Playing with plant height and spike number in Brazilian wheat: an applied study on early-generation selection effects

Thurow Liamara Bahr,da Silva Raíssa Martins,Venske Eduardo,Ceolin Guilherme Paim,de Oliveira Victoria Freitas,Stülp Cristiano,Figueiredo Ricardo Garcia,Tessmann Elisane Weber,da Maia Luciano Carlos,de 한국작물학회 2024 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.27 No.2

Although genomic tools have proven to be very useful for plant breeding, most bread wheat breeding programs at developing countries still rely solely on phenotypic selection. Controversially, applied studies on this theme are gradually becoming scarce worldwide, especially the ones focusing on specifc traits, such as plant height and spike number. The present study aimed to depict the genetic efects of selecting for both decrease and increase of plant height and spike number on a set of Brazilian wheat populations at early segregating generations, bringing information for the development of efective breeding strategies. Five populations in F2 were subjected to fve selection criteria, including no selection. Eight agronomic traits were assayed. Plant height has shown the highest broad-sense heritability coefcients, selection diferentials, selection gain estimates, and real selection gains. On the other hand, the means for spike number for these parameters were low to moderate. Selection for these traits impacted on indirect selection gains for all other traits. Early selection for increasing both plant height and spike number per plant has positive efects on grain yield per plant and its components on the segregating populations assayed, according to selection gain estimates. The present germplasm does not allow for further plant shortening without losing yield potentia

Detection of the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect with the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey

Benedict K. W. Bahr-Kalus,Jacobo Asorey,Stefano Camera,Catherine Hale,David Parkinson,Fei Qin 한국천문학회 2022 天文學會報 Vol.47 No.1

Use of geochemical and mathematical models for the determination of mixing ratios in groundwater from municipal wells, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

Hesham A. Ezzeldin,Jean M. Bahr 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.3

Geochemical and mathematical methods are presented, which include NETPATH model and the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse (MPPI) to quantify the contributions of water from distinct recharge areas and aquifers to public supply wells in the city of Madison, Wisconsin. Previous studies investigated the hydraulic connectivity between different aquifers in the study area and proved the impact of the shallower aquifers as well as the surface water on some of the deep wells, but did not address the percentages of the contributions of such sources. The MPPI, executed by MATLAB code, in conjunction with the inverse-based NETPATH model was used to estimate the mixing proportions of four end members (“initials”) in some of the deep groundwater wells. The quantitative estimation of the contribution of the different water resources (reference waters) on the water extracted from the deep municipal wells is considered as the main ultimate goal of this manuscript. Therefore, in this paper, many tools including WATEQ program, NETPATH and MPPI codes, were applied to verify the influence of such reference waters as well as to assess their ratios in the deep municipal wells. Datasets including major ion chemistry and stable isotopes (such as δ18O and δD) data were manipulated to determine similarities and differences between the samples and reference waters. These data provided a basis for selecting and grouping of the samples that are believed to be affected by mixing. The results showed that there are two groups of wells; one group was mainly affected by the deeper Mount Simon water (about 70%), while the second group showed a slight increase in the shallower Tunnel City water (up to 15%) and a significant increase in the Wonewoc Formation water (up to 40%) with a decrease in the ratio of the deeper Mount Simon water. The contribution of lake waters was almost around 20% in all of the studied groundwater wells. It is worth mentioning that it is not easy to choose the most appropriate models that express the mixing ratios if the necessary data are not available, as well as the appropriate programs used to adapt these data correctly. Therefore, the MPPI mathematical program was adapted along with other geochemical programs in order to constrain the models computed by such programs as well as to verify that the outputs of these programs will be as close to reality as possible. Generally, quantification of the contribution of different sources of recharge to groundwater sheds light on the vulnerability of a certain aquifer or well to pollution. Such analysis may also highlight the need for additional characterization of aquifer heterogeneity at a given location.

EnviroESCA : the revolution of a method

Liana SOCACIU-SIEBERT,Michael MEYER,Stephan BAHR,Thorsten KAMPEN,Oliver SCHAFF,Andreas THISSEN 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Morphological comparison of the testis and efferent ductules between wild-type and estrogen receptor α knockout mice during postnatal development

Lee, Ki-Ho,Park, Jae-Hwa,Bunick, David,Lubahn, Dennis B.,Bahr, Janice M. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of anatomy Vol.214 No.6

<P>Abstract</P><P>Estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER)α play an important role in the male reproductive tract and in fertility. Previous studies demonstrated that disruption of ERα function resulted in abnormal morphology of the testis and efferent ductules (EDs) of adult mice. However, the effect of a lack of a functional ERα during early postnatal development has not been determined. The present study is an evaluation of morphological changes effected by a lack of ERα in the male reproductive tract during the postnatal period. Age-equivalent wild-type and ERα knockout (αERKO) mice at 10, 18, 35 and 60 days of age after birth were used for morphological comparison of the testes and ED. Light microscopic examination of the testes of the αERKO mouse revealed a dramatic dilation of the rete testis as early as 10 days of age, premature lumen formation, reduced epithelial height and greatly dilated lumen of seminiferous tubules as early as 18 days of age. The proximal ED of the αERKO mouse showed lumen dilation, reduction of epithelial height and a decrease of nuclear height as early as 10 days of age. Similar, but somewhat less severe, morphological abnormalities were observed in the distal ED of the αERKO mouse. These results indicate that a lack of functional ERα leads to morphological changes of the testis and ED of the early postnatal developing mouse. Based on these observations, we conclude that ERα plays an important role in normal development of the testis and ED, not only during adulthood but also during the entire postnatal period and presumably during fetal development.</P>

Differential Expression of Genes Important to Efferent Ductules Ion Homeostasis across Postnatal Development in Estrogen Receptor-α Knockout and Wildtype Mice

Lee, Ki-Ho,Bunick, David,Lamprecht, Georg,Choi, Inho,Bahr, Janice M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4

Our earlier studies showed that estrogen was involved in the regulation of fluid reabsorption in adult mouse efferent ductules (ED), through estrogen receptor (ER) ${\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ by modulating gene expression of epithelial genes involved in ion homeostasis. However, little is known about the importance of $ER{\alpha}$ in the ED during postnatal development. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that there should be a difference in the expression of epithelial ion transporters and anion producers in the ED of postnatal wild type (WT) and estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ knockout (${\alpha}ERKO$) mice. Using absolute, comparative and semi-quantitative RT-PCR along with immunohistochemistry, we looked at expression levels of several genes in the ED across postnatal development. The presence of estrogen in the testicular fluid was indirectly ascertained by immunohistochemical detection of the P450 aromatase in the testis. There was no immunohistochemically detectable difference in the expression of P450 aromatase in the testes and ER${\beta}$ in the ED of WT and ${\alpha}$ERKO mice. ER${\alpha}$ was only detected in the ED of WT mice. The absence of ER${\alpha}$ in the ED of postnatally developing mice resulted in differential expression of mRNAs and/or proteins for carbonic anhydrase II, $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger 3, down-regulated in adenoma, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, and $Na^+/K^+$ ATPase ${\alpha}$. Our data indicate that the absence of ER${\alpha}$ resulted in altered expression of an epithelial ion producer and transporters during postnatal development of mice. We conclude that the presence of ER${\alpha}$is important for regulation of the ED function during the prepubertal developmental and postpubertal period.