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- 저자 : Ather, Amber (검색결과 56 건)
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Unique case of a geminated supernumerary tooth with trifid crown
Ather, Amber,Ather, Hunaiza,Sheth, Sanket Milan,Muliya, Vidya Saraswathi Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.3
Gemination, a relatively uncommon dental anomaly, is characterized by its peculiar representation as a tooth with a bifid crown and a common root and root canal. It usually occurs in primary dentition. To come across gemination in a supernumerary tooth is a rare phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to present a unique case of hyperdontia wherein gemination in an impacted supernumerary tooth resulted in a trifid crown unlike the usual bifid crown. The role of conventional radiographs as well as computed tomography, to accurately determine the morphology and spatial location, and to arrive at a diagnosis, is also emphasized in this paper.
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Unique case of a geminated supernumerary tooth with trifid crown
Amber Ather,Hunaiza Ather,Sanket Milan Sheth,Vidya Saraswathi Muliya 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.3
Gemination, a relatively uncommon dental anomaly, is characterized by its peculiar representation as a tooth with a bifid crown and a common root and root canal. It usually occurs in primary dentition. To come across gemination in a supernumerary tooth is a rare phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to present a unique case of hyperdontia wherein gemination in an impacted supernumerary tooth resulted in a trifid crown unlike the usual bifid crown. The role of conventional radiographs as well as computed tomography, to accurately determine the morphology and spatial location, and to arrive at a diagnosis, is also emphasized in this paper.
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Ather Muneer 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2020 전남의대학술지 Vol.56 No.3
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric condition which affects innumerable people across the globe. The etiopathogenesis of BD is multi-faceted with genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors playing a role. Hitherto, the diagnosis and management of BD are purely on empirical grounds as we lack confirmed biomarkers for this condition. In this regard, hypothesis-driven investigations have been unable to identify clinically applicable biomarkers, steering the field towards newer technologies. Innovative, state-of-the-art techniques like multiplex immunoassays and mass spectrometry can potentially investigate the entire proteome. By detecting up or down regulated proteins, novel biomarkers are identified and new postulates about the etiopathogenesis of BD are specified. Hence, biological pathways are uncovered which are involved in the initiation and advancement of the disease and new therapeutic targets are identified. In this manuscript, the extant literature is thoroughly reviewed and the latest findings on candidate BD biomarkers are provided, followed by an overview of the proteomic approaches. It was found that due to the heterogeneous nature of BD no single biomarker is feasible, instead a panel of tests is more likely to be useful. With the application of latest technologies, it is expected that validated biomarkers will be discovered which will be useful as diagnostic tools and help in the delivery of individually tailored therapies to the patients.
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Telomere Biology in Mood Disorders: An Updated, Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Ather Muneer,Fareed Aslam Minhas 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.3
Major psychiatric disorders are linked to early mortality and patients afflicted with these ailments demonstrate an increased risk of developing physical diseases that are characteristically seen in the elderly. Psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may be associated with accelerated cellular aging, indicated by shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which could underlie this connection. Telomere shortening occurs with repeated cell division and is reflective of a cell’s mitotic history. It is also influenced by cumulative exposure to inflammation and oxidative stress as well as the availability of telomerase, the telomere-lengthening enzyme. Precariously short telomeres can cause cells to undergo senescence, apoptosis or genomic instability; shorter LTL correlates with compromised general health and foretells mortality. Important data specify that LTL may be reduced in principal psychiatric illnesses, possibly in proportion to exposure to the ailment. Telomerase, as measured in peripheral blood monocytes, has been less well characterized in psychiatric illnesses, but a role in mood disorder has been suggested by preclinical and clinical studies. In this manuscript, the most recent studies on LTL and telomerase activity in mood disorders are comprehensively reviewed, potential mediators are discussed, and future directions are suggested. An enhanced comprehension of cellular aging in psychiatric illnesses could lead to their re-conceptualizing as systemic ailments with manifestations both inside and outside the brain. At the same time this paradigm shift could identify new treatment targets, helpful in bringing about lasting cures to innumerable sufferers across the globe.
