Acute Intestinal Ischemia in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection

( Balraj Singh ),( Ashesha Mechineni ),( Parminder Kaur ),( Nora Ajdir ),( Michael Maroules ),( Fayez Shamoon ),( Mahesh Bikkina ) 대한소화기학회 2020 대한소화기학회지 Vol.76 No.3

The World Health Organization has declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global public health emergency. Although respiratory symptoms predominate in COVID-19, thrombosis can occur in patients with COVID-19. This paper reports a case of an 82-year-old female with a prior medical history of hypertension, diabetes presenting with fever and cough, and was diagnosed with COVID-19. The patient subsequently developed progressively worsening of abdominal distention, tenderness, and underwent emergent laparotomy. She was found to have a gangrenous colon. This case adds to the limited literature regarding the extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2020;76:164-166)

Electrochemical degradation of scarlet red dye from aqueous environment by titanium-based dimensionally stable anodes with SS electrodes

Gomathi, E.,Balraj, B.,Kumaraguru, K. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

Textile effluents are toxic and carcinogenic materials that exist in the aquatic environment. In this study, the degradation efficiency of commercially available scarlet red dye investigated on TSA-SS Electro Fenton process (EFP) was reported. It is of great interest in the field of environmental engineering to remove dyes from aquatic environment. The influence of operating parameters such as pH (2-9), current density ($0.1-0.5mA/cm^2$), concentration of dye (0.1-0.5 g/L), $H_2O_2$ (0.1-0.5 g/L) concentration and $Fe^{2+}$ concentration (0.01-0.03 g/L) were analyzed by batch system. The optimum degradation conditions were determined as pH-3, current density-$0.4mA/cm^2$, concentration of dye-0.4 g/L, $H_2O_2$ concentration-0.5 g/L and $Fe^{2+}$ concentration-0.025 g/L. These results indicated that the degradation efficiency of scarlet red dye by EFP depends on solution pH and Fenton reagent concentration and a low pH value was favorable for the dye degradation. It has been demonstrated that more than 94% dye removal was obtained at 50 min. Electro Fenton process was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry technologies.

Electrochemical degradation of scarlet red dye from aqueous environment by titanium-based dimensionally stable anodes with SS electrodes

E. Gomathi,B. Balraj,K. Kumaraguru 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

Textile effluents are toxic and carcinogenic materials that exist in the aquatic environment. In this study, the degradation efficiency of commercially available scarlet red dye investigated on TSA-SS Electro Fenton process (EFP) was reported. It is of great interest in the field of environmental engineering to remove dyes from aquatic environment. The influence of operating parameters such as pH (2–9), current density (0.1–0.5 mA/cm2), concentration of dye (0.1–0.5 g/L), H2O2 (0.1–0.5 g/L) concentration and Fe2? concentration (0.01–0.03 g/L) were analyzed by batch system. The optimum degradation conditions were determined as pH—3, current density— 0.4 mA/cm2, concentration of dye—0.4 g/L, H2O2 concentration— 0.5 g/L and Fe2? concentration—0.025 g/L. These results indicated that the degradation efficiency of scarlet red dye by EFP depends on solution pH and Fenton reagent concentration and a low pH value was favorable for the dye degradation. It has been demonstrated that more than 94% dye removal was obtained at 50 min. Electro Fenton process was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry technologies.

Rapid injuries of high temperature in plants

Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Balraj Kaur,Bavita Asthir,Shashi Bala,Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Muhammad Farooq 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.4

Global climate changes particularly high temperature is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth and development, that might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity. High temperature has a wide range of effect on plant in terms of plant physiological, biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration water relations, and gene regulatory pathways. The injury inflicted on plant tissues under such extremes weakens the cell membrane, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that attacks major sites i.e photosynthetic apparatus, the photosystems, mainly photosystem II (PSII) and the respiratory pathways. To cope with rising temperature conditions, plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms. In addition to major tolerance mechanisms, plants also employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants and many other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control that are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. This article reviews the recent findings on high temperature induced injuries and responses at the cellular, organellar and whole plant levels.

