Characterization of Post-Rainy Season Grown Indigenous and Exotic Germplasm Lines of Sorghum for Morphological and Yield Traits

( Ashok Badigannavar ),( Ashok Kumar ),( G. Girish ),( T. R. Ganapathi ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.2

Sorghum is a major staple crop and vital for the marginal farmers in Asian and African countries. Landraces or germplasm lines adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses are the prime source of adaptive traits in the crop breeding programs. In order to assess the genetic variability, 141 exotic germplasm lines and 36 popular varieties were evaluated for eight agro-morphological traits. Wide range of values were observed for grain yield (6.6-124.4 g/plant), seed index (1.5-7.1 g/100 seeds), panicle length (8-44 cm) and panicle width (7.25 cm). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for grain yield per plant. The values of broad sense heritability in the sorghum core population ranged from 0.75 to 0.99. Seed weight, days to flowering, panicle width and leaf area were significantly correlated with grain yield (P ≤ 0.01). Seed weight was positively correlated with panicle width (correlation coefficient 0.31), while negatively correlated with panicle length (correlation coefficient -0.15). Cluster analysis resolved all the genotypes into four major clusters. Among germplasm lines, TSG-313 had high seed weight of 7.05 g/100 seeds, while TSG-325 had highest grain yield of 124.4 g/plant as against control variety. Germplasm lines with high heritability scores would help us to utilise them in recombination breeding.

Cell death in culture: Molecular mechanisms, detections, and inhibition strategies

Anandrao Ashok Patil,Sachin Ashok Bhor,Won Jong Rhee 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-

Mammalian cell cultures are widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry to produce monoclonalantibodies, vaccines, growth factors, etc. Cell death is an essential biological process for physiologicalgrowth and development, but it is a major problem in biopharmaceutical production in bio-industry. Celldeath within bioreactor occurs due to various intracellular and extracellular stresses. These stressesnegatively affect the culture longevity, overall product quality, and yield. Among all cell death types,apoptosis accounts for most of the cellular death in the bioreactor. The implementation and developmentof various strategies to prevent the cellular death are crucial for robust bioprocess development. Celldeath during culture can be prevented or inhibited by supplementing media with specific chemicals,synthetic inhibitors, and genetic cell engineering approaches. In this review, we classified and describeddifferent types of cell death and their molecular mechanisms and summarized the cell death inhibitionapproaches implemented to inhibit cell death for various applications.

Right Atrial Paraganglioma: An Extremely Rare Primary Cardiac Neoplasm Mimicking Myxoma

Ashok Garg,Deepika Mishra,Manish Bansal,Hari Ram Maharia,Vikram Goyal 한국심초음파학회 2016 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.24 No.4

In this report, we present a case of 35-year-old lady who had presented with atypical chest pain and exertional breathlessness forpast six months. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms showed a well-circumscribed, echo-dense mass in the rightatrium, attached to the interatrial septum at the level of atrioventricular junction and in the vicinity of coronary sinus ostium. Sheunderwent successful resection of the cardiac mass. Histopathology revealed paraganglioma, which was reconfirmed by immunohistochemistrystudy. This represents an extremely rare presentation as primary cardiac tumors are 20-times less common thanmetastatic tumors and paraganglioma is one of the rarest primary cardiac tumors, accounting for < 1% of all cases.

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Perplexing Clinical Entity

Ashok Shah,Chandramani Panjabi 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.4

In susceptible individuals, inhalation of Aspergillus spores can affect the respiratory tract in many ways. These spores get trapped in the viscid sputum of asthmatic subjects which triggers a cascade of inflammatory reactions that can result in Aspergillus-induced asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis (AAS). An immunologically mediated disease, ABPA, occurs predominantly in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). A set of criteria, which is still evolving, is required for diagnosis. Imaging plays a compelling role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Demonstration of central bronchiectasis with normal tapering bronchi is still considered pathognomonic in patients without CF. Elevated serum IgE levels and Aspergillus-specific IgE and/or IgG are also vital for the diagnosis. Mucoid impaction occurring in the paranasal sinuses results in AAS, which also requires a set of diagnostic criteria. Demonstration of fungal elements in sinus material is the hallmark of AAS. In spite of similar histopathologic features, co-existence of ABPA and AAS is still uncommon. Oral corticosteroids continue to be the mainstay of management of allergic aspergillosis. Antifungal agents play an adjunctive role in ABPA as they help reduce the fungal load. Saprophytic colonization in cavitary ABPA may lead to aspergilloma formation, which could increase the severity of the disease. The presence of ABPA, AAS, and aspergilloma in the same patient has also been documented. All patients with Aspergillus-sensitized asthma must be screened for ABPA, and AAS should always be looked for.

Anti-Inflammatory Potency of Nano-Formulated Puerarin and Curcumin in Rats Subjected to the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

Ashok K. Singh,Yin Jiang,Shveta Gupta,Mohamod Younus,Mohamod Ramzan 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.10

Puerarin (PU) and curcumin (CU), used commonly in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and neuro-protective properties. Despite the experimental success of CU and PU in in vitro and animal models, their effectiveness has not yet been demonstrated in clinical trials, possibly because of their poor bioavailability. We hypothesized that gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-formulated PU (PU-AuNP), CU (CUAuNP), or a combination of PU and CU (PU-CU-AuNP) were a more effective and nontoxic alternative to their bulk (nonformulated) counterparts. To test the hypothesis, bioavailability, therapeutic potency, and toxicity of bulk CU and/or PU were compared with those of their nanotized counterparts in rats subjected to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. This study showed that a 20-mg/kg dose of bulk PU or a mixture of PU and CU did not, while their nanotized counterparts, PU-AuNP, CU-AuNP, or PU-CU-AuNP, effectively suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in rats. In addition, PU-CU-AuNP was more potent than PU-AuNP or CU-AuNP alone. The blank AuNP (bAuNP) at £ 40 mg/kg dose did not cause any adverse effects (blood and brain lactic acid concentrations, kidney function, and neuronal apoptosis were measured) in animals. Therefore, the present observations suggest that a bi-functional AuNP loaded with CU and PU may effectively suppress the LPS-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity provided the following conditions are met: (1) The AuNP dose is at or below the no-effect dose; (2) the nanoparticles release a therapeutic dose of CU and PU in vivo; and (3) the active ingredients are released into the intracellular component of the brain.

