학생의 자기주도학습능력과 자기조절적 학습능력의 차이를 조사한 선행연구를 종합하는데 의의가 있다. 또한 이 연구는 용어, 사용법, 영재 학생과 비영재 학생 사이의 유사점과 차이점을 탐구합니다. 본 연구는 영재학생의 자기주도학습과 자기조절학습에 대한 탐구에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 이들의 개념적 특성을 살펴보고 메타분석을 통해 각 학습의 효과크기를 비교하였다. 영재학생의 자기주도학습능력과 자기조절학습능력의 대한 메타분석 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선정된 66편의 논문을 메타분석한 결과, I² 통계량은 (SDL 97.217%), (SRL 95.245%), 데이터들은 서로 이질한 것으로 확인되었다. 영재학생의 자기주도학습에 대한 랜덤 효과 분석으로 도출된 전체 효과크기 값은 .493 (CI 95% .368~.618, p<.001)로 나타났으며, 자기조절학습능력의 전체 평균 효과크기는 .495 (CI 95% .032~.432, p<.001)로 나타났다. 둘째, 영재학생의 자기주도학습능력의 '하위요인'에 따른 평균 효과크기는 -.118~.757, p<.001)로 나타났으며, 자기조절학습능력은 -.107~.639. p<.001)로 나타났다. 영재학생의 자기주도적 학습능력의 '영재 영역'에 따른 전체 평균 효과크기는 .629 (CI 95% .024~.582, p<.001)로 나왔으며, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 .531 (CI 95% .476~.586, p<.001)로 나타났다. 셋째, 영재학생의 자기주도학습능력의 '수업 형태'에 따른 전체 평균 효과크기는 .356 (CI 95% .249~.463, p<.001)로, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 .525 (CI 95% .468~.582, p<.001)로 나왔다. 자기주도학습의 '학교등급'에 따른 효과크기는 .167 (CI 95.150~.185, p<.001)로, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 .362 (CI 95% .324~.400, p<.001)로 나타났다. 결과적으로 초등학생이 고등학생들보다 평균 효과크기가 상대적으로 높았다. 영재학생의 자기주도학습능력의 ‘성별'에 따른 전체 평균 효과크기는 .166 (CI 95% .149~.184, p<.001)로, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 .490 (CI 95% .427~.553, p<.001)로 나타났다. 자기주도학습능력의 '국가'에 따른 전체 평균 효과크기는 .278 (CI 95% .226~.329, p<.001)로, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 258 (CI 95% .229~.286, p<.001)로 나왔다. 자기주도학습능력의 '출판유형'에 따른 전체 평균 효과크기는 .442 (CI 95% .339~.544, p<.001)로, 자기조절학습능력의 경우 .363 (CI 95% .328 ~.398, p<.001)로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 결과는 영재학생들은 일반학생들에 비해 자기주도학습능력과 자기조절학습능력의 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있고, 현재 코로나19 상황에서 영재교육대상자들의 특징으로 보이는 자기주도학습과 자기조절학습 하위요인 및 연령과 수업형태, 학교등급, 국가 등에 따른 차이를 바탕으로 영재교사와 영재교육기관들을 위한 교육적 시사점을 모색하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 향후 영재학생과 일반학생을 통해 한국영재학생 및 기타 외국영재학생의 효과적인 학습상황의 방향을 명확히 제시 하는데 있다. 본 연구가 영재학생들의 자기주도학습과 자기조절학습능력의 특성을 이해하고 그들의 역량을 최대한 발휘할 수 있도록 영재 발견및 판별 교육 분야의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 바라며, 이 연구가 영재의 자기주도적, 자기조절적 학습을 이해하고 보다 효과적으로 자신의 역량을 발휘할 수 있도록 교육의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다. The study aims to synthesize research that examines self-directed learning (SDL) and self-regulated learning (SRL) of gifted students. Both comparison research and relationship research are investigated. The self-directed learning ability test tool was developed by Guglielmino (1977). There are eight sub-factors of self-directed learning: openness to learning opportunities, the self-concept of an efficient learner, a leading example and independence in learning, responsibility for learning, learning affection and passion, future orientation, creativity, basic learning ability, and problem-solving. There are ten sub-factors of the self-regulated learning ability test tool adopted by Kim, M. K (2015): self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, test anxiety, goal orientation, elaboration, demonstration, monitoring, time management and study control, effort leadership, learning behavior leadership. This study analyzes and summarizes the results of scientific research on this topic written in Korean and English during the last decade. CMA (comprehensive meta-analysis 3.0) was used to code and analyze the included studies. The analysis was conducted using either sample-based or variable-based methods. This study is meaningful in synthesizing previous studies that investigated differences in self-directed and self-regulated learning abilities of gifted and general students. Furthermore, the study explores the similarities and differences between the terms, their usage, and gifted and non-gifted students. It focuses on exploring gifted students' self-directed learning and self-regulated learning. This study examines the conceptual characteristics of each and compares their effect size through meta-analysis. Data were collected from 2010 to 2021 with the keywords ‘gifted,’ 'gifted students', 'self-directed learning', self-regulated learning,' and ‘meta-analysis, which were published in domestic and foreign papers, and papers published in academic journals. This study finally focused on 66 pieces of research. Research in 163 papers (62 journals, 101 papers) published in Korea related to SRL from 2010 to 2021 was analyzed, and from them, 25 of these were selected. Additionally, research in 255 SDL papers published in Korea (82 journals, 173 papers) was analyzed, and 17 of these were selected. Research in 107 papers and journals published in Korea and other countries related to sub-factors of SDL and SRL from 2010 to 2021 was analyzed. 1,572 foreign papers (SDL 877, SRL 695) published between 2010 to 2021 related to the topic were found, and 445 pieces of research (SDL 240, SRL 205, from 404 journals, 41 papers) were analyzed and from these, 24 papers were selected and meta-analyzed. First, meta-analysis of the 66 papers showed that the I² statistics were (SDL 97.217%), (SRL 95.245%), and the data heterogeneous. The total effect size value arising from a random effect analysis on the self-directed-learning of gifted students was .493 (CI 95% .368~.618, p<.001), and the overall mean effect size of self-regulated learning ability was .495 (CI 95% .032~.432, p<.001). Second, the average effect size was -.118~.757, (p<.001) according to the sub- factors of self-directed learning ability of gifted students, and self-regulated learning ability was -.107~.639, (p<.001). Third, in the gifted domain of self-directed learning ability of gifted students, the overall average effect size was .629 (CI 95% .024~.582, p<.001), and the overall average effect size of self-regulated learning ability was 531 (CI 95% .476~.586, p<.001). Depending on the class type of self-directed learning ability of gifted students, the overall average effect size was .356 (CI 95% .249~.463, p<.001), and the overall average effect size of self-regulated learning ability was .525 (CI 95% .468~.582, p<.001). Depending on the gender of self-directed learning ability, the overall average effect size was .166 (CI 95% .149~.184, p<.001), and self-regulated learning ability was .490 (CI 95% .427~.553, p<.001). According to the country of self-directed learning ability, the overall average effect size was .278 (CI 95% .226~.329, p<.001), and self-directed learning ability were .258 (CI 95% .229~.286, p<.001). Depending on the school level of self-directed learning ability, the overall average effect size came out as .167 (CI 95% .150~.185, p<.001), and self-regulated learning ability was .362 (CI 95% .324~.400, p<.001). According to the publication type of self-directed learning ability, the overall average effect size was .442 (CI 95% .339~.544, p<.001), and self-regulated learning ability was .363 (CI 95% .328~.398, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that more effective identification methods and education programs for gifted students are needed. The current study concludes with recommendations for future research in gifted education. It is hoped that this study will be used as primary data for the discovery, discrimination, and education of gifted students so that they can understand their self-directed and self-regulated learning and demonstrate their capabilities more effectively. The significance of this study is to clarify the direction of the effective learning situation of gifted Korean and other foreign gifted students through gifted and general students in a future post-Corona situation.