Caudate lobe abscess: Challenging site with less invasive option of treatment: A case series

Farah Najla SUPANDI,Balraj SINGH,Rizal ROSLAN,Izazul HUSIN,Tiong See LEE 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-

Pancreatic angiosarcoma: A case report

Farah Najla SUPANDI,Balraj SINGH,Haritharan THAMUTARAM,Kin Foong LIM,Ahmad Ramzi YUSOFF 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-

Convergence of Pathways Towards Ascorbate–Glutathione for Stress Mitigation

Bavita Asthir,Gurpreet Kaur,Balraj Kaur 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.4

In plants, exposure to temperature extremes, heavy metal-contaminated soils, drought, air pollutants, and pathogens results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that alter the intracellular redox environment, which in turn influences signaling pathways and cell fate. As part of their response to these stresses, plants produce ascorbate and glutathione. Since ascorbate is an essential metabolite implicated in vital cell functions, it is surprising that the pathway of ascorbate synthesis in plants remains to be fully established which involve various intermediates, namely GDP-mannose, GDP-L-galactose, L-galactose, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone. On the other hand, glutathione acts as an antioxidant by quenching ROS and is involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle that eliminates damaging peroxides. Two enzymes catalyze glutathione synthesis: glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase. Here, we explore the biosynthesis/functions of ascorbate and glutathione not only in relation to stress conditions, but also in the wider contexts of plant development and environmental responses.

Comparative Evaluation of Infiltration Models

Alireza Sepah Vand,Parveen Sihag,Balraj Singh,Mehran Zand 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.10

Infiltration models are very helpful in designing and evaluating surface irrigation systems. The main purpose of this study is to compare infiltration models which are used to evaluate infiltration rates of Davood Rashid, Kelat and Honam in Iran. Field infiltration tests were carried out at sixteen different locations comprising of 155 observations by use of double ring infiltrometer. The potential of four conventional infiltration models (Kostiakov, Modified Kostiakov, Novel and Philip’s models) were evaluated by least–square fitting to observed infiltration data. Three statistical comparison criteria including coefficient of correlation (C.C), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to determine the best performing infiltration models. The novel infiltration model suggests improved performance out of other three models. Further a Multi-linear Regression (MLR) equation has been developed using field infiltration data and compare with Support Vector Machine and Gaussian Process based regression with two kernels (Pearson VII and radial basis) modeling. Results suggest that Pearson VII based SVM works well than other modeling approaches in estimating the infiltration rate of soils. Sensitivity analysis concludes that the parameter, time, plays the most significant role in the estimation of infiltration rate. Comparison of results suggests that there is no significant difference between conventional and soft-computing based infiltration models.

Reverse Search Strategy Based Optimization Technique to Economic Dispatch Problems with Multiple Fuels

Prakash Arumugam,Madhavan Panchapakesan,Sudhakar Balraj,Ravichandran Coimbatore Subramanian 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.2

This research article constitutes an effi cient way to extract the minimum fuel cost for the economic dispatch problem considering multiple fuel options along with valve point eff ects. In general one convex cost function for one generator is assumed. The piecewise quadratic cost function is represented by selecting the convex cost function more than one for a generator. A new approach referred as Power Search Algorithm (PSA) based on reverse search strategy is suggested along with various constraints in ED. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on a ten unit multi-fuel system for various power demands with diff erent fuel input options. The outcomes acquired from the simulation are of good quality and furthermore it reveals that the proposed algorithm performs superior than the various algorithms discussed.

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

( Rajan Singh ),( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Asha Misra ),( Balraj Mittal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.3

Background/Aims: Achalasia is known to result from degeneration of inhibitory neurons, which are mostly nitrinergic. Characteristic features of achalasia include incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and esophageal aperistalsis. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by NO synthase (NOS), plays an important role in peristalsis and LES relaxation. Therefore, we evaluated genetic polymorphisms of NOS gene isoforms (endothelial NOS [eNOS], inducible NOS [iNOS], and neuronal NOS [nNOS]) in patients with achalasia and healthy subjects (HS). Methods: Consecutive patients with achalasia (diagnosed using esophageal manometry) and HS were genotyped for 27-base pair (bp) eNOS variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), iNOS22G/A (rs1060826), nNOS C/T (rs2682826) polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), respectively. Results: Among 183 patients (118 [64.5%] male, age 39.5 ± 13.0 years) with achalasia and 366 HS (254 [69.4%] male, age 40.8 ± 11.0 years), eNOS4a4a genotype of 27-bp VNTR was more common among achalasia than HS (20 [10.9%] vs 13 [3.6%]; P < 0.001; OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.8-7.7). Patients with achalasia had iNOS22GA genotypes more often than HS (95 [51.9%] vs 93 [25.4%]; P < 0.001; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.1-4.4). Frequency of genotypes GA + AA was higher in patients than HS (97 [53%] vs 107 [29.2%]; P < 0.001; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.8-3.9). Also, nNOS29TT variant genotype in rs2682826 was more com - mon among patients compared to HS (14 [7.7%] vs 6 [1.6%]; P < 0.001; OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.2-15.8). Conclusions: Achalasia is associated with eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT genotypes. This may suggest that polymorphisms of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS genes are risk factors for achalasia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:380-389)