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Women and Water Issues in Gujarat, India
Upadhyay, Bhawana 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2004 Asian Women Vol.19 No.-
The majority of villages of Gujarat, India, are in water stress conditions and conflicts over water are common. In reference to the strategic and practical gender needs, this paper delineates women's issues in water management. Based on empirical work done in 2003 in villages of Gujarat, the paper highlights women's roles as domestic water managers. It also discusses the institutional issues vis-a-vis women's involvement in water management. Participatory appraisal techniques encompassing survey of respondents, participant observation and focus group discussion were used to generate primary data. The findings suggest that rural women are the ones to suffer from the ever-increasing scarcity of water in rural areas, since providing domestic water is their domain. Access to water in rural areas is dominated by gender inequality on top of caste and class based discrimination. Importance of institutional assistance in enhancing women's status and reducing their drudgery is also exhibited in the paper. The paper recommends that women's productive and domestic uses of water be well acknowledged. Rural water allocation policy regimes should ensure equitable access to adequate water to all users. In order to allow both men and women to have their say and stake in water resource management, appropriate institutional and policy environment is needed.
Kumkum Gupta,Bhawana Rastogi,Prashant K Gupta,Ivesh Singh,Vijendra Pal Singh,Manish Jain 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.6
Background: Modified radical mastectomy is associated with appreciable blood loss, while endotracheal intubation leads to elevated hemodynamic responses. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion as an anesthetic adjuvant to general anesthesia during modified radical mastectomy with I-Gel. Methods: Sixty adult consenting female patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 to 2 and aged 4,065 years, were blindly randomized into two groups of 30 patients each. The patients in Group I received intravenous dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 1 μg/kg over 10 min, followed by maintenance infusion of 0.4 to 0.7 μg/kg/h, while patients in Group II were administered an identical amount of saline infusion until 15 min prior to the end of surgery. The primary end point was bleeding at the surgical field and hemodynamic changes; requirement of isoflurane, intraoperative fentanyl consumption and recovery time were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: The patients receiving dexmedetomidine infusion showed significantly less bleeding at the surgical field (P < 0.05). A statistically significant reduction was also observed in the percentage of isoflurane required (0.82 ± 0.80%) to maintain the systolic blood pressure between 100 and 110 mmHg in patients receiving dexmedetomidine infusion compared with the Group II (1.50 ± 0.90%). The mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption in patients in the Group I was also significantly lower compared with that of the Group II (38.43 ± 5.40 μg vs. 75.12 ± 4.60 μg). The mean recovery time from anesthesia did not show any clinically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine infusion can be used safely to decrease the bleeding at the surgical field with smooth recovery from anesthesia.
Lysosomal Storage Disorders in India: A Mini Review
Gupta, Neerja,Aggarwal, Bhawana,Kabra, Madhulika Association for Research of MPS and Rare Diseases 2018 Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare disease Vol.4 No.1
Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders with protean manifestations and variable severity ranging from attenuated forms to severe ones. It is necessary to diagnose and manage these disorders timely before irreversible damage occurs. Prior to the era of enzyme replacement therapy and newer therapeutics, only treatment option available was palliative care. Over the past two decades, extensive research in the lysosomal storage disorders has led to substantial expansion of our understanding about them. This mini review focusses on the spectrum, challenges faced in the diagnosis and therapy and remedial actions taken so far in lysosomal storage disorders in resource constrained country like India.
Choi Yunhee,Pandey Bhawana,Li Xiao‐Xi,Lee Yong‐Min,Cho Kyung‐Bin,Nam Wonwoo 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.11
Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the Lewis acid (Sc3+) effects on the reactivity of ultrahigh-valent chromium-oxo species toward both C H bond activation and sulfoxidation reactions. Calculations confirm that the oxidizing power of chromium-oxo species is enhanced by binding Sc3+ ion. In sulfoxidation reactions, especially, binding Sc3+ ion enhances the redox potential of the chromium-oxo species, whereby the activation barrier is decreased dramatically. The details of the reactions obtained by theory are disclosed in this work.
Rihana Khan,Sumair Faisal Ahmed,Muhammad Khalid,Bhawana Joshi 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.2
Enhancement in performance of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 ) based thin film solar cell has been proposed using SCAPS-1D simulation program. The proposed cell structure Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) included CdS as buffer layer, CZTS as absorber layer, and n-doped ZnO as window layer. On these layers, the open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fi ll factor (FF), conversion effi ciency (η), and quantum effi ciency (QE) have been examined at the effect of temperature (280–400 K), thickness (500–4000 nm) series (1 Ω cm 2 ) and shunt (1000 Ω cm 2 ) resistances. The performance of proposed cell has been improved in terms of QE, Jsc, Voc, η, and QE with respect to the standard Mo/Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 /CdS/ZnO solar cell. However, by optimizing, we have successfully achieved the enhancement in efficiency of 19.64%, while Jsc, Voc, and FF are 24.22 mA cm −2 , 0.9489 V, and 86.13% were observed, respectively.