Affordances, constraints, and mediating aspects of elementary mathematics lesson planning practices and lesson plan actualization

Amador, Julie M ProQuest UMI 2010 해외석사

Influence of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) on victimization and fear of crime in pedestrians in Panama City

CARDENAS MORENO, Julio Amador University of Seoul, International School of Urban 2021 국내석사

라틴 아메리카의 많은 국가들과 같이 파나마에서도 불안정이 계속해서 심화되고 있다. 이는 무엇보다 소득, 사회적 지위, 정치 지도자, 공공 장소의 조건과 같은 다양한 요인들과 관련된 것으로, 파나마에서는 인구의 66%가 거리를 다니는 것에 불안을 느끼며 거리의 58.8%는 야간에 충분한 조명을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(CPTED)을 기본 이론으로 하고 있으며, 이에 대하여 도시적, 건축적 환경 설계를 통한 범죄 예방 차원에서 접근한다. 본 연구는 파나마시티에서 범죄 우려 및 피해에 대한 보행자의 인식을 평가하기 위해 CPTED, 피해, 범죄 우려의 관계를 연구했다. 범죄 우려를 포함한 CPTED와 피해 사이의 관계를 파악하기 위한 분석 방법론으로 구조 방정식 모델(SEM)을 선택했다. 본 연구에 사용된 데이터는 실증적인 방법과 설문조사를 통해 산출되었으며, 설문 문항은 SEM을 수행하는데 필요한 데이터 유형인 5점 리커트 척도를 사용하여 34개의 질문으로 구성되었다. 설문지는 구글 설문지 플랫폼을 통해 온라인으로 배포하였다. 수집된 데이터는 R-Studio를 사용하여 분석되었으며, 본 논문의 결과는 2005년 Minnery 및 Lim의 결과와 일치한다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 CPTED는 보행자의 피해 및 범죄 우려와 직접적으로 관련이 있다. 결론적으로 CPTED는 보행자의 피해와 범죄 우려를 줄이는 데 효과적이다. 주요어: CPTED, 보행자, 피해, 범죄 우려, SEM In Panama as many other countries in the Latin American region the levels of insecurity increase constantly, this increment of insecurity is related to different factors as income, social status, political leaders, the conditions of public spaces among other factors. In Panama, 66 percent of the population feel insecure walking in their own neighborhood and 58.8 percent of the streets does not possess appropriate illumination during the nighttime. Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is the base theory for this research, this approach consists in prevent crime through the urban and architectural design of the environment. This research studied the relationship between CPTED, victimization, and fear of crime, in order to evaluate the pedestrian perception of fear of crime and victimization in Panama City. The structural equation model (SEM) was selected as the methodology for analysis to identify the relationship between CPTED with fear of crime and victimization. The data for this study is empirical and it was generated from survey questionnaires survey, the survey was distributed online using the platform Google Forms, it consisted of 34 questions using 5 points Likert scale which the necessary type of data to conduct SEM.   The collected data was analyzed using R-Studio to run the analysis, the obtained results of this dissertation are consistent with Minnery and Lim findings in 2005. The results of this research showed that CPTED is directly related negatively to victimization and fear of crime in pedestrians. Concluding, that CPTED is effective in reducing fear of crime and victimization in pedestrians. Key terms: CPTED, Pedestrian, victimization, fear of crime, SEM

Assessment of the Feasibility of Applying a Volume-Based Fee System on Solid Waste Disposal in Panama

Amador Olmedo Cardenas Moreno 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2022 국내석사

