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Anu K. Solanki,Ferdinand V. Lali,Hélène Autefage,Shweta Agarwal,Amy Nommeots-Nomm,Anthony D. Metcalfe,Molly M. Stevens,Julian R. Jones 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Background: Bioactive glasses are traditionally associated with bonding to bone through a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) surface layer but the release of active ions is more important for bone regeneration. They are now being used to deliver ions for soft tissue applications, particularly wound healing. Cobalt is known to simulate hypoxia and provoke angiogenesis. The aim here was to develop new bioactive glass compositions designed to be scaffold materials to locally deliver pro-angiogenic cobalt ions, at a controlled rate, without forming an HCA layer, for wound healing applications. Methods: New melt-derived bioactive glass compositions were designed that had the same network connectivity (mean number of bridging covalent bonds between silica tetrahedra), and therefore similar biodegradation rate, as the original 45S5 Bioglass. The amount of magnesium and cobalt in the glass was varied, with the aim of reducing or removing calcium and phosphate from the compositions. Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composites were also produced. Glasses were tested for ion release in dissolution studies and their influence on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) from fibroblast cells was investigated. Results: Dissolution tests showed the silica rich layer differed depending on the amount of MgO in the glass, which influenced the delivery of cobalt. The electrospun composites delivered a more sustained ion release relative to glass particles alone. Exposing fibroblasts to conditioned media from these composites did not cause a detrimental effect on metabolic activity but glasses containing cobalt did stabilise HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF (not seen in Co-free controls). Conclusions: The composite fibres containing new bioactive glass compositions delivered cobalt ions at a sustained rate, which could be mediated by the magnesium content of the glass. The dissolution products stabilised HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF, suggesting the composites activated the HIF pathway to stimulate angiogenesis.
( Anu Appaiah K. A. ),( A. Parvathy ),( Mariam Mathew ),( N. G. K. Karanth ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.8
Production of biosurfactant can be substantially increased by the addition of precursors like vegetable oils, petroleum products, and other water-insoluble substances. Pseudomonas Ptm+ strain produces biosurfactant in the presence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), which specifically emulsifies HCH, a recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide. Addition of previously produced crude biosurfactant by the same organism as a precursor instead of HCH increased production of biosurfactants with a decrease in the total fermentation time from 32 to 24 h. The main objective of this paper was to find alternatives for HCH as an inducer.
Analysis and design of Phase Frequency Detector using Current Mode Logic
Anu Tonk,Bal Krishan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.5
The design of phase frequency detector (PFD) using CMOS current mode logic (CML_PFD) is presented in this paper. Further its performance has been compared with a proposed PFD, denoted here as M_CML_PFD. The simulation results are focused on accounting the power dissipation, delay and output noise. Both the PFDs are designed to be dead zone free and using 0.35μm CMOS technology on SPICE simulator. The output noise experienced is reduced by 6.5% in M_CML_PFD. The power dissipation of the proposed M_CML_PFD is 15.72% lesser and delay is 2.37 times less than the CML_PFD when operating at 100 MHz input frequency with 3.3V voltage supply.
Anu Sharma,Mandeep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.11
Particle swarm optimization is the optimization technique motivated by swarm intelligence and aims to find the best solution in the swarm. Aging leader and challengers with Particle swarm optimization (ALC-PSO) is a population based optimization method which introduced the concept of aging and challenger generation in the PSO technique. This variant of PSO has been successful in preventing premature convergence of PSO and maintaining swarm diversity. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the inertia weight parameter and its strategies in PSO and experimentally analyzed the effect of inertia weight strategies on ALC-PSO performance. Comparison is drawn between PSO and ALC-PSO based on these strategies. Results are obtained using five different benchmark functions.
