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Organoids as host models for infection biology – a review of methods
Aguilar Carmen,Alves da Silva Marta,Saraiva Margarida,Neyazi Mastura,Olsson I. Anna S.,Bartfeld Sina 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the infection process is urgently needed. Over the last century, the development of in vitro and in vivo models has led to remarkable contributions to the current knowledge in the field of infection biology. However, applying recent advances in organoid culture technology to research infectious diseases is now taking the field to a higher level of complexity. Here, we describe the current methods available for the study of infectious diseases using organoid cultures.
Stange, Daniel E.,Koo, B.K.,Huch, M.,Sibbel, G.,Basak, O.,Lyubimova, A.,Kujala, P.,Bartfeld, S.,Koster, J.,Geahlen, Jessica H.,Peters, Peter J.,van Es, Johan H.,van de Wetering, M.,Mills, Jason C.,Cle Cell Press ; MIT Press 2013 Cell Vol.155 No.2
Proliferation of the self-renewing epithelium of the gastric corpus occurs almost exclusively in the isthmus of the glands, from where cells migrate bidirectionally toward pit and base. The isthmus is therefore generally viewed as the stem cell zone. We find that the stem cell marker Troy is expressed at the gland base by a small subpopulation of fully differentiated chief cells. By lineage tracing with a Troy-eGFP-ires-CreERT2 allele, single marked chief cells are shown to generate entirely labeled gastric units over periods of months. This phenomenon accelerates upon tissue damage. Troy<SUP>+</SUP> chief cells can be cultured to generate long-lived gastric organoids. Troy marks a specific subset of chief cells that display plasticity in that they are capable of replenishing entire gastric units, essentially serving as quiescent ''reserve'' stem cells. These observations challenge the notion that stem cell hierarchies represent a ''one-way street.''