Solid waste management often represents a big challenge for developing countries. Currently, Panama is in a critical situation due to the saturation of the country's main landfill, which receives most of the solid wastes of the country. In the 1990s, South Korea struggled with a similar issue while handling their solid waste; thus, the Volume-Based policy was born. In this policy, the citizens must purchase standardized volume bags for disposing of their solid wastes. This policy sought to reduce the volume of solid waste generation and promote recycling, as recyclable items are collected free of charge. After the first year of implementation, the volume of solid waste generation was reduced by 8% compared to the previous year. This research seeks to assess the feasibility of implementing this policy in Panama City as a case study. To achieve this goal, both citizens and public institutions were surveyed and interviewed respectively. The survey collected 330 respondents and indented to understand the willingness of citizens to participate in a policy like this; additionally, questions regarding awareness of solid waste management and recycling were made to understand citizens' knowledge. On the other hand, institutions, specifically the National Authority of Urban and Household Sanitation and the National Assembly, were interviewed about the current challenges and plans for solid waste management. Cross-tabulation, Chi-Square Test, and simple analysis charts were used to analyze the data gathered. Survey results show that, in general terms, 257 out of 330 respondents are willing to participate in the volume-based fee policy under certain conditions.; adequate collection frequency, better recycling facilities, and affordable price for the bags. After running the Chi-Square rest with different variables (Gender, Age group, Education Level, Monthly Income, Employment Status), it has been shown that most of the variables selected for each question didn’t have significant relationships. However, Gender, Monthly Income, Employment Status, and Education Level did show some relationship on some points (segregation of solid waste in the household, facilities for recycling, willingness to pay the volume-based bag price, and thoughts on the flexibility of the policy, respectively). In terms of legislation, the solid waste management framework has been enhanced over the past five years. The new regulations and policies set a base where future guidelines can be built upon. Currently, the significant challenges are the lack of infrastructure and capacity for both solid waste treatment and recycling. Investing in such facilities and awareness campaigns will be key to transform the current system into a more sustainable one along with the lines of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. 고형 폐기물 관리는 종종 개발 도상국에게 큰 도전 과제이다. 현재 파나마는 전국 고형 폐기물의 대부분을 처리하는 주요 매립지가 포화상태에 이르러 위태로운 상황에 처해 있다. 1990년대 한국도 고형 폐기물을 처리하면서 비슷한 문제로 어려움을 겪은 후 종량제 정책이 탄생하게 되었다. 해당 정책에 따라 시민들은 고형 폐기물 처리를 위해 규격 봉투를 구입해야 한다. 해당 정책은 재활용품을 무료로 수거하여 고형 폐기물 발생량 감소 및 재활용 촉진을 목적으로 한다. 시행 1년차 이후 고형 폐기물 발생량은 전년 대비 8% 감소했다. 본 연구는 사례 연구로써 파나마시티 내 해당 정책의 실행 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 시민과 공공기관을 대상으로 각각 설문조사와 인터뷰를 진행했다. 설문조사는 330명의 응답자를 수집하고 이와 같은 정책에 대한 시민들의 참여 의지를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 설계되었다. 또한 시민들의 지식 수준을 파악하기 위해 고형폐기물 관리 및 재활용 인식에 대한 질문으로 구성하였다. 한편, 고형폐기물 관리를 위한 현재 과제와 계획과 관련하여 기관들, 특히 도시•가정위생청(National Authority of Urban and Household Sanitation) 및 국회와 인터뷰를 진행했다. 수집된 데이터를 분석하기 위해 교차분석(Cross-Tabulation), 카이제곱검정(Chi-Square Test), 단순분석차트를 사용하였다. 설문조사 결과에 따르면 일반적으로 330명의 응답자 중 257명의 응답자가 적절한 수거 빈도, 재활용 시설 개선 및 합리적 가격의 종량제봉투라는 조건 하에 종량제 요금 정책에 참여할 의향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별, 연령, 학력, 월수입, 고용상태 등 다양한 변수로 카이제곱검정을 실시한 결과, 각 문항별로 선정된 대부분의 변수가 유의미한 관계를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성별, 월수입, 고용상태, 학력수준은 각각 가정 내 고형 폐기물의 분리, 재활용 시설, 종량제봉투 가격 지불 의사, 정책의 유연성에 대한 생각 등 일부 항목에서 약간의 상관관계를 보였다. 법적 측면에서 고형 폐기물 관리 체계는 지난 5년 동안 개선되어왔다. 신규 규제 및 정책은 향후 지침을 구축할 수 있는 토대를 제공한다. 현재 당면한 주요 도전과제는 고형 폐기물 처리 및 재활용을 위한 기반시설과 용량이 부족하다는 점이다. UN의 지속가능발전목표(United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals)에 따라 현재 시스템을 보다 지속 가능한 시스템으로 전환하기 위해서는 이 같은 시설 및 인식 캠페인에 대한 투자가 필수적이다.

Dynamics of Tidally-Driven Flows in Coral Reef Shelves: Observations from Autonomous and Fixed Instruments

Amador Ramirez, Andre Miguel ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