Anu Chandra,Abbas Ali Mahdi,Raj Kumar Singh,Farzana Mahdi,Ramesh Chander 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.3
In the present investigation we report the protective potential of some herbal hypoglycemic agents on antioxidant status and levels of metal ions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity of the herbs was also evaluated. Induction of diabetes mellitus in rats caused an increase in blood lipid peroxide levels that was associated with the reduced activity of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant enzymes—namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase—along with depletion of plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, and selenium levels. Oral treatment of diabetic rats with Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Momordica charantia, and Ocimum sanctum extracts (500 mg/kg of body weight) not only lowered the blood glucose level but also inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides, reactivated the antioxidant enzymes, and restored levels of GSH and metals in the above-mentioned model. The herbal extracts (50–500 μg) inhibited the generation of superoxide anions (O2.) in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic in vitro systems. These preparations also inhibited the ferrous-sodium ascorbate-induced formation of lipid peroxides in RBCs. The in vivo and in vitro protective effects of the above-mentioned herbal drugs were also compared with that of glibenclamide. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the above-mentioned herbal plants not only possess hypoglycemic properties, but they also decrease oxidative load in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we propose that long-term use of such agents might help in the prevention of diabetes-associated complications. However, the extrapolation of these results to humans needs further in-depth study.
Anu Chinnadurai,Daniel Breadner,Ziad Baloush,Ana Elisa Lohmann,Morgan Black,David D’Souza,Stephen Welch 대한부인종양학회 2024 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.35 No.2
Objective: To evaluate disease-free sur vival (DFS) and overall sur vival (OS) associated withadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy interposed with radiation for advancedendometrial cancer. Methods: This is a cohort study of adult women with stage III or IV endometrial cancertreated at a single institution, between April 2002 and October 2017. Tumor and treatmentcharacteristics were recorded. Treatment consisted of 4 cycles of intravenous paclitaxeland carboplatin ever y 3 weeks, followed by external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis (45–50Gy), and another 2 cycles of chemotherapy. One cohort of patients were prospectivelyenrolled from 2002 through 2006 and an additional cohort from 2007 to 2017, which wasretrospectively analyzed. Primar y endpoints for this study were DFS and OS rates which werecalculated using Cox regression models. Results: Eighty-two patients with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 35–83 years) wereincluded. Median follow-up was 46 months (range, 9–196 months). Most patients had stageIIIC disease (62.2%) and serous carcinoma histology (46.3%). Median OS was 146 monthsand median DFS was 71 months. A 5-year OS and DFS were 64.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Age >60 years subgroup was at a significantly higher risk of DFS event or death. Histologicalsubtype, location of positive nodes, and cancer stage (IIIa vs. higher stage) did not correlateto a higher risk of recurrence or death. Conclusion: Long term follow-up and a larger population confirm that the chemoradiotherapysandwich method yields favorable outcomes in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.
Anu Mary Oommen,Vinod Joseph Abraham,Vinod Joseph Abraham,V. Jacob Jose,Kuryan George 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.5
Background: The Achutha Menon Centre Diabetes Risk Score (AMCDRS), which was developed in rural Kerala State, South India, had not previously been externally validated. We examined the performance of the AMCDRS in urban and rural areas in the district of Vellore in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and compared it with other diabetes risk scores developed from India. Methods: We used the data from 4,896 participants (30 to 64 years) of a cross-sectional study conducted in Vellore (2010 to 2012), to calculate the AMCDRS scores using age, family history, and waist circumference. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) were calculated for undiagnosed and total diabetes. Results: Of the 4,896 individuals surveyed, 274 (5.6%) had undiagnosed diabetes and 759 (15.5%) had total diabetes. The AMCDRS, with an optimum cut-point of ≥4, identified 45.0% for further testing with 59.5% sensitivity, 60.5% specificity, 9.1% PPV, 95.8% NPV, and an AROC of 0.639 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608 to 0.670) for undiagnosed diabetes. The corresponding figures for total diabetes were 75.1%, 60.5%, 25.9%, 93.0%, and 0.731 (95% CI, 0.713 to 0.750), respectively. The AROC for the AMCDRS was not significantly different from that of the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, the Ramachandran or the Chaturvedi risk scores for total diabetes, but was significantly lower than the AROC of the Chaturvedi score for undiagnosed diabetes. Conclusion: The AMCDRS is a simple diabetes risk score that can be used to screen for undiagnosed and total diabetes in lowresource primary care settings in India. However, it probably requires recalibration to improve its performance for undiagnosed diabetes.