Combining Fructooligosaccharide and Dried Plum Has the Greatest Effect on Restoring Bone Mineral Density Among Select Functional Foods and Bioactive Compounds

Bahram H. Arjmandi,Catherine D. Johnson,Sara C. Campbell,Shirin Hooshmand,Sheau C. Chai,Mohammed P. Akhter 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2

Functional foods and/or their bioactive compounds playing a role in improving skeletal health have received considerable attention. The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which certain functional foods as (1) whole, e.g., dried plum (DP), figs, dates, raisin, and blueberry, (2) fractionated, e.g., DP puree, DP juice, and DP pulp/skin, or (3) isolated, e.g., DP polyphenols, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, forms reverse bone loss in an ovariectomized (Ovx) rat model of osteoporosis. Additionally, some of these components were tested in reversal of bone loss in combination. For this purpose, 180 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 15 groups (n=12) and either Ovx (14 groups) or sham-operated (Sham, one group). Rats were maintained on a semipurified standard diet for 45 days after surgery to establish bone loss. Thereafter, rats were placed on one of the following dietary treatments for 60 days: casein-based diet (Sham and Ovx). The remaining 13 Ovx groups were placed on various treatment diets. Results showed that diets supplemented with 5% FOS+7.5% DP was most effective in reversing both right femur and fourth lumbar bone mineral density and fourth lumbar calcium loss while significantly decreasing trabecular separation. There were no significant effects of treatment on serum or urine measures of bone turnover. Although other treatments were good at altering some bone parameters, none had the success in altering several bone health indicators as the diets supplemented with 5% FOS+7.5% DP. The findings of this study suggest the combination of 5% FOS+7.5% DP is capable of reversing Ovx-induced bone loss.

Nutrigenomic Approaches for the Promotion of Bone and Joint Health

Bahram H. Arjmandi 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

Effect of Vitamin E on Lipid Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

Bahram H. Arjmandi,Edralin A. Lucas,Tai-Yuan Chen,Sheau C. Chai,Latha Devareddy,Shanil Juma,Cheng-I Wei,Yamini B. Tripathi,Bruce P. Daggy,Deng-Fwu Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.1

The risk of cardiovascular disease drastically increases at the onset of menopause, in part, because of rise inblood cholesterol and unfavorable changes in lipid profile. This study was designed to investigate the dose-dependent effectsof vitamin E supplementation on lipid parameters in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Sixty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawleyrats were either sham-operated (sham; one group) or ovx (four groups). All rats were maintained on a semipurified casein-based diet (AIN-93M; 75 IU vitamin E/kg of diet) for a period of 120 days. Thereafter, ovx rats were placed on one of fourdoses of vitamin E treatment (75, 300, 525, or 750 IU vitamin E/kg of diet), while the sham group was continued on 75 IUvitamin E/kg of diet for 100 days. Ovariectomy tended to increase (by 24%, P. 0.1) serum nonhigh-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and decrease (by 14%, P. 0.1) HDL cholesterol. Vitamin E did not have any significant effects on serumlipid parameters. Liver total lipids were notably increased (P. .001) in ovx animals, and supplementation with vitamin E at525 IU/kg of diet was able to significantly reduce liver total lipids by 13%. Additionally, ovariectomy caused an increase inserum glucose and liver C18:1fatty acid concentrations along with decreases in C18:0, C20:4, and C22:6fatty acid concentra-tions. These alterations on liver fatty acid profiles were unaffected by vitamin E. The findings of this study suggest that vit-amin E supplementation moderately improves lipid parameters in ovarian hormone-deficient rats.

