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Quantitative Analyses of Esophageal Cancer Research in Pakistan
Qureshi, Muhammad Asif,Khan, Saeed,Ujjan, Ikram Din,Iqbal, Asif,Khan, Ramsha,Khan, Bilal Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7
Background: Health-care research is a neglected discipline in Pakistan and research related to esophageal cancer (ranks 9th in Pakistani males and 5th in females) is no exception in this regard. Particularly, there are no data available to delineate the overall status of esophageal cancer epidemiological studies in Pakistan. This study describes the first ever effort to make a systematic quantification, in an attempt to provide a road-map to all stakeholders for designing appropriate epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Materials and Methods: International (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge) and local (PakMedinet) scientific databases as well as Google search engine were searched using specified keywords to extract relevant publication. Well-defined inclusion criteria were implemented to select publications for final analyses. All data were recorded by at least 3 authors and consensus data were entered into and analyzed for descriptive statistics (such as frequencies, percentages and annual growth rates) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Results: A total of 79 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria including 20 publications for which full texts were not available. Of the 79 publications, 59 (74.6%) were original/research publications, 5 (6.3%) were case reports, 4 (5.1%) were research communications, 2 (2.5%) were review articles, 1 was (1.2%) correspondence and 8 (10.1%) were undefined categories. Only 13 (<20%) cities of Pakistan contributed towards the 79 publications. On average, only 1.9 relevant publications/year were published from 1976 (year of first publication) to the present. Alarmingly, a decline in the annual growth at -4.1% was recorded in the last six years. Conclusions: Esophageal cancer research is largely unfathomed in Pakistan. Urgent/dramatic steps are required by all concerned to address this common (and under reported) cancer of Pakistan.
Quantum Chemical Designing of Novel Organic Non-Linear Optical Compounds
Asif Mahmood,Muhammad Imran Abdullah,Muhammad Faizan Nazar 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5
In the present study, ten metal free non-linear optical (NLO) compounds have been designed. These compounds have designed by structural modification of (2-cyano-5-(4-(phenyl(4-vinylphenyl)amino)phenyl) penta-2,4-dienoic acid (TC4). Density functional theory was used for structure optimization and determination of photo-physical properties. These compounds contain triphenylamine as electron-donor and cyanoacrylic acid as acceptor. Five π-spacers are used to connect the donor and acceptor. Two auxiliary donors are also used to assist the donor. Results of this study indicate that stronger electron-donating auxiliary groups and longer π- conjugation enhance NLO response. Major absorption peaks of all systems were in the visible region. These absorption peaks are associated with the π-π* transitions of the entire molecule. From calculations it is clear that all system will be good NLO material. The present calculations will provide new ways for experimentalists to synthesize high-performance NLO material.
Data Augmentation and Deep Learning for the Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machines
Asif Khan,Heung Soo Kim 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11
This work proposes the use synthetic data augmentation through virtual sensors for deep learning-based fault diagnosis of a rotating machines. The process of data augmentation employed the concept coordinate transformation to define new signals in terms of the actual proximity probes. The effectiveness of the proposed data augmentation is demonstrated by comparing the results of the original and augmented data in terms of learning curves and confusion matrices while processing the data in a transfer learning framework and through a deep learning model from scratch. The 2-dimensional visualization of the feature space from the original and augmented data through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) provided a visual insight into the effectiveness of the data augmentation. The obtained results show that the fault diagnosis (detection, isolation, quantification) accuracies and generalizability of the deep learning models have significantly improved after data augmentation through virtual sensors.
Asif Mahmood,Mudassir HussainTahir,Ahmad Irfan,Bilal Khalid,Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11
In this paper, we present the design of five new derivatives of triphenylamine dyes with variable thiophene rings (0–5) and shed light on their electrooptical and charge-injection properties. Computational techniques are used to study the effect of the thiophene moieties on the properties of interest, i.e., how the number of thiophene rings in π-conjugated systems influence the absorption spectra and electron injection of the dyes. The results show that the absorption spectra gradually became broad and red-shifted (384–542 nm) with the number of thiophene units. The effect of thiophene units on the performance of sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells is also determined. During theoretical examination, the electron injection efficiency (Φinject) and light harvesting efficiency (LHE) are determined. Results indicate that the selection of appropriate lengths of conjugated bridges in the dye sensitizer is very important in designing high-efficiency dyes.
Asif Ahmed,조용서,Munikumar Reddy Doddareddy,Shanthi Nagarajan,배애님 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.6
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C (5-HT_(2C)) receptor belongs to class A amine subfamily of Gprotein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super family and its ligands has therapeutic promise as anti-depressant and -obesity agents. So far, bovine rhodopsin from class A opsin subfamily was the mostly used X-ray crystal template to model this receptor. Here, we explained homology model using beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR),the model was energetically minimized and validated by flexible ligand docking with known agonists and antagonists. In the active site Asp134, Ser138 of transmembrane 3 (TM3), Arg195 of extracellular loop 2(ECL2) and Tyr358 of TM7 were found as important residues to interact with agonists. In addition to these,V208 of ECL2 and N351 of TM7 was found to interact with antagonists. Several conserved residues including Trp324, Phe327 and Phe328 were also found to contribute hydrophobic interaction. The predicted ligand binding mode is in good agreement with published mutagenesis and homology model data. This new template derived homology model can be useful for further virtual screening based lead identification.
FROM DETERRENCE AND COERCIVE DIPLOMACY TO WAR - THE 1971 CRISIS IN SOUTH ASIA
ASIF SIDDIQUI 서울대학교 국제학연구소 1997 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.4 No.1
This study will try to demarcate the reasons for India and Pakistan shifting from policies of coercive diplomacy and deterrence respectively to one of war. The research puzzle that this essay examines is: Why did two countries that were trying to avoid a war in the early part of 1971 engage in full-scale military hostilities before the year was over? Indirectly, this essay also sheds light on another puzzle: Why did the Pakistani leadership, which perceived that it was unlikely to defeat India in war, launch an attack from its western wing on December 3, 1971? The position taken in this study is that the cost/benefit analysis for each country shifted in fervor of war because of the strategic interaction between the two over the course of 1971.In sum, this essay adds to the body of literature elucidating reasons coercive diplomacy and deterrence can fail.
Comparative Analysis of Wind Power Energy Potential at Two Coastal Locations in Bangladesh
Asif Islam,Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman,Mohammad Shariful Islam,Satya Sundar Bhattacharya,김기현 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.4
In this study, wind conditions and its energy potential have been assessed by conducting a Weibull analysis of the wind speed data (over the period of 2002-2011) measured from a port city (Mongla) and an isolated island (Sandwip) in Bangladesh. The monthly mean wind speed at Mongla ranged from 1.60 m/s (December) to 2.47 m/s (April). The monthly values of Weibull shape parameter (k) were from 1.27 to 2.53. In addition, the values of the scale parameter (c) and the monthly wind power density ranged from 1.76 to 2.79 m/s and 3.95 to 17.45 W/ m2, respectively. The seasonal mean wind speed data varied from 1.72 (fall) to 2.29 m/s (spring) with the wind power density from 5.33 (fall) to 14.26 W/ m2 (spring). In the case of Sandwip, the results were comparable to those of Mongla, but moderate reductions in all the comparable variables were observed. The wind data results of these two areas have been compared with those of eight other locations in the world with respect to wind power generation scale. According to this comparison, the wind power generation scale for Mongla and Sandwip was adequate for stand-alone small/micro-scale applications such as local household consumption, solar-wind hybrid irrigation pumps, and battery charging.