http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Banwell, B (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
Exploring the Use of Exercise as Punishment in Sport
Gretchen Kerr,Ashley Stirling,Ellen MacPherson,Jenessa Banwell,Ahad Bandealy,Cassidy Preston 한국코칭능력개발원 2016 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.10 No.2
This exploratory study sought to examine the use of exercise as punishment in sport. Despite the existence of numerous policies that condone the use of exercise as punishment in sport and physical education settings, anecdotal evidence suggests it continues to be used as a coaching and teaching practice. To-date, very few studies have studied this phenomenon empirically. The purpose of this exploratory study therefore was to examine athletes’ experiences of the use of exercise as punishment, with a focus on the occurrence, types, precipitants, and perceived consequences of this practice. In the first phase of the study, 12 university-level football players were interviewed about their experiences of exercise as punishment. The findings from phase one, along with existing literature, were used to inform phase two of the study which involved the development and administration of a survey to undergraduate students in a kinesiology/physical education program (n=335) who had experiences in competitive sport. Taken together, the findings indicated that experiences of exercise as punishment are common, are typically administered by the head coach in public training settings as a result of poor athletic performance and behavioural infractions, and are reportedly associated with negative consequences for the athletes. The findings are interpreted to suggest that the coaching practice of administering exercise as punishment is a commonly accepted method of addressing undesirable performances and behaviours. As this study is exploratory in nature, numerous questions for future research remain including further study of coaches’ and athletes’ perspectives on the use of exercise as punishment, and contextual influences that enable the use of these practices. Implications for practice include education for coaches regarding alternative disciplinary strategies.
-
Neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: Seeing differences through optical coherence tomography
Bennett, JL,de Seze, J,Lana-Peixoto, M,Palace, J,Waldman, A,Schippling, S,Tenembaum, S,Banwell, B,Greenberg, B,Levy, M,Fujihara, K,Chan, KH,Kim, HJ,Asgari, N,Sato, DK,Saiz, A,Wuerfel, J,Zimmermann, H SAGE Publications 2015 Multiple sclerosis journal: clinical and laborator Vol.21 No.6
<P>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that preferentially targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. The clinical presentation may suggest multiple sclerosis (MS), but a highly specific serum autoantibody against the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 present in up to 80% of NMO patients enables distinction from MS. Optic neuritis may occur in either condition resulting in neuro-anatomical retinal changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a useful tool for analyzing retinal damage both in MS and NMO. Numerous studies showed that optic neuritis in NMO typically results in more severe retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer thinning and more frequent development of microcystic macular edema than in MS. Furthermore, while patients’ RNFL thinning also occurs in the absence of optic neuritis in MS, subclinical damage seems to be rare in NMO. Thus, OCT might be useful in differentiating NMO from MS and serve as an outcome parameter in clinical studies.</P>
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