Feedback control strategies for active control of noise inside a 3-D vibro-acoustic cavity

Ashok K. Bagha,Subodh V. Modak 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.20 No.3

This paper presents and compares three feedback control strategies for active control of noise inside a 3-D vibro-acoustic cavity. These are a) control strategy based on direct output feedback (DOFB) b) control strategy based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to reduce structural vibrations and c) LQR control strategy with a weighting scheme based on structural-acoustic coupling coefficients. The first two strategies are indirect control strategies in which noise reduction is achieved through active vibration control (AVC), termed as AVC-DOFB and AVC-LQR respectively. The third direct strategy is based on active structural-acoustic control (ASAC). This strategy is an LQR based optimal control strategy in which the coupling between the various structural and the acoustic modes is used to design the controller. The strategy is termed as ASAC-LQR. A numerical model of a 3-D rectangular box cavity with a flexible plate (glued with piezoelectric patches) and with other five surfaces treated rigid is developed using finite element (FE) method. A single pair of collocated piezoelectric patches is used for sensing the vibrations and applying control forces on the structure. A comparison of frequency response function (FRF) of structural nodal acceleration, acoustic nodal pressure, and piezoelectric actuation voltage is carried out. It is found that the AVC-DOFB control strategy gives equal importance to all the modes. The AVC-LQR control strategy tries to consume the control effort to damp all the structural modes. It is seen that the ASAC-LQR control strategy utilizes the control effort more intelligently by adding higher damping to those structural modes that matter more for reducing the interior noise.

Herbal Mixtures Consisting of Puerarin and Either Polyenylphosphatidylcholine or Curcumin Provide Comprehensive Protection

Ashok K. Singh,Elhabib Benlhabib,Shveta Gupta,Yin Jiang 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.3

Strength and durability study on cement mortar containing nano materials

Ashok, M.,Parande, A.K.,Jayabalan, P. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in nano research Vol.5 No.2

Nano particles have been gaining increasing attention and applied in many fields to fabricate new materials with novel functions due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the present study two nano materials, namely nano silica (NS) and nano clay metakaolin (NMK) were partially replaced with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The replacement level was varied from 0.5 to 2.0% in OPC and blended in cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 0.40. Mechanical property studies and durability experiments such as compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, depth of chloride penetration test. Nano silica was synthesized from rice husk ash and analyze the size using particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the compressive and tensile strength of the cement mortars containing nano materials were higher strength compared to the plain mortar with the same water cement ratio.

The Outcome and Complications of the Locked Plating Management for the Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures after a Total Knee Arthroplasty

Ashok S Gavaskar,Naveen Chowdary Tummala,Muthukumar Subramanian 대한정형외과학회 2013 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.5 No.2

Background: The osteosynthesis of the periprosthetic fractures following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be technically difficult with the relatively small satisfactory outcomes and the high complication rates. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mid-term radiological and functional outcomes following the locked plating of the distal femur periprosthetic fractures after a TKA. Methods: Records of 20 patients with a periprosthetic distal femur fracture following TKA treated by the locked plate osteosynthesis were retrospectively evaluated. The union rate, complications and functional outcome measures were analyzed. Results: Successful union was achieved in 18 of the 19 patients available for the follow-up. The mean follow-up was 39 ± 10 months. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the range of motion and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were evident in the follow-up. Secondary procedures were required in 5 patients to address the delay in union and the reduced knee range of motion. The osteosynthesis failed in 1 patient who underwent a revision TKA. Conclusions: The satisfactory union rates can be achieved with the locked plate osteosynthesis in the periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA. Prolonged rehabilitation coupled with the un-modifiable risk factors can decrease the activity and satisfaction levels, which can significantly alter the functional outcome.

Exploring LULC changes in Pakhal Lake area, Telangana, India using QGIS MOLUSCE plugin

Ashok Amgoth,Hari Ponnamma Rani,K. V. Jayakumar 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4

Dynamic processes such as environmental, economic, and social factors influence land use and land cover (LULC) changes, with temporal and spatial variations. This study aims to identify changes in LULC and predict future trends in the Pakhal Lake area in Peninsular India. Satellite images for the years from 2016 to 2022 were used for LULC classification using deep learning with Sentinel − 2 imagery in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Dynamic World dataset is used to classify the LULC changes of the study area with a 10 m near-real-time dataset. Images were classified based on six different LULC classes, namely water, vegetation, flooded vegetation, agriculture, built-up area, and bare land. The Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network (CA − ANN) technique was used to predict LULC changes. QGIS plugin MOLUSCE with Multi-Layer Perception (MLP), was used to predict and determine potential LULC changes for 2025 and 2028. The overall Kappa coefficient value of 0.78, and an accuracy of 82% indicated good results for LULC changes and projected maps for 2025. Prediction of LULC changes using MLP − ANN for the years 2025 and 2028 showed increase in agriculture, built-up areas, and barren land. The results of the study will be useful to develop better management techniques of natural resources.