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김정윤,조희찬,( L. G. Austin1 ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1
일반적으로 제품 생산에 활용되는 습식 볼밀 운전 조건 하에서는 굵은 입자들이 1차 분쇄 모델에 의해 예상되는 것보다 적게 배출되는 내부 분급 현상이 나타난다. 이러한 현상을 이해하기 위해서 4가지 방법의 보정 방법을 적용하여 보았다. 첫째는 밀 배출구에 가상의 분급 장치의 존재를 가정하는 것이고, 두 번째는 입도별로 다른 체류 시간을 가정하는 것이다. 셋째는 분쇄율(Specific rates of breakage) 공식을 수정하여 시간에 따라 분쇄율이 변한다고 가정하는 것이고, 넷째는 1차 분쇄 모델이 아닌 비 1차 분쇄 모델(non-first order breakage kinetics)을 도입하는 것이다. 네 가지 방식에 대해 문헌에 제시된 분쇄 실험 결과를 활용하여 적용 작업을 수행하였으며, 넷째 방법을 제외한 다른 방법들은 보정 작업이 간단한 반면 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 각 방법들에 적용되는 변수값들의 변화폭이 크게 나타났다. 반면 넷째 방법에서는 보정 작업은 복잡하지만 변수값들의 변화가 작았다. 이는 내부 분급 현상이 비 1차 반응에 의해 주로 발생한다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다.
The Myth of Polarization Among Taiwanese Voters: The Missing Middle
Austin Horng-En Wang 동아시아연구원 2019 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.19 No.3
Are Taiwanese voters polarized? By presenting four novel visualizations based on a factor analysis of Taiwan National Security Surveys from 2002 to 2017, this article describes the contours of structural change in Taiwan politics. Overall, the cross-strait position among Taiwanese voters can be described by a stable inverted U shape over time. This arises from the fact that most nonpartisans—typically neglected in the literature on polarization—are moderate. Before 2008, increasing polarization among partisans can be attributed to pan-green voters moving toward independence. Between 2008 and 2014, decreasing polarization stems from moderates self-identifying as panblue supporters. Since 2014, a record-breaking number of nonpartisans have left the pan-blue camp, and more extreme pan-blue voters have contributed to a return of polarization among partisans. The results yield important implications for the study of polarization and populism, as well as for the future of Taiwanese politics.
An Overview and Update of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia for Primary Care Physicians
Austin Granatowicz,Caroline I. Piatek,Elizabeth Moschiano,Ihab El-Hemaidi,Joel D. Armitage,Mojtaba Akhtari 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemias. Forty percent of patients with CML are asymptomatic, in whom the disease is detected solely based on laboratory abnormalities. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in 2001, CML has become a chronic disease for the majority of patients. Primary care physicians may be the first to recognize a new diagnosis of CML. In patients with known CML, the primary care physician may be the first to detect disease progression or adverse effects to therapy. This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment considerations of CML.
( Austin J. Peters ),( Saad A. Khan ),( Seiji Koike ),( Susan Rowell ),( Martin Schreiber ) 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: Ketamine has historically been contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to concern for raising intracranial pressure. However, it is increasingly being used in TBI due to the favorable respiratory and hemodynamic properties. To date, no studies have evaluated whether ketamine administered in subjects with TBI is associated with patient survival or disability. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the multicenter Prehospital Tranexamic Acid Use for Traumatic Brain Injury trial, comparing ketamine-exposed and ketamine-unexposed TBI subjects to determine whether an association exists between ketamine administration and mortality, as well as secondary outcome measures. Results: We analyzed 841 eligible subjects from the original study, of which 131 (15.5%) received ketamine. Ketamine-exposed subjects were younger (37.3±16.9 years vs. 42.0±18.6 years, P=0.037), had a worse initial Glasgow Coma Scale score (7±3 vs. 8±4, P=0.003), and were more likely to be intubated than ketamine-unexposed subjects (88.5% vs. 44.2%, P<0.001). Overall, there was no difference in mortality (12.2% vs. 15.5%, P=0.391) or disability measures between groups. Ketamine-exposed subjects had significantly fewer instances of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) compared to ketamine-unexposed subjects (56.3% vs. 82.3%, P=0.048). In the very rare outcomes of cardiac events and seizure activity, seizure activity was statistically more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (3.1% vs. 1.0%, P=0.010). In the intracranial hemorrhage subgroup, cardiac events were more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (2.3% vs. 0.2%, P=0.025). Ketamine exposure was associated with a smaller increase in TBI protein biomarker concentrations. Conclusions: Ketamine administration was not associated with worse survival or disability despite being administered to more severely injured subjects. Ketamine exposure was associated with reduced elevations of ICP, more instances of seizure activity, and lower concentrations of TBI protein biomarkers.