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APPLYING MARKETING TO WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: A NEW APPROACH
Patricia David,Sharyn Rundle-Thiele,Bo Pang,Kathy Knox,Joy Parkinson,Felix Hussenoeder 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Koala populations are in decline and measures are necessary to change the current scenario. Social marketing aims to influence an audience to change behaviour for social or environmental benefit. This paper demonstrates how social marketing was applied to achieve environmental change. A pilot program, aiming to reduce dog and koala interactions, was designed and developed with dog owners and experts including koala conservation officers and dog trainers. Experts indicated that for dogs to be taught aversion, training of basic obedience skills was necessary. Therefore, a four-week dog obedience training program was implemented, emphasising a series of behaviours including sit, stay and koala aversion. A mixed method outcome evaluation was undertaken to evaluate Leave It. The evaluation included online surveys completed by dog owners’ pre and post program, and trainer observations. Results indicate that five of seven behaviours measures were changed from baseline to follow-up, namely sit, stay, come back when called every time, wildlife aversion and stay quiet on command. Successful koala aversion was also evident in field notes from trainers. Findings of this pilot program provide evidence of the effectiveness and potential of social marketing to change behaviours in an environmental context.
An LCMS method for the assay of melittin in cosmetic formulations containing bee venom.
Tusiimire, Jonans,Wallace, Jennifer,Dufton, Mark,Parkinson, John,Clements, Carol J,Young, Louise,Park, Jin Kyu,Jeon, Jong Woon,Watson, David G Springer-Verlag 2015 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Vol.407 No.13
<P>There is a growing interest in the potential of bee venom in cosmetics as a rejuvenating agent. Products currently on the market do not specify exactly their content of bee venom (BV). Therefore, we developed a method for the detection and quantification of melittin, as a marker of bee venom content, in selected commercial creams which contained BV according to their marketing claims, in order to gauge the relative quality of such formulations. A quantitative method was achieved following a rigorous extraction procedure involving sonication, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction since carryover of excipients was found to cause a rapid deterioration in the chromatographic performance. The method employed a standard additions approach using, as spiking standard, purified melittin isolated from bee venom and standardised by quantitative NMR. The aqueous extracts of the spiked creams were analysed by reversed phase LCMS on an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The purity of the melittin spiking standard was determined to be 96.0%. The lowest measured mean melittin content in the creams was 3.19 ppm (1.58 ppm 95% CI) while the highest was 37.21 ppm (2.01 ppm 95% CI). The method showed adequate linearity (R (2)??0.98) and a recovery of 87.7-102.2% from a spiked blank cream. An assay precision of <20% RSD was achieved for all but one sample where the RSD value was 27.5%. The method was sensitive enough for use in routine assay of BV-containing cosmetic creams. Differences in the melittin content of the commercial products assayed were nearly tenfold.</P>