The present work examines the hydrodynamics of the inner-shelf region, focusing on tidally-driven alongshore flows over coral reef shelves. This study draws on field data collected in O’ahu, Hawai’i using fixed and mobile assets to develop new modes of observational research.First, a theoretical model is developed to describe how autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-based water velocity measurements are influenced by a surface wave field. The model quantifies a quasi-Lagrangian, wave-induced velocity bias as a function of the local wave conditions, and the vehicle’s depth and velocity using a first-order correction to the linear wave solution. The theoretical bias is verified via field experiments over a range of wave and current conditions. The analysis considers velocity measurements made using a REMUS-100 AUV, but the findings apply to any small AUV (vehicle size ≪ wavelength) immersed in a wave field. The observed wave-induced biases [O(1–5) cm/s] can be significant, and can be comparable to steady flow velocities for inner-shelf regions.Second, a new approach to estimate lateral turbulent Reynolds stresses (u′v′) in wavy coastal environments using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) is described. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via comparisons with independent acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV)-based stress estimates at two sites, and the vertical structure of the tidally-averaged turbulent Reynolds stresses is examined for an unstratified, tidally-driven flow over a rough coral reef seabed in weak waves. Observations and analysis indicate that lateral stresses are sustained by the cross-shore gradient of the mean alongshore flow, and driven by bottom-generated turbulence. Scaling considerations suggest that cross-shore transport by lateral turbulent mixing could be relevant to coral reef shelves with steep cross-reef slopes and rough bottoms.Finally, a tidally-driven alongshore flow over a forereef shelf is examined using AUV-based spatial velocity measurements along with time series data of the alongshore pressure gradient. Ensemble phase averages of AUV-based velocities reveal characteristics akin to an oscillatory boundary layer, with the nearshore flow leading the offshore flow in phase and with a corresponding velocity magnitude attenuation near the shallower regions of the reef. Analysis of the depth-averaged alongshore momentum equation indicates that the cross-shore structure and evolution of the alongshore flow is well described by a balance between local acceleration, barotropic pressure gradient, and bottom drag. This primary balance allows the estimation of a spatially-averaged drag coefficient as a function of cross-shore distance over depths spanning from 24 to 6 m. Seabed roughness data suggest that larger scales, with wavelengths of O(10 m), are more relevant than smaller meter-scale roughness for drag.

Mapping Greenland Supraglacial Melt Lakes and the Role of Local- and Synoptic-Scale Climates in Their Variations

Amador, Nathanael Santos ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Pennsylvania S 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

My doctoral research utilizes remote sensing and GIS techniques to evaluate the influence of climate on the surface hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Specifically, I assess changes in supraglacial melt lake spatial and temporal patterns in the ablation zone (or melt zone) along the ice sheet margin around Jakobshavn Isbrae. Supraglacial melt lakes play a significant role in ice sheet hydrology and mass balance as they have the propensity to catastrophically drain. Such episodic drainage events inject surface meltwater to the ice sheet--bedrock interface, lubricating the bed, and provide a mechanism for a dynamic response in ice flow. The contribution of Greenland's outlet glaciers to sea level rise has doubled over the last two decades due to this increased calving. I introduce a novel tool, FoveaPro (a plug-in to Adobe Photoshop), for mapping supraglacial melt lakes in the ablation zone from satellite imagery. FoveaPro allows the user to semi-automate supraglacial lake mapping, making lake identification more time efficient, and to generate more-precise spatial statistics (such as melt lake area and shape) on these lakes than current manual methods. I identify atmospheric circulation patterns coincident with anomalously high and low melt periods in the context of a 13-year climatology. I utilize depth-reflectance algorithms that have been previously developed for this region, to calculate melt lake volume. To ensure accuracy of the melt lake volume calculations, the results were compared with estimates from a degree-day model that utilizes data from a nearby weather station in the ablation zone, and with satellite-derived digital elevation models (DEMs). A more thorough understanding of the amount of surface meltwater stored in supraglacial lakes, and its atmospheric drivers, better constrains its impacts on ice sheet hydrology and consequent ice sheet contribution to global sea level rise.

Characterizing Habitable Environments on Mars Using Infrared Spectroscopy from Orbit