A Combination of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Acacia Catechu Extracts for Short-Term Symptomatic Relief of Joint Discomfort Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Bahram H. Arjmandi,Lauren T. Ormsbee,Marcus L. Elam,Sara C. Campbell,Nader Rahnama,Mark E. Payton,Ken Brummel-Smith,Bruce P. Daggy 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.6

The extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu have been shown in previous studies to alleviate joint discomfort, reduce stiffness, and improve mobility by reducing the production of proinflammatory molecules over long periods of supplementation. The acute effects of intake of these extracts have not yet been investigated. Thus, we carried out a 1 week clinical trial to examine the extent to which UP446—a natural proprietary blend of S. baicalensis and A. catechu (UP446)—decreases knee joint pain, mobility, and biomarkers of inflammation in comparison to naproxen. Seventy-nine men and women (40–90 years old) diagnosed as having mild to moderate osteoarthritis (OA) consumed either 500 mg/day of the UP446 supplement or 440mg/day of naproxen for 1 week in a double-blind randomized control trial. Pain, knee range of motion (ROM), and overall physical activity were evaluated at the start and at the end of treatment. Fasting blood was collected to determine serum interleukins 1b and 6, tumor necrosis factor-a, C-reactive protein, and hyaluronic acid. The UP446 group experienced a significant decrease in perceived pain (P = .009) time dependently. Stiffness was significantly reduced by both treatments (P= .002 UP446, P = .008 naproxen). Significant increases in mean ROM over time (P = .04) were found in the UP446 group. These findings suggest that UP446 is effective in reducing the physical symptoms associated with knee OA.

Combination of Genistin and Fructooligosaccharides Prevents Bone Loss in Ovarian Hormone Deficiency

Shirin Hooshmand,Shanil Juma,Bahram H. Arjmandi 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2

We have reported that soy isoflavones are capable of preventing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in rats due to ovariectomy. The intestinal microflora is important in rendering soy isoflavones bioavailability by facilitating their conversion to equol. Hence, substances that can modulate the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability of isoflavones. The purpose of this study was to examine whether combination of genistin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic, can enhance the effects of soy isoflavones on bone in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Forty-eight 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; one group) or Ovx (three groups) and were placed on dietary treatment for 50 days. The Sham and one Ovx group received a control diet, and the remaining Ovx groups received genistin-rich isoflavones diet (Ovx+G) or genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS diet (Ovx+G+FOS). After 50 days, blood and bone specimens were collected for analysis. The genistin-rich isoflavones diet was able to significantly increase the whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD by 1.6%, 1.48%, and 1.3%, respectively in comparison with the Ovx control. The combination of genistin-rich isoflavones diet and 5% FOS further increased whole-body, right femur, and fourth lumbar BMD more compared to the genistin-rich isoflavones diet. Our findings suggest that although a genistin-rich isoflavones diet can increase the BMD in rats with Ovx-induced bone loss, combination of genistin-rich isoflavones and FOS had greater effect in preventing bone loss in this rat model.

Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Did Not Enhance High Intensity Resistance Training-Induced Improvements in Myofiber Dimensions and Myogenic Capacity in Aged Female Rats

김정수,박영민,이상록,Ihssan S. Masad,Andy V. Khamoui,Edward Jo,박봉섭,Bahram H. Arjmandi,Lynn B. Panton,이원준,Samuel C. Grant 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.34 No.5

Older women exhibit blunted skeletal muscle hypertro-phy following resistance training (RT) compared to other age and gender cohorts that is partially due to an impaired regenerative capacity. In the present study, we examined whether -hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB) provision to aged female rodents would enhance regenerative mechanisms and facilitate RT-induced myofiber growth. Nineteen-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: HMB (0.48 g/kg/d; n = 6), non-HMB (n = 6), and control (n = 4). HMB and non-HMB groups underwent RT every third day for 10 weeks using a ladder climbing apparatus. Whole body strength, grip strength, and body composition was evaluated before and after RT. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to determine myofiber dimensions, transcript expression, and satellite cells/myonuclei, respectively. ANOVAs were used with sig-nificance set at p < 0.05. There were significant time effects (pre vs. post) for whole body strength (+262%), grip strength (+17%), lean mass (+20%), and fat mass (-19%). Both RT groups exhibited significant increases in the mean myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in the gas-trocnemius and soleus (+8-22%) compared to control. Moreover, both groups demonstrated significant increases in the numbers of satellite cells (+100-108%) and myonuclei (+32%) in the soleus but not the gastrocnemius. A significant IGF-I mRNA elevation was only observed in soleus of the HMB group (+33%) whereas MGF and myogenin increased significantly in both groups (+32-40%). Our findings suggest that HMB did not further enhance intense RT-mediated myogenic mechanisms and myofiber CSA in aged female rats.

