Do Industry 4.0 & Technology Affect Carbon Emission: Analyse with the STIRPAT Model?

Asha SHARMA Korea Fourth Industrial Association 2023 Fourth industrial review Vol.3 No.2

Purpose - The main purpose of the paper is to examine the variables affecting carbon emissions in different nations around the world. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure its impact on carbon emissions, secondary data has data of the top 50 Countries have been taken. The stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model have been used to quantify the factors that affect carbon emissions. A modified version using Industry 4.0 and region in fundamental STIRPAT model has been applied with the ordinary least square approach. The outcome has been measured using both the basic and extended STIRPAT models. Result - Technology found a positive determinant as well as statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.001models indicating that technological innovation helps reduce carbon emissions. In total, 4 models have been derived to test the best fit and find the highest explaining capacity of variance. Model 3 is found best fit in explanatory power with the highest adjusted R2 (97.95%). Conclusion - It can be concluded that the selected explanatory variables population and Industry 4.0 are found important indicators and causal factors for carbon emission and found constant with all four models for total CO2 and Co2 per capita.

Do Industry 4.0 & Technology Affect Carbon Emission: Analyse with the STIRPAT Model?

Asha SHARMA 한국4차산업학회 2023 4차산업연구 Vol.3 No.2

Purpose - The main purpose of the paper is to examine the variables affecting carbon emissions in different nations around the world. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure its impact on carbon emissions, secondary data has data of the top 50 Countries have been taken. The stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model have been used to quantify the factors that affect carbon emissions. A modified version using Industry 4.0 and region in fundamental STIRPAT model has been applied with the ordinary least square approach. The outcome has been measured using both the basic and extended STIRPAT models. Result - Technology found a positive determinant as well as statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.001models indicating that technological innovation helps reduce carbon emissions. In total, 4 models have been derived to test the best fit and find the highest explaining capacity of variance. Model 3 is found best fit in explanatory power with the highest adjusted R2 (97.95%). Conclusion - It can be concluded that the selected explanatory variables population and Industry 4.0 are found important indicators and causal factors for carbon emission and found constant with all four models for total CO2 and Co2 per capita.

Impact of Population on Economic Development: Evidence from India

Asha SHARMA 한국유통과학회 2023 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to find the association between the population and the GDP of India and whether the population has any impact on economic development and growth or not. It aims to find out the impact of the increase in population on economic development. Research design, data, and methodology: Gross domestic product, national income, gross saving, per capita income, and capital formation of the last six years have been taken as the major variable to measure economic growth. For the study, data were collected from the fiscal years 2014–15 through 2020–21. Statistical techniques like correlation and regression have been applied to test the hypotheses. The neural network has been applied to find the fitness of the model. Results: In India, there is no significant relationship has been found between GDP and population. It is found that there is no significant impact of population on economic development. Conclusion: The population is not affecting economic growth-; therefore, it can be said that India is overpopulated. More population is the means as well as the end of economic development. The problem of population explosion in India has proved to be a big hindrance to the success of economic planning and development.

Navigating the Transformative Landscape of Virtual Education Trends across India

Asha SHARMA,Aditya MISHRA2 한국유통과학회 2024 4차산업연구 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: Education is the part of a fundamental human right across the world. In recent years, the trend of virtual education has increased tremendously. The paper aims to find the impact of adoption, accessibility, interactions, knowledge, and satisfaction on the success of transformation towards virtual education. Research design, data and methodology: Primary data has been gathered through the use of responses from students taking admission in virtual higher education to standardized questionnaires. Of the 250, only 122 were considered complete and have been used in further studies. Convinced random sampling method has been used. The results were evaluated using the Likert Five-Point Scale. For applying these statistical tools software SmartPLS and SPSS 19 have been used. The fitness of the model has been re-checked through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Result: Results derived that adoption, accessibility, and interactions have a significant impact on knowledge, knowledge influences satisfaction level and satisfaction have a meaningful impact on the success of transformation towards virtual education. Conclusion: It can be concluded that virtual education has the potential to change the future of the education system and its potential in India. The highest importance is due to satisfaction (100%), adoption (98.7%), knowledge (91.4%), accessibility (62%), and interaction (29.2%).

