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Comparative Analysis of Wind Power Energy Potential at Two Coastal Locations in Bangladesh
Asif Islam,Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman,Mohammad Shariful Islam,Satya Sundar Bhattacharya,김기현 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.4
In this study, wind conditions and its energy potential have been assessed by conducting a Weibull analysis of the wind speed data (over the period of 2002-2011) measured from a port city (Mongla) and an isolated island (Sandwip) in Bangladesh. The monthly mean wind speed at Mongla ranged from 1.60 m/s (December) to 2.47 m/s (April). The monthly values of Weibull shape parameter (k) were from 1.27 to 2.53. In addition, the values of the scale parameter (c) and the monthly wind power density ranged from 1.76 to 2.79 m/s and 3.95 to 17.45 W/ m2, respectively. The seasonal mean wind speed data varied from 1.72 (fall) to 2.29 m/s (spring) with the wind power density from 5.33 (fall) to 14.26 W/ m2 (spring). In the case of Sandwip, the results were comparable to those of Mongla, but moderate reductions in all the comparable variables were observed. The wind data results of these two areas have been compared with those of eight other locations in the world with respect to wind power generation scale. According to this comparison, the wind power generation scale for Mongla and Sandwip was adequate for stand-alone small/micro-scale applications such as local household consumption, solar-wind hybrid irrigation pumps, and battery charging.
Cadmium solubility and bioavailability in soils amended with acidic and neutral biochar
Qi, Fangjie,Lamb, Dane,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Yan, Yubo,Ok, Yong Sik,Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur,Choppala, Girish Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.610 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was designed to investigate the effects of acidic and neutral biochars on solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soils with contrasting properties. Four Cd contaminated (50mg/kg) soils (EN: Entisol, AL: Andisol, VE: Vertisol, IN: Inceptisol) were amended with 5% acidic wood shaving biochar (WS, pH=3.25) and neutral chicken litter biochar (CL, pH=7.00). Following a 140-day incubation, the solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) were assessed. Results showed that both biochars had no effect on reducing soluble (pore water) and bioavailable (CaCl<SUB>2</SUB> extractable) Cd for higher sorption capacity soils (AL, IN) while CL biochar reduced those in lower sorption capacity soils (EN, VE) by around 50%. Bioaccessibility of Cd to the human gastric phase (physiologically based extraction test (PBET) extractable) was not altered by the acidic WS biochar but reduced by neutral CL biochar by 18.8%, 29.7%, 18.0% and 8.82% for soil AL, EN, IN and VE, respectively. Both biochars reduced soluble Cd under acidic conditions (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable) significantly in all soils. Pore water pH was the governing factor of Cd solubility among soils. The reduction of Cd solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility by CL biochar may be due to surface complexation while the reduced mobility of Cd under acidic conditions (TCLP) by both biochars may result from the redistribution of Cd to less bioavailable soil solid fractions. Hence, if only leaching mitigation of Cd under acidic conditions is required, application of low pH biochars (e.g., WS biochar) may be valuable.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The acidic biochar did not reduce soil soluble/bioavailable/bioaccessible Cd. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced soluble/bioavailable Cd of low sorption capacity soils. </LI> <LI> The neutral biochar reduced bioaccessible Cd of the four studied soils. </LI> <LI> Both acidic and neutral biochars reduced Cd mobility under acidic conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>