Acute Diaphragmatic Injuries Associated with Traumatic Rib Fractures: Experiences of a Major Trauma Centre and the Importance of Intra-Pleural Assessment

Azhar Hussain,Ian Hunt 대한흉부외과학회 2021 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.54 No.1

Background: Diaphragmatic injuries following blunt or penetrating thoraco-abdominal trauma are rare, but can be life-threatening. Rib fractures are the most common associated injury in patients with a traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). We hypothesized that the pattern of rib fracture injuries could dictate the likelihood of acute TDIs. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between April 2014 and October 2018 to analyze patients with TDIs and rib fractures at a major trauma center in London, United Kingdom. Results: Over the study period, 1,560 patients had rib fractures, of whom 14 had asso- ciated diaphragmatic injuries. Left-sided diaphragmatic injuries were found in 8 patients (57%) . A significant proportion of the rib fractures were located posterolaterally (44.9%). The highest frequency of fractures was found in ribs 5–10, which accounted for 74% of all the fractures. Ten patients underwent surgery, of whom 7 were diagnosed with a dia- phragmatic injury intraoperatively after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery assessment of the pleural cavity. Two patients died due to severe injuries of other organs and the re- maining 2 patients were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our series of patients demonstrates a relationship between significant rib fractures and diaphragmatic injuries in trauma patients, and the diagnostic difficulties in identifying the condition. We found that the location of the rib fractures and the pattern of injury in patients with TDIs were much lower and posterolateral in the chest wall without a preference for laterality. We suggest using a thoracoscope in patients undergoing chest wall surgery post-trauma to aid in diagnosing this condition.

Governance Innovation and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from the Automotive Industry in Pakistan

Malik Azhar HUSSAIN,Amjad WAQAR,Saddiq ANAM,Khan HAFEEZULLAH,Zafar ASMA 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4

Corporate governance and innovation have been a hot topic in recent boardroom talks, whether in the trade or manufacturing industries. Governance innovations are highly significant for the survival of the motor vehicle industry like Honda, Nissan, New General Motors, and Toyota. The study chooses the motor vehicle industry which crosses the age of a century and sufficient corroborative support exists with the perspective of distinctive objectives. Using the population of all the automobile companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), we distill automobile companies to evaluate the firm performance using the panel data regression approach. The results show that there is a significant relationship between gender diversity, audit committees, and firm performance. Further, board size also has a positive impact on firm performance. We identify that the governance mechanism of firms found in default of the frequency of audit committee meetings. By considering results, only limited knowledge of finance directors and also very few numbers of female directors are on the board. Empirical findings of this work might be useful for policymakers in attempting to draft a corporate governance framework better able to monitor the financial performance of firms through female directors and also serve as a catalyst for the regulators of electric vehicles.

A Novel Protein Elicitor PeBL2, from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Tobacco Plant

Ghulam Hussain Jatoi,Guo Lihua,Yang Xiufen,Muswar Ali Gadhi,Azhar Uddin Keerio,Yusuf Ali Abdulle,Dewen Qiu 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.3

Here, we reported a novel secreted protein elicitor PeBL2 from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, which can induce hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were performed for identification of protein elicitor. The 471 bp PeBL2 gene produces a 17.22 kDa protein with 156 amino acids containing an 84-residue signal peptide. Consistent with endogenous protein, the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli induced the typical hypersensitive response (HR) and necrosis in tobacco leaves. Additionally, PeBL2 also triggered early defensive response of generation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2 -) and systemic resistance against of B. cinerea. Our findings shed new light on a novel strategy for biocontrol using B. laterosporus A60.

A Novel Protein Elicitor PeBL2, from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Tobacco Plant

Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain,Lihua, Guo,Xiufen, Yang,Gadhi, Muswar Ali,Keerio, Azhar Uddin,Abdulle, Yusuf Ali,Qiu, Dewen The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.3

Here, we reported a novel secreted protein elicitor PeBL2 from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, which can induce hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). The ion-exchange chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were performed for identification of protein elicitor. The 471 bp PeBL2 gene produces a 17.22 kDa protein with 156 amino acids containing an 84-residue signal peptide. Consistent with endogenous protein, the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli induced the typical hypersensitive response (HR) and necrosis in tobacco leaves. Additionally, PeBL2 also triggered early defensive response of generation of reactive oxygen species ($H_2O_2$ and $O_2{^-}$) and systemic resistance against of B. cinerea. Our findings shed new light on a novel strategy for biocontrol using B. laterosporus A60.