Amador, Elena Sophia University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Until recently, the search for habitable environments on Mars has mostly been driven by the motto "follow the water", as water is thought to be one of the fundamental requirements for life. Over the last several decades, there has been abundant geomorphic and mineralogical evidence for surface and near-surface liquid water early in Mars' history, increasing the potential for past habitable environments. However, it has becoming progressively clear that there are several more requirements, in addition to liquid water, that make an environment habitable including a source of energy for biochemical processes, major and trace elements to form macromolecules (e.g., CHNOPS), as well as clement physicochemical conditions (e.g., pH, salinity, temperature). The search for habitable environments on Mars has now become more refined, searching for locales that show evidence for not only liquid water, but these other important constraints. This dissertation first focuses on the Nili Fossae region of Mars, an area that shows extensive evidence for aqueous alteration with a diverse range of hydrated minerals. This work views the region through the lens of both bulk surface composition and secondary alteration minerals, in particular with respect to minerals that would indicate not only liquid water but an energy source and a means for creating organic materials, such as with serpentinization. The study ultimately uses what is learned in Nili Fossae to better understand the global distribution of mineralogical evidence for serpentinizing systems detectable from available orbital data. The studies presented here rely on near-infrared (~1.0-3.0 microm) reflectance and thermal-infrared (~5-50 microm) emissivity measurements of both the martian surface and terrestrial analog materials to best describe the composition of surfaces exposed in Nili Fossae. Chapter Two uses a complementary approach for looking at near- and thermal-infrared measurements of the surfaces in Nili Fossae to identify elevated bulk-silica exposures that imply increased aqueous alteration of a capping unit that was previously considered unaltered. This extends aqueous alteration to all three major stratigraphic units in the area. Chapter Three uses near- and thermal-infrared laboratory measurements of rocks from the Lost City Hydrothermal Field on Earth to better constrain the geochemical and astrobiological environment that formed similar minerals in Nili Fossae, Mars. This work identified a suite of spectral types and minerals (serpentine, Mg-carbonate, and talc/saponite) associated with low-temperature serpentinizing systems on Earth and compared them to what was observed in Nili Fossae. This resulted in an additional identification of serpentine within the region, and additional evidence for a sustained habitable serpentinizing system in Nili Fossae. This framework was used to search for similar sites across Mars in Chapter Four. This produced a global map of the distribution of spectral types associated with low-temperature serpentinizing systems. This study resulted in new identifications of serpentine across the southern highlands, predominately in isolated exposures in crater and valley walls, crater ejecta and ancient knobby terrains. Additionally, it found that serpentine was much more pervasive in the Nili Fossae region than previously thought, making it an increasingly compelling site for future detailed surface investigations with respect to habitability.

Essays on Cattle-Derived Food Products: Demand, Pricing, and Investigation into Linkages Between Online Media and Future Prices

Amador, Mario Amado Ortez Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Cattle derived food, like beef and dairy, have long been a staple of our human diets and continue to be prominent in our days. This prominence and their relevance naturally extend to our economies. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (2022), cattle production is the most important agricultural industry in the US representing about 17% of the $391 billion total cash receipts for agricultural commodities in 2021.Economists have looked into cattle derived products from a wide array of perspectives focusing on the product itself, for example beef, but also in the forces of supply and demand that at times are external to product attributes. The effect of supply and demand shocks on agricultural markets have been heavily considered in the literature (Thomsen and McKenzie, 2001; McKenzie and Thomsen, 2001; Lusk and Schroeder, 2002, Piggott and Marsh, 2004). Yet another important aspect of agricultural markets is price determination and the body of literature in this area is ample (Tomek & Robinson, 2003). Recent phenomena in the world, like the availability of information, good or bad, in the most current, voluminous and accessible way that we have ever seen, could be a new force in price determination of agricultural products. My research contributes to such strains of literature by investigating perceptions and willingness to pay for beef attributes, market shocks in beef markets, and the role of online media in dairy prices.Beef attributes, and their relative valuation by consumers, have been studied to assist in understanding consumer demand for beef. Given the relevance of such attributes in consumer's mind, researchers have sought to study how to profitably provide those beef attributes demanded by consumers. Addressing consumer demands for tenderness, an important attribute (Schroeder and Mark, 2000), aging beef has been proved to be a technology that improves flavor, tenderness and juiciness (Kim, Kemp & Samuelson, 2016). By using aging processes, the same cattle carcass can generate more highly valued beef products. I study the willingness to pay for aging and USDA grade in beef, to understand valuation of attributes by consumers with various demographics.In beef markets, the heterogeneity of beef cuts in their usage, pricing and distribution channels is crucial. Supply and demand shocks can affect individual cuts in different ways (Ortez et al, 2022). With some beef cuts relying heavily on restaurant sales more than others, this offers a good opportunity to introduce a new concept in beef market analysis, namely the price relationship amongst beef cuts and its response to different market shocks. The traditional discussion around spreads in meat focus on differences in price at separate steps in the supply chain, namely farm, wholesale and retail. However, little attention has been given to the relative differences in prices of specific cuts of beef.The potential influence of online media chatter in its sentiment and volume has largely been under appreciated in the Agricultural Economics literature. A predecessor in this area is Tonsor and Olynk (2011) who first established a connection between news activity and economic fundamentals in agriculture. The advent of the internet may have the ability to decrease information asymmetry and bridge the information gap between consumers, producers and market products. Online media listening allows for data collection efficiently and in real time (Widmar, 2019) and it may be a relevant aspect in the decision making of agricultural and food industries. Moved by this endeavor, I seek to understand if potential relationships between online media chatter sentiment and volume with futures prices in dairy products exist.

