The Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Hussain Muhammad,Bahadar Shah,Zia ul Islam 한국유통과학회 2014 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.5 No.2

Purpose The purpose of this – study is to empirically investigate the impact of capital structure on firm performance. Research design, data, and methodology – This study examined the impact of capital structure on the performance of cement companies listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2013. The authors hypothesize that there is a negative relationship between capital structure and firm performance. To examine the association, the authors run a Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results – Results reveal a strong negative relationship between debt to asset and firm performance variables (GPM, NPM, ROA, and ROE). Further, there is a positive relationship between debt to equity and firm performance variables (GPM and NPM), anda negative relationship between debt to equity and firm performance variables (ROA and ROE). Moreover, capital structure variables significantly impact firm performance. Conclusions – This study concluded that financial analysts and managers should emphasize on the optimal level of capital structure and efficient utilization and allocation of resources to achieve the targeted level of productive efficiency in business

Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Guaianolides from Amberboa ramosa

Sher Bahadar Khan,Azhar-ul-Haq,Shagufta Perveen,Nighat Afza,Abdul Malik,Sarfraz Ahmad Nawaz,Muhammad Raza Shah,Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Amberboa ramosa led to the isolation of six sesquiterpene lactones which could be identified as 8α-hydroxy-11β−methyl-1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH, 11αH-guai-10(14), 4(15)-dien-6, 12-olide(1), 3β, 8α-dihydroxy-11α−methyl-1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH, 11βH-guai-10(14), 4 (15)-dien-6, 12-olide (2), 3β, 4α, 8α-trihydroxy-4β-(hydroxymethyl)- 1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH-guai-10(14), 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide (3), 3β, 4α, 8α-trihydroxy-4β- (chloromethyl)-1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(4), 3β, 4α, dihydroxy- 4β-(hydroxymethyl)-1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(5), 3β, 4α-dihydroxy- 4β- (chloromethyl)-8α-(4-hydroxymethacrylate)-1αH, 5αH, 6βH, 7αH-guai-10(14),11 (13)-dien-6,12-olide (6) by spectroscopic methods. All of them showed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase.

In vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Human Tears with Respect to Age

Zahoor, Muhammad,Bahadar, Haji,Ayaz, Muhammad,Khan, Ajmal,Shah, Muhammad Jalat Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2018 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.50 No.2

Lysozyme is present in tears and has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In addition, it acts as a physiological scavenger for harmful substances. In the present study, sixteen tear samples from people of different ages were evaluated for their antibacterial spectrum against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica Typhi). A radial diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tear samples. To correlate the antibacterial activities of these tear samples, the concentration of lysozyme in the tear samples was also determined. Ampicillin was used as a standard drug. The zone of inhibition (mm) was used to measure the antibacterial property of the tears. All samples showed good antibacterial activities. The tear samples of children showed antibacterial activities in the range of 4.40~5.00 mm inhibition zones against the selected bacterial strains. The tear samples from the young and adults showed good antibacterial potential with a zone of inhibition in the range of 3.20~4.00 and 4.00~5.50 mm, respectively. The tear samples from the old age group showed inhibition zones from 1.50~5 mm. The adult tear samples showed the maximum inhibition against the selected bacterial strains among all groups. The lysozyme concentration was 1.7 mg/mL, 1.95 mg/mL, 2.13 mg/mL, and 1.76 mg/mL for children, young, adults, and elderly, respectively. In conclusion, the tears from adults have the high inhibition potential. In addition, this data also showed that the lysozyme contents in the tear sample increased with age until 40~42 years.

Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Guaianolides from Amberboa ramosa

Khan Sher Bahadar,Haq Azhar-ul,Perveen Shagufta,Afza Nighat,Malik Abdul,Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad,Shah Muhammad Raza,Choudhary Muhammad lqbal The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Amberboa ramosa led to the isolation of six sesquiterpene lactones which could be identified as $8{\alpha}$-hydroxy-$11{\beta}$-methyl-$1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H,\;11{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 4(15)-dien-6, 12-olide(2), $3{\beta},\;8{\alpha}-dihydroxy-11{\alpha}-methyl-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H,\;11{\beta}H-guai-10(14)$, 4(15)-dien-6, 12-olide (2), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-trihydroxy-4{\beta}(hydroxymethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide (3), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-trihydroxy-4{\beta}-(chloromethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(4), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;dihydroxy-4{\beta}-(hydroxymethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(5), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha}-dihydroxy-4{\beta}-(chloromethyl)-8{\alpha}-(4-hydroxymethacrylate)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide (6) by spectroscopic methods. All of them showed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase.

Impacts of Demographics on Citizen’s Access to Information: An Empirical Study of District Dera Ismail Khan, North Western Frontier Province, Pakistan

Najeebullah Khan,Bahadar Shah,Allah Nawaz 한국사회복지학회 2008 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.2 No.2

The impact of demographic dimensions on local government behavior is well identified, analyzedand documented at the global level. Likewise, several studies are available on developing countries,but empirical evidence on the conditions of Pakistan is lacking. This study is an effort to unearthempirical evidence on access to information in the local government system exemplifying data fromthe district Dera Ismail Khan (DIK), North Western Frontier Province (NWFP). Most globalhypotheses for developing countries are accepted in this study but the statistics on local data arefar more different in terms of the value and weight of variables, relationships and impacts on theresearch concepts. The most dominant concept in the impact of access to information on the localgovernment system is ‘‘education for all.’’ Mass education is a leading concept in making or breakingthe role of people participation in the success or failure of local democracies. Data show thatilliteracy is causing many problems, including the mass population’s unawareness of their interestsand duties at the public level, thereby giving the ruling elite a free hand in exploiting publicresources for self-interest, at the cost of the public good.

In vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Human Tears with Respect to Age

( Muhammad Zahoor ),( Haji Bahadar ),( Muhammad Ayaz ),( Ajmal Khan ),( Muhammad Jalat Shah ) 대한임상검사과학회 2018 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.50 No.2

Lysozyme is present in tears and has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In addition, it acts as a physiological scavenger for harmful substances. In the present study, sixteen tear samples from people of different ages were evaluated for their antibacterial spectrum against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica Typhi). A radial diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tear samples. To correlate the antibacterial activities of these tear samples, the concentration of lysozyme in the tear samples was also determined. Ampicillin was used as a standard drug. The zone of inhibition (mm) was used to measure the antibacterial property of the tears. All samples showed good antibacterial activities. The tear samples of children showed antibacterial activities in the range of 4.40∼5.00 mm inhibition zones against the selected bacterial strains. The tear samples from the young and adults showed good antibacterial potential with a zone of inhibition in the range of 3.20∼4.00 and 4.00∼5.50 mm, respectively. The tear samples from the old age group showed inhibition zones from 1.50∼5 mm. The adult tear samples showed the maximum inhibition against the selected bacterial strains among all groups. The lysozyme concentration was 1.7 mg/mL, 1.95 mg/mL, 2.13 mg/mL, and 1.76 mg/mL for children, young, adults, and elderly, respectively. In conclusion, the tears from adults have the high inhibition potential. In addition, this data also showed that the lysozyme contents in the tear sample increased with age until 40∼42 years.