http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shin, Areum,Lee, Eunjung,Kim, Jin-Kyoung,Bang, Jeong-Kyu,Kim, Yangmee Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.9
The 43-residue defensin-like peptide coprisin, which is isolated from dung bettle, Copris tripartitus, is a potent antimicrobial peptide. In our previous work, we determined the tertiary structure of coprisin and found that alpha helical region of coprisin from residue 19 to residue 30 is important for its antimicrobial activities. Here, we designed cop12mer and cop9mer analogs of coprisin based on the tertiary structure of coprisin. To investigate the relationship between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial activities and develop the potent peptide antibiotics, we designed cop9mer-1 with substitution of $His^2$ with Trp in cop9mer. The results showed that cop9mer-1 has higher toxicities as well as improved antimicrobial activities compared to cop9mer. In order to reduce the toxicity of cop9mer-1, we designed cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys or Ser. Substitution of $Cys^3$ with these hydrophilic amino acids results in lower cytotoxicities compared to cop9mer-1. Cop9mer-2 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys in Cop9mer-1 showed high antibacterial activities against drug resistant bacteria without cytotoxicity. Antibiotic action of cop9mer-1 analog appears to involve permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane while cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 may have different mechanism of action. These results imply that that optimum balance in hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in these 9-meric peptides plays key roles in their antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicities.
Shin, Areum,Kim, Kisong Korean Society of Integrative Medicine 2019 대한통합의학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Purpose : This study aims to investigate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary and accessory muscle during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT). Methods : The Borg's scale and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data of the RPE and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary the external intercostal (EI) and diaphragm (DIA) and accessory muscles anterior scalene (AS), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters (6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm) of the IMT in healthy young male subjects. Results : The RPE and muscle activities of the AS, SCM, and UT are increased significantly in accordance to the decreasing diameter of air hole of air tip in IMT. However, there are no differences in the muscle activities of the PM, EI, and DIA based on differences of diameters of air hole of air tip in IMT. Conclusion : The smaller the diametr of IMT air-hole, RPE and muscle activities of AS, SCM and UT were increased. Therefore, further study would be necessary to investigate the proper intensity and relaxation posture for the exercise protocol to strengthen the inspiratory primary muscles.
Areum Shin,Jun Chul Byun,Su-Kyeong Hwang,Soonhak Kwon,Yun Jeong Lee 대한소아신경학회 2021 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Purpose: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors of epilepsy in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) at a tertiary center. Methods: The medical records of 103 children diagnosed with NF1 from February 2009 to July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic features, NF1-related features, seizure characteristics, treatment outcomes, and electroencephalography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compared between patients with and without epilepsy. Results: Among the 103 patients (median age, 11.5 years; age range, 1.0 to 34.8), 14 (13.6%) had epilepsy. The median age of seizure onset was 5.8 years (range, 1.1 to 18.9). Focal and generalized seizures were observed in nine (64.3%) and six (42.9%) patients, respectively. Five patients (35.7%) had a history of status epilepticus and one of them died of it. Two patients (14.3%) had drug-resistant epilepsy. On brain MRI obtained at the time of seizure onset, seven (50%) patients had unidentified bright objects and three (21.4%) had other structural abnormalities. Learning disability (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 17.5) and a family history of epilepsy (OR, 39.7; 95% CI, 3.78 to 416.53), but not structural abnormalities, were significant risk factors for epilepsy. Conclusion: Epilepsy was more common in NF1 patients than in the general population. NF1 patients with epilepsy had various seizure types, but exhibited relatively good outcomes. The types of brain abnormalities were not significantly different between patients with and without epilepsy. Our results suggest that mechanisms other than structural brain abnormalities should be considered epileptogenic in NF1 patients.
Shin, Areum,Lee, Eunjung,Jeon, Dasom,Park, Young-Guen,Bang, Jeong Kyu,Park, Yong-Sun,Shin, Song Yub,Kim, Yangmee American Chemical Society 2015 Biochemistry Vol.54 No.25
<P>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host innate immune system. Papiliocin is a 37-residue AMP purified from larvae of the swallowtail butterfly <I>Papilio xuthus</I>. Magainin 2 is a 23-residue AMP purified from the skin of the African clawed frog <I>Xenopus laevis</I>. We designed an 18-residue hybrid peptide (PapMA) incorporating N-terminal residues 1–8 of papiliocin and N-terminal residues 4–12 of magainin 2, joined by a proline (Pro) hinge. PapMA showed high antimicrobial activity but was cytotoxic to mammalian cells. To decrease PapMA cytotoxicity, we designed a lysine (Lys) peptoid analogue, PapMA-k, which retained high antimicrobial activity but displayed cytotoxicity lower than that of PapMA. Fluorescent dye leakage experiments and confocal microscopy showed that PapMA targeted bacterial cell membranes whereas PapMA-k penetrated bacterial cell membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments revealed that PapMA contained an N-terminal α-helix from Lys<SUP>3</SUP> to Lys<SUP>7</SUP> and a C-terminal α-helix from Lys<SUP>10</SUP> to Lys<SUP>17</SUP>, with a Pro<SUP>9</SUP> hinge between them. PapMA-k also had two α-helical structures in the same region connected with a flexible hinge residue at Nlys<SUP>9</SUP>, which existed in a dynamic equilibrium of <I>cis</I> and <I>trans</I> conformers. Using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, the anti-inflammatory activity of PapMA and PapMA-k was confirmed by inhibition of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, treatment with PapMA and PapMA-k decreased the level of ultraviolet irradiation-induced expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Thus, PapMA and PapMA-k are potent peptide antibiotics with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, with PapMA-k displaying enhanced bacterial selectivity.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bichaw/2015/bichaw.2015.54.issue-25/acs.biochem.5b00392/production/images/medium/bi-2015-00392x_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bi5b00392'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
COVID-19 Vaccination Status Among Korean Pediatric Population With Comorbidities
Shin Areum,Kim Dong Wook,Kim Young-Eun,Kim Doo Ri,Jung Jaehun,Kim Yae-Jean 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.32
The pediatric population with comorbidities is a high-risk group for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of January 2023, the COVID-19 vaccination rate for at least two doses among Korean children 5–11 years is low at 1.1%. We summarized the COVID-19 vaccination status for the pediatric population (5–17 years) with comorbidities through July 2022 using the National Health Insurance Service database. Pediatric patients with comorbidities had higher vaccination rates than the general pediatric population (2.4% vs. 1.1% in 5–11-year-olds [P < 0.001], 76.5% vs. 66.1% in 12–17-year-olds [P < 0.001]). However, there were substantial differences according to comorbidity category, and the 2-dose vaccination rate was lowest among children with immunodeficiency in all age groups (1.1% in 5–11-year-olds, 51.2% in 12–17-year-olds). The COVID-19 vaccination rate among Korean children has remained stagnant at a low proportion despite ongoing outreach. Thus, more proactive strategies are needed alongside continuous surveillance.