Flaxseed but Not Flaxseed Oil Prevented the Rise in Serum Cholesterol Due to Ovariectomy in the Golden Syrian Hamsters

Edralin A. Lucas,Sachin S. Mahajan,Do Y. Soung,Stanley A. Lightfoot,Brenda J. Smith,Bahram H. Arjmandi 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.3

This study was designed to investigate whether flaxseed oil (FO) exerts hypocholesterolemic effects similar to ground whole flaxseed (WF) and to gain insight into its hypocholesterolemic mechanism. Forty-eight 6-month-old female Golden Syrian hamsters were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx) and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n = 12/group) for 90 days: Sham, Ovx, Ovx+WF, or Ovx+FO. Hamsters in the Sham and Ovx groups were fed a semipurified diet (control), whereas Ovx+WF and Ovx+FO received the same basic diet supplemented with either WF (15% wt/wt) or FO (amount equivalent to the oil contribution of WF). Ovariectomy significantly (P < .05) increased serum total concentrations by approximately 15%. WF, but not FO, prevented (P < .05) the ovariectomy-induced increase in serum total cholesterol concentration (12% and 4% reduction by WF and FO, respectively). Hamsters fed FO or WF had high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations similar to those of the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet. Non–HDL-cholesterol concentrations were lowest in the WF group, albeit not statistically different from the other treatment groups. There were no significant differences among groups in serum triglyceride concentration and liver lipids. Both WF and FO more than doubled the hepatic protein levels of 7α-hydroxylase in comparison to the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet (P < .05). Our findings suggest that increased bile acid synthesis is one of the major cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of flaxseed and that other flaxseed components, aside from its oil, contribute to its hypocholesterolemic property. The cholesterol-lowering effects of other components of flaxseed and their mechanisms of action need to be further explored.

A Calcium-Collagen Chelate Dietary Supplement Attenuates Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Marcus L. Elam,Sarah A. Johnson,Shirin Hooshmand,Rafaela G. Feresin,Mark E. Payton,Jennifer Gu,Bahram H. Arjmandi 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.3

Menopause leads to an increased risk for osteoporosis in women. Although drug therapies exist, increasing numbers of people prefer alternative therapies such as dietary supplements, for example, calcium, vitamin D, and collagen hydrolysates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. We have previously shown that a 3-month intervention using a calcium-collagen chelate (CC) dietary supplement was efficacious in improving bone mineral density (BMD) and blood biomarkers of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women. This study reports the long-term efficacy of CC in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Thirty-nine women were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 5 g of CC containing 500 mg of elemental calcium and 200 IU vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) or control (500 mg of calcium and 200 IU vitamin D) daily for 12 months. Total body, lumbar, and hip BMD were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months to assess levels of blood biomarkers of bone turnover. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance pairwise comparisons and multivariate analysis to assess time and group interactions. The loss of whole body BMD in women taking CC was substantially lower than that of the control group at 12 months in those who completed the study and the ITT analysis, respectively (CC: - 1.33% and - 0.33% vs. control: - 3.75% and - 2.17%; P = .026, P = .035). The CC group had significantly reduced levels of sclerostin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) (P < .05), and higher bone-specific alkaline phosphatase/TRAP5b ratio (P < .05) than control at 6 months. These results support the use of CC in reducing bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women.