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The Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: An Integrated Approach
Ather Muneer 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2016 전남의대학술지 Vol.52 No.1
Bipolar disorder is a heterogeneous condition with myriad clinical manifestations andmany comorbidities leading to severe disabilities in the biopsychosocial realm. The objectiveof this review article was to underline recent advances in knowledge regardingthe neurobiology of bipolar disorder. A further aim was to draw attention to new therapeutictargets in the treatment of bipolar disorder. To accomplish these goals, an electronicsearch was undertaken of the PubMed database in August 2015 of literature publishedduring the last 10 years on the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. A wide-rangingevaluation of the existing work was done with search terms such as “mood disordersand biology,” “bipolar disorder and HPA axis,” “bipolar disorder and cytokines,” “mooddisorders and circadian rhythm,” “bipolar disorder and oxidative stress,” etc. This endeavorshowed that bipolar disorder is a diverse condition sharing neurobiologicalmechanisms with major depressive disorder and psychotic spectrum disorders. Thereis convincing evidence of crosstalk between different biological systems that act in adeleterious manner causing expression of the disease in genetically predisposedindividuals. Inflammatory mediators act in concert with oxidative stress to dysregulatehormonal, metabolic, and circadian homeostasis in precipitating and perpetuating theillness. Stress, whether biologically or psychologically mediated, is responsible for theinitiation and progression of the diathesis. Bipolar spectrum disorders have a stronggenetic component; severe life stresses acting through various paths cause the illnessphenotype.
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Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Refractory Mood Disorders: A Case Series
Ather Muneer 대한정신약물학회 2014 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.12 No.2
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders are among the commonest neuropsychiatric conditions, affecting persons ofboth sexes which belong to all age groups. Comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception; anxiety spectrum disorders, somatoformdisorders, eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-exist with mood disorders. Catatonia is a seriouscomplication of the latter and every patient with a severe affective exacerbation should be assessed for the presence of catatonicsigns and symptoms. In a significant minority of patients, symptoms show treatment resistance; many patients experience severehopelessness and suicidal ideation, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality in afflicted individuals. Pharmacological managementis challenging and currently available psychotropic agents often fall short of inducing remission. Second generationantipsychotics have been shown in a number of studies as having an antidepressant and mood stabilizing effect. Aripiprazoleis a novel antipsychotic which is being increasingly used in difficult to treat mood disorders patients. Several controlled anduncontrolled studies have shown the efficacy and safety of this medication in subjects of all ages. Here a case series of threepatients is presented who suffered from refractory mood disorders but responded to aripiprazole with complete remission ofaffective symptoms.
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Bipolar Disorder: Role of Inflammation and the Development of Disease Biomarkers
Ather Muneer 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.1
Bipolar disorder is a severe and enduring psychiatric condition which in many cases starts during early adulthood and follows a relapsing and remitting course throughout life. In many patients the disease follows a progressive path with brief periods of inter-episode recovery, sub-threshold symptoms, treatment resistance and increasing functional impairment in the biopsychosocial domains. Knowledge about the neurobiology of bipolar disorder is increasing steadily and evidence from several lines of research implicates immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in the brain and periphery in the etiopathogenesis of this illness and its comorbidities. The main findings are an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines during acute episodes with a decrease in neurotrophic support. Related to these factors are glial cell dysfunction, neuro-endocrine abnormalities and neurotransmitter aberrations which together cause plastic changes in the mood regulating areas of the brain and neuroprogression of the bipolar diathesis. Research in the above mentioned areas is providing an opportunity to discover novel biomarkers for the disease and the field is reaching a point where major breakthroughs can be expected in the not too distant future. It is hoped that with new discoveries fresh avenues will be found to better treat an otherwise recalcitrant disease.
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Staging Models in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Ather Muneer 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.2
Bipolar disorder is manifested as severe dysregulation of mood with recurrent manic and major depressive episodes. It is associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities, inadequate response to currently available pharmacological agents and a progressively deteriorating course in many patients. The index episode is often depressive in nature, while the first manic or hypomanic episode may occur several years later in the course of the disorder causing delay in diagnosis and use of inappropriate treatment strategies. Staging has been used to great advantage in other branches of medicine like cardiology and oncology. There is growing realization that major mental disorders are fundamentally progressive, with simpler treatment requirements and better prognosis during initial stages of the illness. Defining these conditions into clinically applicable stages not only helps in better understanding the trajectory of a particular disorder, but also assists in management. Patients with a chronic, recalcitrant condition like bipolar disorder are likely to greatly benefit from this approach. If the illness is correctly identified early in its course, proper treatment can be instigated arresting progression to latter phases which are associated with myriad complications in the biopsychosocial realm. With these considerations, a search of the MEDLINE data base was conducted to seek out literature pertaining to staging models in bipolar disorder. A thorough scrutiny of the existing research work revealed that a number of investigators have endeavored to stage define bipolar disorder. This paper outlines staging proposals for bipolar disorder which have the greatest supporting evidence in the literature.
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