The consequences of abortion and contraception policies on young women's reproductive choices, schooling and labor supply

Amador Osuna, Diego University of Pennsylvania 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

I evaluate the effects of regulations that limit the availability of abortion services, as well as the impact of policies that subsidize contraception, on abortion and contraceptive choices of young women and on their life-cycle fertility, schooling and labor supply. I specify and structurally estimate a dynamic life-cycle model of abortion, contraceptive use, schooling and labor supply decisions using data from the NLSY97 combined with aggregate abortion provider data from the Guttmacher Institute. Variation across time and space in state-specific regulations and in the availability of abortion providers at the county level provides a valuable source of identification for the model parameters. My estimation approach allows for underreporting of abortions by NLSY respondents. Policy simulations show that restrictions on abortions increase contraceptive use, which moderates the effect of abortion restrictions on birth rates. Eliminating access to abortion services has significant effects on women's schooling and lifetime earnings. The average effect of restricting access to abortion on lifetime welfare is small, but there is substantial heterogeneity in welfare losses across women. As an alternative to abortion restrictions, I find that providing free contraception would increase contraceptive use and decrease abortion rates substantially.

"Redeeming the tropics": Public health and national identity in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil, 1890--1940

Amador, Jose G University of Michigan 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

After the United States became a world power at the end of the Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1898, it also inaugurated its first successful overseas disease eradication efforts against yellow fever in Cuba and hookworm disease in Puerto Rico. In the 1910s, these initial campaigns were replicated in Brazil through the international health services of the Rockefeller Foundation. This dissertation examines the consequences of these campaigns in order to understand the ways in which public health transformed the racial and national thinking of early twentieth-century Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil. American and local physicians used public health concerns to bolster state building and define national belonging. In Cuba, public health officials, social scientists, and policy makers exploited the success of the yellow fever campaign to police racial boundaries, generally to the detriment of people of African and Asian descent. In Puerto Rico, the campaign against hookworm mobilized tens of thousands of peasants and offered a platform to expand medical research and training. In Brazil, the missions of nationalist sanitarians and the Rockefeller Foundation converged in the campaign of rural sanitation and altered ideas about regionalism, nationalism, and imperialism. Furthermore, my research demonstrates that as state authorities implemented disease eradication programs, social thinkers replaced older doctrines of race and environment with less tangible explanations of soul and culture to reassess national identity in the tropics. In Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil public health ideas also had a profound impact on key intellectual figures of the 1930s who redefined the national community in writings influenced by their ambiguous relationship with the United States. My analysis draws on U.S. military records, medical journals, ethnographies, autobiographies, novels, popular images, and documents of the Rockefeller Foundation to reconstruct the circulation of public health campaigns in and among these countries. These campaigns provide a window onto the complex political and cultural dynamics that linked the histories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil with the history of the United States. By integrating stories from the archives with intellectual history, I draw out connections between public health, immigration, cultural nationalism, and U.S. imperialism in the Americas.

Strategic teaching for strategic learning: A qualitative study of how new college instructors learn to be effective teachers

Amador, Nicole Andrea The University of Texas at Austin 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Research suggests that few, if any, instructors begin their college teaching careers equipped with the knowledge or know-how to teach. If undergraduate education is to be improved, the links between teaching and learning must be strengthened. A first step in this direction is to investigate how new college teachers learn to teach from practice, and how that learning process can be better supported by institutions. The primary focus of this research was to describe the nature of the first-time college teaching experience. Another goal of the study was to depict how novice college instructors begin to develop into expert teachers, strategic in their own learning and teaching. Using a grounded theory approach for simultaneous data collection and analysis, theory was developed inductively from the data (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Over the course of one semester, data were collected from five female instructors just entering into their first college teaching experience. Several data sources were incorporated: interviews with the instructors and some of their students, journals, classroom observations, course instructor surveys, researcher notes, and e-mail messages and papers submitted to me by the instructors. The results of this study are reported in a grounded theory format, including case studies, emergent categories, the story line, and a model of the initial processes of learning to teach strategically at the college level. The data suggest that the process of learning to teach at the college level is remarkably complex. Knowledge growth was demonstrated in the areas of departmental and course policies and procedures, content, curriculum, student-related knowledge, and presentation. Influences on the learning process included issues and concerns, preconceptions, strategies, emotions, time, and available resources. The recursive and reciprocal steps of the learning process were identified as follows: monitoring, venting, reflecting, planning, and implementing. A more complete understanding of how new college teachers become strategic in their instruction will help inform professional development, improve teaching effectiveness, and most importantly, help students to be more strategic learners themselves.