Navigating the Transformative Landscape of Virtual Education Trends across India

Asha SHARMA,Aditya MISHRA Korea Fourth Industrial Association 2024 Fourth industrial review Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: Education is the part of a fundamental human right across the world. In recent years, the trend of virtual education has increased tremendously. The paper aims to find the impact of adoption, accessibility, interactions, knowledge, and satisfaction on the success of transformation towards virtual education. Research design, data and methodology: Primary data has been gathered through the use of responses from students taking admission in virtual higher education to standardized questionnaires. Of the 250, only 122 were considered complete and have been used in further studies. Convinced random sampling method has been used. The results were evaluated using the Likert Five-Point Scale. For applying these statistical tools software SmartPLS and SPSS 19 have been used. The fitness of the model has been re-checked through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Result: Results derived that adoption, accessibility, and interactions have a significant impact on knowledge, knowledge influences satisfaction level and satisfaction have a meaningful impact on the success of transformation towards virtual education. Conclusion: It can be concluded that virtual education has the potential to change the future of the education system and its potential in India. The highest importance is due to satisfaction (100%), adoption (98.7%), knowledge (91.4%), accessibility (62%), and interaction (29.2%).

Impact of Population on Economic Development: Evidence from India

Asha SHARMA Korea Distribution Science Association 2023 Asian journal of business environment Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to find the association between the population and the GDP of India and whether the population has any impact on economic development and growth or not. It aims to find out the impact of the increase in population on economic development. Research design, data, and methodology: Gross domestic product, national income, gross saving, per capita income, and capital formation of the last six years have been taken as the major variable to measure economic growth. For the study, data were collected from the fiscal years 2014-15 through 2020-21. Statistical techniques like correlation and regression have been applied to test the hypotheses. The neural network has been applied to find the fitness of the model. Results: In India, there is no significant relationship has been found between GDP and population. It is found that there is no significant impact of population on economic development. Conclusion: The population is not affecting economic growth-; therefore, it can be said that India is overpopulated. More population is the means as well as the end of economic development. The problem of population explosion in India has proved to be a big hindrance to the success of economic planning and development.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Zirconium (IV) Complexes

Sharma, Shobhana,Jain, Asha,Saxena, Sanjiv Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.4

Heteroleptic complexes of zirconium (IV) derived from bulky Schiff base ligands containing a sulphur atom and oximes of heterocyclic ${\beta}$-diketones of the general formula ZrLL' (where $LH_2=RCNH(C_6H_4)SC:C(OH)N(C_6H_5)N:CCH_3$, $R=-C_6H_5$, $-C_6H_4Cl(p)$ and $L^{\prime}H_2=R^{\prime}C:(NOH)C:C(OH)N(C_6H_5)N:CCH_3$, $R^{\prime}=-CH_2CH_3$, $-C_6H_5$, $-C_6H_4Cl(p)$ were prepared by the reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with disodium salts of Schiff bases ($L\;Na_2$) and oximes of heterocyclic ${\beta}$-diketones ($L^{\prime}\;Na_2$) in 1:1:1 molar ratio in dry refluxing THF. The structures of these monomeric zirconium (IV) complexes were elucidated with the help of elemental analysis, molecular weight measurements, spectroscopic (IR, NMR and mass) studies. A distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry may be suggested for these heteroleptic zirconium (IV) complexes. The ligands (bulky Schiff base ligands containing a sulphur atom and oximes of heterocyclic ${\beta}$-diketones) and their heteroleptic complexes of zirconium (IV) were screened against A. flavus, P. aeruginesa and E. coli.