Network Structure Analysis of a Sub-hub-Oriented Port : Focuing on Gwangyang Port

Song ShiCheng Incheon National University, Graduate School of Lo 2019 국내석사

The Port of Gwangyang was built with the aim of reducing congestion at the Port of Busan by acting as sub-hub port. Many studies have discussed the new port construction and dual-hub port system to solve the increasing demand and port congestion problems; however, there is not much research discussing the sub-hub port system. As such, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the liner shipping network structure of the sub-hub-oriented Port of Gwangyang using social network analysis (SNA). In terms of number of connections among ports, using in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality, Busan is the most important port in Gwangyang’s network. However, when it comes to considering the influence of ports using hub centrality, Busan drops to the fifth most influential position. In the network of the Port of Gwangyang, Shanghai and Hong Kong have more important roles compared to those of the Port of Busan. In terms of the number of connections among the ports, using in-degree and out-degree centrality, the Port of Busan was identified as the most important port in Gwangyang’s network; however, when it comes to considering the influence of ports using hub centrality, Busan plunges to the fifth most influential position. Shanghai’s hub role was constructed on its broader connections with other hub ports. Also as the largest container port in the world, Shanghai port is not only the center of Northeast Asia, but also a significant port connecting with Southeast Asia. Many of Gwangyang port’s distributing was realized through Shanghai port. Especially those cargos aimed to be distributed to mainland China. Besides, Shanghai port’s closer relationships with mainland China ports earned extra credits. Because Gwangyang port’s main distribution regions are China, Japan and Southeast Asia, these ports which had more connections with these areas would be lifted up in hub authority rank. Hong Kong port is a hub port which connecting both mainland China ports like Shenzhen and Guangzhou and Southeast Asia ports like Ho Chi Minh and Singapore. The transshipment role of Hong Kong and its value added services has made it a powerful and influential port. Ningbo port is located near Shanghai port. It faced high competition from Shanghai port. But still, Ningbo port has become a very important port in Asia as well as in China. A few important ports concentrated a large number of links which they all shared high degree centrality, hub centrality and authority centrality while most ports were only connected to rather than reaching out. These important ports mainly including Busan, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, Singapore, Ho Chi Minh and Port Klang. Also these hub ports were having a dominating role in its regional areas. For examples, Busan port dominated the Korea-Japan areas, and Jebel Ali dominated the Middle East areas.