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Hussin, NorJasmin,Azmir, Izzati Adilah,Esa, Yuzine,Ahmad, Amirrudin,Salleh, Faezah Mohd,Jahari, Puteri Nur Syahzanani,Munian, Kaviarasu,Gan, Han Ming Korea Genome Organization 2022 Genomics & informatics Vol.20 No.1
The two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest fish in the world which belonged to the Cyprinidae family, were sequenced and assembled. The circular DNA molecules of mitogenomes P1-P. progenetica and S3-P. progenetica were 16,827 and 16,616 bp in length, respectively, and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. The gene arrangements of P. progenetica were identical to those of other Paedocypris species. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses revealed variations in the mitogenome sequences of two Paedocypris species from Perak and Selangor. The circular DNA molecule of P. progenetica yield a standard vertebrate gene arrangement and an overall nucleotide composition of A 33.0%, T 27.2%, C 23.5%, and G 15.5%. The overall AT content of this species was consistent with that of other species in other genera. The negative GC-skew and positive AT-skew of the control region in P. progenetica indicated rich genetic variability and AT nucleotide bias, respectively. The results of this study provide genomic variation information and enhance the understanding of the mitogenome of P. progenetica. They could later deliver highly valuable new insight into data for phylogenetic analysis and population genetics.
Review of Channel Quality Indicator Estimation Schemes for Multi-User MIMO in 3GPP LTE/LTE-A Systems
( Muntadher Qasim Abdulhasan ),( Mustafa Ismael Salman ),( Chee Kyun Ng ),( Nor Kamariah Noordin ),( Shaiful Jahari Hashim ),( Fazirulhisham Hashim ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.6
Multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) in long-term evolution (LTE) is an essential factor in achieving high speed data rates and spectral efficiency. The unexpected growth in data rate demand has pushed researchers to extend the benefits of multi-user MIMO. The multi-user MIMO system can take full advantage of channel conditions by employing efficient adjustment techniques for scheduling, and by assigning different modulation and coding rates. However, one of the critical issues affecting this feature is the appropriate estimation of channel quality indicator (CQI) to manage the allocated resources to users. Therefore, an accurate CQI estimation scheme is required for the multi-user MIMO transmission to obtain significant improvements on spectral efficiency. This paper presents overviews of multi-user MIMO in LTE/LTE-advanced systems. The link adaptation, scheduling process, and different factors that affect the reliability of CQI measurements are discussed. State-of-the-art schemes for the post-processing CQI estimation, and the comparisons of various CQI estimation schemes to support multi-user MIMO are also addressed.