Pseudoxanthomonas icgebensis sp. nov., Isolated from the Midgut of Anopheles stephensi Field-Collected Larvae

Asha Rani,Anil Sharma,Tridibes Adak,Raj K. Bhatnagar 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.5

A Gram-negative, aerobic, golden yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, a strain designated ICGEB-L15T, was isolated from the larval midgut of Anopheles stephensi captured in District Jhajjar, Haryana, India. The strain ICGEB-L15T grows at 30-50°C (optimum 30-37°C), pH 6.5-8.5 (optimum 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 2% NaCl. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (22.5% of total fatty acid), anteiso-C15:0 (16.5%), iso-C17:1ω9c (10.3%), iso-C16:0 (7.3%), C16:0 (6.1%), and iso-C11:0 (5.3%). The strain showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains Pseudoxanthomonas daejeonensis KCTC 12207T (97.4%), Pseudoxanthomonas kaohsiungensis J36T (97.17%), and Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana AMX 26BT (97.11%). The DNA relatedness between ICGEB-L15T and Pseudoxanthomonas daejeonensis KCTC 12207T, Pseudoxanthomonas kaohsiungensis J36T and Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana AMX 26BT was 24.5%, 28.2%, and 33.6%, respectively. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 69.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain ICGEB-L15T was Q-8. The strain ICGEB-L15T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas based on physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic properties; therefore, the name Pseudoxanthomonas icgebensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ICGEB-L15T (=KACC 14090T =DSM 22536T).

Fecal Evacuation Disorder Among Patients With Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: A Case-control Study

( Atul Sharma ),( Asha Misra ),( Uday C Ghoshal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims Data on frequency of fecal evacuation disorder (FED) among patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS), hitherto an enigmatic condition, are scanty. Moreover, most such studies had limitations due to small sample size and lack of inclusion of healthy controls (HC). Methods Forty patients with SRUS underwent symptom assessments, sigmoidoscopy, anorectal manometry, defecography, balloon expulsion test (BET); endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) of anal sphincter complex was performed in a subgroup. Physiological tests (anorectal manometry and BET) were also performed in 19 HC. Results Patients with SRUS (26/40 male, age 37 [18-80] years) more often had FED than HC (10/19 male, age 43 [25-72] years) as shown by weight needed to expel the balloon (300 [0-700] g vs. 100 [0-400] g; P = 0.006), a trend towards abnormal BET (need of > 200 g weight for expulsion) (21/40 [53%] vs. 5/19 [26%], P = 0.058) and impaired anal relaxation (14/40 [35%] vs 2/19 [10.5%]; P = 0.048). Using Rome III criteria, most patients with SRUS reported having chronic constipation (36/40 [90%]) in spite of having normal (Bristol stool type IV, 21/40 [53%]) and diarrheal (types V, VI, VII, 6/40 [20%]) stool forms (Asian classification). SRUS patients more often (17/40 [43%]) had functional defecation disorder (Rome III criteria). Patients with SRUS with abnormal BET had thicker internal anal sphincter than those without (3.9 [3.4-7.0] mm vs 2.8 [2.0-4.0] mm; P = 0.01). Conclusions FED was commoner among patients with SRUS as evidenced by abnormal BET and sphincter relaxation. Those with abnormal BET had thicker internal sphincter on EUS than those without.

Recent trends in biosensors

말호트라,Rahul Singhal,Asha Chaubey,Sandeep K. Sharma,Ashok Kumar 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.2

Rapid advances in biosensors have recently been reported. This has been possible due to rapid growth in the development of newbiomaterials such as conducting polymers, copolymers and sol gels etc and the reported improvements in sensing techniques. Bio-sensors are miniaturized devices employing biochemical molecular recognition as the basis for a selective analysis. The response gen-erated as a result of biochemical reaction is detected by a transducer to give a signal (optical/electrical/thermal) that can be used withor without amplication for the estimation of the concentration of an analyte in a given test sample. Among the various biosensors,electrochemical sensors, especially amperometric biosensors presently hold a leading position.Due to specicity, portability, simplicity, high sensitivity, potential ability for real-time and on-site analysis coupled with thespeed and low cost, biosensors have been projected to have applications in food analysis, environment control, clinical detection,drug and agriculture industries etc. Besides this, biosensors oer exciting opportunities for numerous decentralized clinical applica-tions, ranging from emergency room screening, home self testing and alternative site testing, continuous and real-time in vivo mon-itoring. New generation of biosensors combining new bioreceptors with the ever-growing number of transducers is emerging. Thepresent paper highlights some of the recent advances in the area of biosensors contributed by our laboratory..