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Burhan Ullah,Aurangzeb Khan,Muhammad Fahad,Mahmood Alam,Allah Noor,Umar Saleem,Muhammad Kamran 한국정보처리학회 2022 Journal of information processing systems Vol.18 No.3
The capability to examine an X-ray image is so far a challenging task. In this work, we suggest a practical andnovel algorithm based on image fusion to inspect the issues such as background noise, blurriness, or sharpness,which curbs the quality of dual-energy X-ray images. The current technology exercised for the examination ofbags and baggage is “X-ray”; however, the results of the incumbent technology used show blurred and lowcontrast level images. This paper aims to improve the quality of X-ray images for a clearer vision of illegitimateor volatile substances. A dataset of 40 images was taken for the experiment, but for clarity, the results of only13 images have been shown. The results were evaluated using MSE and PSNR metrics, where the averagePSNR value of the proposed system compared to single X-ray images was increased by 19.3%, and the MSEvalue decreased by 17.3%. The results show that the proposed framework will help discern threats and theentire scanning process.
Akhtar, Noreen,Bilal, Muhammad,Rizwan, Muhammad,Khan, Muhammad Asif,Khan, Aurangzeb Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious disease of liver, caused by a small enveloped, positive-single stranded RNA virus, called the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and has 6 genotypes and more than 100 subtypes. It is estimated that 185 million people are infected with HCV worldwide and 5% of these are in Pakistan. The study was designed to evaluate different genotypes of HCV circulating in District Mardan and to know about the behavior of these genotypes to different anti-viral regimes. In this study 3,800 patients were exposed to interferon alfa-2a plus Ribavirin treatment for 6-months and subjected to real-time PCR to check the viral response. Among these 3,677 (97%) patients showed no detectable HCV RNA while 123 (3%) patients (non-responders) remained positive for HCV RNA. Genotypes of their analyzed showed that most of them belonged to the 3a genotype. Non-responders (123) and relapsed (5) patients were subjected to PEG-interferon and Ribavirin therapy for next 6 months, which resulted into elimination of HCV RNA from 110 patients. The genotypes of the persisting resistant samples to anti-viral treatment were 3b, 2a, 1a and 1b. Furthermore, viral RNA from 6 patients remained un-typed while 4 patients showed mixed infections. HCV was found more resistant to antiviral therapy in females as compared to mals. The age group 36-45 in both females and males was found most affected by infection. In general 3a is the most prevalent genotype circulating in district Mardan and the best anti-viral therapy is PEG-interferon plus Ribavirin but it is common practice that due to the high cost patients receive interferon alfa-2a plus Ribavirin with consequent resistance in 3% patients given this treatment regime.