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LTE-Based Passive Bistatic Radar System for Detection of Ground-Moving Targets
Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah,Asem Ahmad Salah,Alyani Ismail,Fazirulhisyam Hashim,Nur Emileen Abdul Rashid,Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.2
Use of a passive bistatic radar (PBR) system in the surveillance or monitoring of an area has its advantages. For example, a PBR system is able to utilize any available signal of opportunity (for example, broadcasting, communication, or radio navigation signals) for the purposes of surveillance. With this in mind, there are potentially many research areas to be explored; in particular, the capability of signals from existing and future communication systems, such as 4G and 5G. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the world’s most current communication system. Given this fact, this paper presents the latest feasibility studies and experimental results from using LTE signals in PBR applications. Details are provided about aspects such as signal characteristics, experimental configurations, and SNR studies. Six experimental scenarios are carried out to investigate the detection performance of our proposed system on ground-moving targets. The ability to detect is demonstrated through use of the cross-ambiguity function. The detection results suggest that LTE signals are suitable as a source signal for PBR.
Hussin, NorJasmin,Azmir, Izzati Adilah,Esa, Yuzine,Ahmad, Amirrudin,Salleh, Faezah Mohd,Jahari, Puteri Nur Syahzanani,Munian, Kaviarasu,Gan, Han Ming Korea Genome Organization 2022 Genomics & informatics Vol.20 No.1
The two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest fish in the world which belonged to the Cyprinidae family, were sequenced and assembled. The circular DNA molecules of mitogenomes P1-P. progenetica and S3-P. progenetica were 16,827 and 16,616 bp in length, respectively, and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. The gene arrangements of P. progenetica were identical to those of other Paedocypris species. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses revealed variations in the mitogenome sequences of two Paedocypris species from Perak and Selangor. The circular DNA molecule of P. progenetica yield a standard vertebrate gene arrangement and an overall nucleotide composition of A 33.0%, T 27.2%, C 23.5%, and G 15.5%. The overall AT content of this species was consistent with that of other species in other genera. The negative GC-skew and positive AT-skew of the control region in P. progenetica indicated rich genetic variability and AT nucleotide bias, respectively. The results of this study provide genomic variation information and enhance the understanding of the mitogenome of P. progenetica. They could later deliver highly valuable new insight into data for phylogenetic analysis and population genetics.
K.M. Sharif,M.M. Rahman,J. Azmir,S.H. Shamsudin,M.S. Uddin,T.K. Fahim,I.S.M. Zaidul 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Pereskia bleo leaves was carried out with systematic experimentalstudy to screen and optimize the factors affecting yield and antioxidant activity. Initially, five factors werestudied by Plackett–Burman study to screen the most influential factors. Consequently, threesignificantly affecting factors were optimized by Box–Behnken study. At the optimum condition(52 C, 36MPa and 1.5% ethanol of total CO2) yield and IC50 value obtained by SFE were higher thanwaterextract and lower than methanol extract. GC–MS analysis showed that the ethanol modified supercriticalcarbon dioxide has increased efficiency for extracting antioxidant compounds, a-tocopherol, b-sitosteroland erythritol.
Chen, Ai-Hong,Norazman, Fatin Nur Najwa,Buari, Noor Halilah,Ahmad, Azmir,Omar, Wan Elhami Wan The Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 2010 한국안광학회지 Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: The effect of two different levels of illumination and the effect of three letter chart types on subjective refraction findings were investigated. Methods: This study involved thirty Malay university students aged between 19 to 23 years old (7 males, 23 females), with their spherical refractive error ranged between plano to -7.75D astigmatism ranged from plano to -1.75D, anisometropia less than 1D and with no history of ocular injury and pathology. Monocular subjective refraction was measured under two levels of illumination (with and without room light) and with three different letter charts (Snellen letter chart, wall mounted letter chart and projected letter chart). Subjective refraction finding was calculated in spherical equivalent in unit diopter (D). Results: There was no significant effect in the subjective refraction findings with Snellen letter chart (t-test=0.15, p-value=0.88), projected letter chart (t-test=-0.19, p-value=0.85) as well as wall mounted letter chart (t-test=0.12, p-value=0.94). One Way ANOVA also revealed when the subjective refractive measures were compared under two different level of room illumination (with and without room light), no significant effect of letter chart types on subjective refraction readings with room light ($F_{2.185}$=0.11, p-value=0.89) and without room light ($F_{2.185}$=0.02, p-value=0.98). Conclusions: Subjective refraction findings were not affected whether the room light was on or off. They were also not affected by the types of letter chart used.
Ai-Hong Chen,Fatin Nur Najwa Norazman,Noor Halilah Buari,Azmir Ahmad,Wan Elhami Wan Omar 한국안광학회 2010 한국안광학회지 Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: The effect of two different levels of illumination and the effect of three letter chart types on subjective refraction findings were investigated. Methods: This study involved thirty Malay university students aged between 19 to 23 years old (7 males, 23 females), with their spherical refractive error ranged between plano to -7.75D, astigmatism ranged from plano to -1.75D, anisometropia less than 1D and with no history of ocular injury and pathology. Monocular subjective refraction was measured under two levels of illumination (with and without room light) and with three different letter charts (Snellen letter chart, wall mounted letter chart and proletter chart). Subjective refraction finding was calculated in spherical equivalent in unit diopter (D). Results: There was no significant effect in the subjective refraction findings with Snellen letter chart (t-test=p-value= 0.88), projected letter chart (t-test=-0.19, p-value=as well as wall mounted letter chart (t-test=p-value=One Way ANOVA also revealed when the subjective refractive measures were compared under two different level of room illumination (with and without room light), no significant effect of letter chart types on subjective refraction readings with room light (F2,185=p-value=and without room light (F2.185=p-value=Conclusions: Subjective refraction findings were not affected whether the room light was on or off. They were also not affected by the types of letter chart used.