Ant Colony Optimization Based Fixed Order Controller Design and System Simulations International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems

Faizullah Mahar,Saad Azhar Ali,Ayaz Hussain,Zohaibuddin Bhutto 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Thus far, researchers test several heuristic in order to produce the optimal solutions of the cost function and controller parameters. In this paper, an implementation of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for the optimization of cost function and controller parameters has been discussed. To implement the ACO algorithm with a problem requires defining; cost function and the constraint. All simulation has been performed using a software program developed in the MATLAB environment. The simulation results show that ACO algorithm can be used to counterbalance the effect and improve the performance of any control system. Moreover, the proposed scheme overcomes the weaknesses of conventional fixed gain controller and improvement is accomplished in terms of settling time, oscillations and overshoot.

Regeneration in Sugarcane via Somatic Embryogenesis and Genomic Instability in Regenerated Plants

Raza, Saboohi,Qamarunisa, Syeda,Hussain, Mushtaq,Jamil, Ishrat,Anjum, Sadia,Azhar, Abid,Qureshi, Javed Ahmed 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.2

In the present study, embryogenic calli of sugarcane variety BL4 were induced using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin in different concentrations and combinations. In contrast to earlier studies, embryogenic callus sectors were identified and isolated microscopically within 1 - 2 weeks. Subsequently, 51 media formulations were used for regeneration of proliferated embryogenic callus, using MS medium supplemented with three different cytokinins [kinetin, 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ)] and auxins (IAA/NAA and IBA) in different combination and concentrations. After acclimatization, the genomic DNA of regenerated plants was studied to explore the insertion polymorphism of transposable elements in order to ascertain the variation among somaclones. Though low concentration of kinetin with 2,4-D was found supportive to embryogenic callus development, the highest number of regenerated plantlets was observed using BAP (1 ${\mu}M$), however the plantlets had very low fresh weight (2.2 g). Conversely, TDZ alone supported a significant increase in the number of plantlets regenerated (38 - 40) with higher fresh weight. The somaclones generated during this study showed considerable positional polymorphism of activator-like transposable elements possibly due to the stress associated with in vitro culture. This study provides a procedure to produce regenerated sugarcane plants from embryogenic callus in a relatively short time.

Structural, spectral, dielectric and magnetic properties of Co–Cr-substituted hexagonal ferrites with X-type structure

Ejaz Syeda Rabia,Khan Muhammad Azhar,Gulbadan Shagufta,Akhtar Majid Niaz,Ahmad Mukhtar,Hussain Altaf,Islam Misbah ul 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.4

Co 2+ and Cr 3+ -substituted SrBaCu Fe 28- y O 46 X-type hexaferrite with x = y = 0, 0.1 to 0.5 (step = 0.1) were prepared Co Cr 2- x x y through auto-combustion sol–gel method and sintered at 1250 °C for 5 h which was found from thermal analysis. The thermal investigation, phase detection, spectral, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of the prepared composition were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and dielectric measurement. XRD patterns of the entire composition confi rmed the development of a single phase of X-type structure. The enhancement in the lattice parameters and cell volume was observed by varying the Co–Cr concentration, attributed to the larger ionic radii substitution. FTIR\spectra of all samples exhibit two absorption peaks in the wavenumber range of 500–550  cm −1 and 418–425  cm −1 that confi rm the formation of hexaferrite. The dielectric properties have been inspected based on frequency and substitution variation in the sample. The dielectric constant exhibits the increasing trend with the Co–Cr ratio. The enhancement in Ac conductivity was also found by increased substitution ions. Single semi-circles were examined in Nyquist plots, attributed to the contribution of the grain boundaries. Detailed magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, remanence, squareness ratio, coercivity, and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant were measured. By the increase in Co–Cr substitution the increased of saturation magnetization ( Ms ) from 61.12 emu/g to 64.89 emu/g, the remanence ( Mr ) from 27.43 emu/g to 30.71 emu/g, and coercivity ( H c ) from 1654.56 Oe to 1863.54 Oe was found. Therefore, the synthesized SrBaCu 2 X-type hexagonal ferrites with the appropriate amount of Co–Cr substitution are suitable candidates for microwave devices and valuable in longitudinal recording media.

Assessment of Real Time, Multi-Satellite Precipitation Products under Diverse Climatic and Topographic Conditions

Muhammad Masood,Abdul Sattar Shakir,Aftab Hussain Azhar,Guhlam Nabi,Habib-u-Rehman 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.4

A preliminary assessment of real-time multi-satellite precipitation products, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) IMERG real time (IMRT), TMPA 3B42 real time (TMPA), PERSIANN (PERS) and CMORPH (CMOR) was carried out in Pakistan on entire study area basis and by dividing the study area in to five regions. It is extended from 61o to 77o East and 23.5 o to 37 o North, with varied climatic and topographic conditions. In south coastline along the Arabian Sea, plateaus, deserts and plain areas in the center and in north snow caped mountains. A set of evaluating (continuous) statistical indices, correlation coefficient (CC), bias (Bias), root mean square error (RMSE) and detective (categorical) statistical indices, probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), critical success index (CSI) were applied to evaluate the satellite products against rain gauge data at daily time scales. However CC values were computed at monthly time scale and comparison between average annual values of satellite data and gauge values was also conducted. At annual basis significant resemblance was observed between spatial distribution of satellite and gauge data. At monthly time scale satellite products showed correlation in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 against reference data at major portion of the study area. But at daily time scale a weak correlation from 0.2 to 0.45, higher values of bias and RMSE in hilly terrains with highest average annual rainfall and the adjacent foot hill areas as compared to the plain areas, lower values of POD, CSI and higher values of FAR were observed. An inter comparison among the used satellite products revealed that overall performance of IMRT was better in the study area.

Regeneration in Sugarcane via Somatic Embryogenesis and Genomic Instability in Regenerated Plants

Saboohi Raza,Syeda Qamarunisa,Mushtaq Hussain,Ishrat Jamil,Sadia Anjum,Abid Azhar,Javed Ahmed Qureshi 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.2

In the present study, embryogenic calli of sugarcane variety BL4 were induced using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin in different concentrations and combinations. In contrast to earlier studies, embryogenic callus sectors were identified and isolated microscopically within 1 - 2 weeks. Subsequently, 51 media formulations were used for regeneration of proliferated embryogenic callus, using MS medium supplemented with three different cytokinins [kinetin, 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ)] and auxins (IAA/NAA and IBA) in different combination and concentrations. After acclimatization, the genomic DNA of regenerated plants was studied to explore the insertion polymorphism of transposable elements in order to ascertain the variation among somaclones. Though low concentration of kinetin with 2,4-D was found supportive to embryogenic callus development, the highest number of regenerated plantlets was observed using BAP (1 μM), however the plantlets had very low fresh weight (2.2 g). Conversely, TDZ alone supported a significant increase in the number of plantlets regenerated (38 - 40) with higher fresh weight. The somaclones generated during this study showed considerable positional polymorphism of activator-like transposable elements possibly due to the stress associated with in vitro culture. This study provides a procedure to produce regenerated sugarcane plants from embryogenic callus in a relatively short time.

Accumulation of Glucosinolates and Nutrients in Pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis) Two Cultivar Plants Exposed to Sulfur Deficiency

Keling Hu,Zhujun Zhu,Yunxiang Zang,Syed Azhar Hussain 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.2

To understand how sulfur nutrition affects the quality and yield of vegetable plants, we have grown two cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis cv. Shang Hai Qing and You Dong Er) hydroponically in nutrient solution supplied with two levels of sulfur (0.0558 mM as sulfur deficiency and 1.0058 mM as sulfur sufficiency, respectively) for three weeks and their growth, nutrient uptake and glucosinolate content under these two sulfur conditions were investigated. The results showed that plant growth of both the cultivars was inhibited by sulfur deficiency. The concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium in shoots of both the cultivars were increased notably under sulfur deficiency, but there was no significant change in concentrations of sulfur, potassium and calcium. Moreover, sulfur deficiency increased phosphorus uptake in You Dong Er but not in Shang Hai Qing. In Shang Hai Qing sulfur deficiency reduced the content of all individual and total glucosinolates, while in You Dong Er this was also the case for most individual and total glucosinolates. However, in You Dong Er the total aliphatic glucosinolate concentration was not significantly influenced but the concentrations of individual aliphatic glucosinolates-glucoalyssin and gluconapin were in contrast increased under sulfur deficiency. Our data show that sulfur deficiency will decrease the yield and deteriorate the quality of pakchoi vegetable by reducing its growth and the contents of nutrients and glucosinolates. In addition, there was a significant genotypic variation in the composition and content of glucosinolates between these two pakchoi cultivars when exposed to sulfur deficiency.